A Etnomatemática nos cursos de formação continuada de professores: implicações das regularidades discursivas e das relações de poder na produção de subjetividades

Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar uma discussão, resultante de uma pesquisa de mestrado, de como a utilização da Etnomatemática nos cursos de formação continuada de professores de matemática implica na produção de subjetividades. Para isso, foram analisadas duas dissertações de Mestrado que trabalharam a Etnomatemática na linha da Formação de Professores, uma produzida em instituição privada e a outra em instituição pública divulgadas nos anos de 2006 e 2009, respectivamente, na cidade de Porto Alegre-RS. A análise deteve-se em investigar, segundo as teorias discursivas foucaultianas, como, através das regularidades discursivas e das relações de poder-saber são produzidos diferentes modos de subjetivação nos sujeitos investigadores. Ao utilizar dois eixos norteadores de visibilidade, Etnomatemática como arte e técnicade explicar e conhecer dentro das diferentes culturas e a relação desta com a formação do professor; e a Etnomatemática como um mecanismo de governo, concluiu-se que, os discursos das dissertações analisadas, operam como mecanismos de governo capaz de habilitar e conduzir condutas, produzindo, desta forma, modos singulares de subjetivação

Mollusk bycatch in trawl fisheries targeting the Atlantic seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri on the coast of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

The malacofauna bycatch of sea-bob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) trawl fisheries on the coast of Sergipe was studied for 5 years. The malacofauna bycatch considered was obtained in nine oceanographic sampling campaigns carried out between May 1999 and June 2003 in 18 stations distributed in six transects along depths of 10, 20 and 30 m. A total of 2,669 individuals of mollusk belonging to 54 species were captured on the 18 sea-bob shrimp trawl stations carried out along the coast of Sergipe. The considerable richness of mollusks was composed by 19 families and 31 species of gastropods, 12 families and 19 species of bivalves and 2 families and 4 species of cephalopods. The highest abundance were observed at stations 13 (373 individuals) and 16 (685 individuals) that represents the lowest depth (10 m) and the richness was higher at stations 15 and 12 (17 and 11 species, respectively) both located at the highest depth (30 m). Cephalopods had high frequency of occurrence being collected in all the stations and by far the most abundant group with a total of 2,488 individuals captured. On the other hand, gastropods (with 142 individuals found in 83.3% of stations) and bivalves (about 1% of the individuals collected) contribute with a much smaller percentage of individuals captured. Lolliguncula brevis (Blainville, 1823) was most representative cephalopod in number and frequency of occurrence. Arcidae, Conidae, Muricidae and Strombidae were the families with the higher number of species in the trawl-fishery. Among bivalves, Pitar arestus (Dall & Simpson, 1901) and Spathochlamys benedicti (Verrill & Bush [in Verrill], 1897) were the species with higher frequency of occurrence. Although the considerable sample effort and a number of mollusks captured as bycath, the richness estimators indicated that the species richness could increase with additional sampling effort in the study area. The present study expands the taxonomic alpha knowledge on the mollusk bycatch of sea-bob shrimp trawl fisheries on the northeastern coast of Brazil. However, it is of crucial importance to assess urgently the negative impacts of the sea-bob shrimp trawl fisheries on the benthic community of the entire coast of Brazil

The potential of CEB reinforced masonry technology for (re)construction in the context of disasters

More than 226 million people are affected by some type of disaster every year in various dimensions of human life, both in the short and long term. In this context, housing provision plays a leading role when it comes to basic needs and the choice of construction technologies and materials are determinant for a well-succeeded housing provision process. This work aims to analyze the viability of reinforced masonry technology with cement-stabilized compressed earth blocks as an alternative for the (re)construction process in situations that involve disaster risk reduction (DRR). To address this issue, a discussion from the literature and the main results obtained during the investigations carried out within the scope of the Simple Housing Solution (SHS) Project are presented. In the sequence, analyses are performed under United Nations Development Program/International Recovery Platform sustainability recommendations: environmental, technical, financial and socio-organizational aspects. It is concluded that the technology of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) reinforced structural masonry has a high potential to be successfully applied in DRR situations, especially when associated with the community construction system in a joint effort.The SHS Project counted on financial support from Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de AmparoàPesquisado Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) during Phase 1 (2009–2012), grant number E-26/190.212/2009

