COVID-19 pandemic challenges and lessons learned by pharmacy educators around the globe

The coronavirus identified in 2019 (COVID-19) has affected peoples’ lives worldwide. This pandemic forced both pharmacy faculty members and students to adapt to a new teaching and learning environment not only in the United States but around the globe. Pharmacy educators faced challenges and opportunities to convert classroom learning and experiences, as well as student assessments, to a remote or online format. The unique approaches taken to overcome difficulties in various countries showed pharmacy faculty members’ resilience in the face of adversity and their determination to continue providing education to students. The pandemic also shed light on areas needing improvement for pharmacy educators to work on in the future

Clinical strategies for managing emergency endodontic pain

Pulpal and periradicular pain is leading cause of emergency care demand. Literature review: Pain management in endodontics includes important aspects for its control and prevention, such as reducing anxiety and preoperative pain, control of intra-operative pain and the treatment of postoperative pain. These review pointed out some important measures that may be the key for the effectiveness control and prevention of pain in endodontic procedures. One of the effective strategies currently used in these cases is structured to evaluate the painful condition through a 3-D approach which establish a differential diagnosis, definitive treatment, and rational use of drugs, based on the most appropriate scientific evidence available in the literature

DIFFEOMORPHISM OF AFFINE CONNECTED SPACES WHICH PRESERVED RIEMANNIAN AND RICCI CURVATURE TENSORS

<p>Organ size regulation is dependent on the precise spatial and temporal regulation of cell proliferation and cell expansion. A number of transcription factors have been identified that play a key role in the determination of aerial lateral organ size, but their functional relationship to various chromatin modifiers has not been well understood. To understand how leaf size is regulated, we previously isolated the oligocellula1 (oli1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that develops smaller first leaves than the wild type (WT) mainly due to a reduction in the cell number. In this study, we further characterized oli1 leaf phenotypes and identified the OLI1 gene as well as interaction partners of OLI1. Detailed characterizations of leaf development suggested that the cell proliferation rate in oli1 leaf primordia is lower than that in the WT. In addition, oli1 was associated with a slight delay of the progression from the juvenile to adult phases of leaf traits. A classical map-based approach demonstrated that OLI1 is identical to HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES15 (HOS15). HOS15/OLI1 encodes a homolog of human transducin β-like protein1 (TBL1). TBL1 forms a transcriptional repression complex with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) HDAC3 and either nuclear receptor co-repressor (N-CoR) or silencing mediator for retinoic acid and thyroid receptor (SMRT). We found that mutations in HISTONE DEACETYLASE9 (HDA9) and a switching-defective protein 3, adaptor 2, N-CoR, and transcription factor IIIB-domain protein gene, POWERDRESS (PWR), showed a small-leaf phenotype similar to oli1. In addition, hda9 and pwr did not further enhance the oli1 small-leaf phenotype, suggesting that these three genes act in the same pathway. Yeast two-hybrid assays suggested physical interactions, wherein PWR probably bridges HOS15/OLI1 and HDA9. Earlier studies suggested the roles of HOS15, HDA9, and PWR in transcriptional repression. Consistently, transcriptome analyses showed several genes commonly upregulated in the three mutants. From these findings, we propose a possibility that HOS15/OLI1, PWR, and HDA9 form an evolutionary conserved transcription repression complex that plays a positive role in the regulation of final leaf size.</p

Evaporation of the gluon condensate: a model for pure gauge SU(3)_c phase transition

We interpret lattice data for the equation of state of pure gauge $SU(3)_c$ by an evaporation model. At low temperatures gluons are frozen inside the gluon condensate, whose dynamics is described in terms of a dilaton lagrangian. Above the critical temperature quasi-free gluons evaporate from the condensate: a first order transition is obtained by minimizing the thermodynamical potential of the system. Within the model it is possible to reproduce lattice QCD results at finite temperature for thermodynamical quantities such as pressure and energy. The gluonic longitudinal mass can also be evaluated; it vanishes below the critical temperature, where it shows a discontinuity. At very large temperatures we recover the perturbative scenario and gluons are the only asymptotic degrees of freedom.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures. Expanded version including a discussion of the asymptotic degrees of freedom and of the gluon mas

High frequency poroelastic waves in hydrogels

In this work a continuum model for high frequency poroelastic longitudinal waves in hydrogels is presented. A viscoelastic force describing the interaction between the polymer network and the bounded water present in such materials is introduced. The model is tested by means of ultrasound wave speed and attenuation measurements in polyvinylalcohol hydrogel samples. The theory and experiments show that ultrasound attenuation decreases linearly with the increase of the water volume fraction "{\beta}" of the hydrogel. The introduction of the viscoelastic force between the bounded water and the polymer network leads to a bi-phasic theory showing an ultrasonic fast wave attenuation that can vary as a function of the frequency with a non-integer exponent in agreement with the experimental data in literature. When {\beta} tends to 1 (100% of interstitial water) due to the presence of bounded water in the hydrogel, the ultrasound phase velocity acquires higher value than that of pure water. The ultrasound speed gap at {\beta} = 1 is confirmed by the experimental results that show that it increases in less cross-linked gel samples that own a higher concentration of bounded water