As atividades no campo da Terapia Ocupacional: mapeamento da produção científica dos terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiros de 1990 a 2008

Occupation and activities are important tools to occupational therapists and participate on the construction of therapeutic process. Different concepts of activities are present in the Brazilian theoretical production, what is expressed on the multiplicity of terms used by occupational therapists to name their tool and object of study. This inquiry is a bibliographical revision designed to evaluate the state of the art of the Brazilian occupational therapists' scientific production about activities and occupation, considering the use of terms and conceptions, their definitions, categories and contexts and different approaches in the contemporary Occupational Therapy. The initial clipping delimited articles published in national journals from 1990 to 2008. 206 articles that discussed the activities in Occupational Therapy had been found in five national publications of the area. All these articles were analyzed quantitatively. With the accomplishment of the bibliographical survey and analysis of the data, it was possible to point out trends and interests in the theoretical production of the Brazilian occupational therapists, map the terms more often used, the conceptions and activities domains most frequent, and their joint to theoretical-methodological perspectives.As atividades são instrumento privilegiado das ações dos terapeutas ocupacionais e constituem o elemento orientador na construção complexa e contextualizada do processo terapêutico. No entanto, diferentes formas de conceber e definir atividades convivem, atualmente, na produção teórica na área, o que fica explicitado na variação em relação aos termos utilizados pelos terapeutas ocupacionais para nomear sua ferramenta de trabalho e seu objeto de estudo. Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa bibliográfica desenhada para avaliar o estado da arte da produção científica dos terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiros a respeito das atividades e ocupações, considerando o uso dos termos, as concepções a eles vinculadas, suas definições, categorias e contexto e as diferentes abordagens na Terapia Ocupacional brasileira contemporânea. O recorte inicial, cujos resultados são aqui apresentados, delimitou artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais da área de 1990 a 2008. 206 artigos foram encontrados em cinco publicações nacionais na área e foi realizada análise quantitativa deste material. Com a realização do levantamento bibliográfico e a análise dos dados foi possível apontar tendências e interesses na produção dos terapeutas ocupacionais no Brasil, mapear os termos mais utilizados, os domínios das atividades mais freqüentemente abordados e sua articulação com as perspectivas teórico-metodológicas

SHS (Simple Housing Solution) Methodology: Community (Re) Building in Critical Situations

The SHS - Simple Housing Solution - methodology helps to facilitate the process of (re) construction in critical situations (post-disaster, post-conflict, refugee settlement, relocation of populations from risk areas, among others). It was conceived with the philosophy of gathering basic knowledge that can be useful in the (re) construction of housing units and basic collective equipment (such as schools, health clinics), in a joint effort (community working system), using low cost constructive technologies. The idea is to help communities that are victims of disasters and conflicts to better organize their own recovery, and provide help via the guidance and supervision of qualified technical assistants (engineers and / or architects) who can be hired by the local community, government or NGOs, for these purposes. This paper aims to present the Simple Housing Solution methodology and the main results of SHS Project, focusing on investigations related to the construction technology of partially reinforced masonry with soil-cement bricks. Currently, new research is being conducted to improve the existing model of residency for critical situations, seeking to broaden its working range. After the current phase is concluded, the next step will be the construction of a prototype house in natural scale, on a seismic platform, to study the effects of simulated seismic actions on the house. In order to achieve this task, financial support is sought from sponsors, as well as technical cooperation with LNEC - National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, in Portugal. Keywords: Disaster recovery, housing recovery, conflict recovery, refugee settlements, risk managemen

Preventive strategies of adverse events with potentially dangerous medications

Objective: To describe the strategies adopted by nurses for safe administration of a potentially dangerous drug in the intensive care unit. Method: This is an exploratory study literature which included articles about potentially dangerous drugs and medication errors in intensive care units published in the period 1998 to 2009. Results: The study included 16 items that resulted in three categories of potentially dangerous medications (amines, heparin and insulin), which were described the light of error prevention strategies. Conclusion: The occurrence of adverse events with potentially dangerous medications is mostly preventable, and that for each class of potentially dangerous medications can be taken specific measures to prevent possible adverse events

A COVID-19 E AS COMPLICAÇÕES MATERNO FETAIS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

SARS-CoV-2 is a single-chain virus, responsible for causing an infectious disease with high transmission power, which can affect multiple organs and systems. Given the pandemic scenario, groups vulnerable to infection began to be identified, such as pregnant women, due to their immunological and physiological changes, presenting a greater susceptibility to the manifestation of the disease in its most severe form and a greater risk of obstetric and perinatal complications. For this study, an integrative literature review was used with a search on the platforms PubMed®, BIREME, LILACS, SciELO, and IBECS, for articles published between 2019 and 2023, with the descriptors "SARS-COV-2”; “COVID-19”; "PREGNANT"; “FETAL”; “COMPLICATIONS” and Boolean operator “AND”. 187 articles were found, and 25 publications constituted the final sample, with articles outside the proposed period or that did not present a direct correlation with the topic being disregarded. According to in the studies covered, most pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2 presented a mild condition, although the need for intensive support was also highlighted in order to cause outcomes such as premature birth, cesarean sections, hypertensive disorders, thromboembolic complications, lower weight at birth and premature rupture of membranes. Fetal receptors were found both in the placental tissue and also in fetal tissues, suggesting the possible occurrence of vertical transmission, and possible damage to fetal development. It is therefore concluded that COVID-19 infection can cause several losses in the maternal-fetal binomial, although its impact is not yet completely clarified in the literature. In view of this, further studies are necessary in order to better assess these consequences and the real long-term commitment.O SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus de cadeia simples, responsável por causar uma doença infecciosa com alto poder de transmissão, podendo afetar múltiplos órgãos e sistemas. Diante do cenário de pandemia, grupos vulneráveis à infecção passaram a ser identificados a exemplo das gestantes, devido às suas alterações imunológicas e fisiológicas, apresentando uma maior susceptibilidade à manifestação da doença na sua forma mais grave e um maior risco de complicações obstétricas e perinatais. Para este estudo foi utilizado uma revisão integrativa da literatura com busca nas plataformas PubMed®, BIREME, LILACS, SciELO, e IBECS, de artigos publicados entre 2019 a 2023, com os descritores "SARS-COV-2”; “COVID-19”; "PREGNANT"; “FETAL”; “COMPLICATIONS” e operador booleano “AND”. Foram encontrados 187 artigos, e 25 publicações constituíram a amostra final, sendo desconsiderados artigos fora do período proposto ou que não apresentavam correlação direta com o tema. Segundo estudos abordados, grande parte das gestantes infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 apresentaram um quadro leve, apesar de também ter sido evidenciada a necessidade de suporte intensivo, de maneira a poder ocasionar desfechos como parto prematuro, cesarianas, distúrbios hipertensivos, complicações tromboembólicas, menor peso ao nascer e ruptura prematura de membranas. Foi encontrado receptores fetais tanto no tecido placentário quanto nos tecidos fetais, sugerindo a possível ocorrência de transmissão vertical, e possíveis prejuízos no desenvolvimento fetal. Conclui-se, portanto, que a infecção pela COVID-19 pode acarretar vários prejuízos no binômio materno-fetal, apesar de seu impacto ainda não estar completamente esclarecido na literatura. Em vista disso, a realização de novos estudos se torna necessária, de forma a poder avaliar melhor essas consequências e o real comprometimento a longo prazo

Indicadores relacionados ao uso racional de medicamentos e seus fatores associados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar indicadores relacionados ao uso racional de medicamentos e seus fatores associados em unidades básicas de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em amostra representativa de municípios do Brasil incluídos na Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços, 2015. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista com usuários, profissionais dispensadores de medicamentos e prescritores; e descritos por meio de indicadores de prescrição, dispensação e de serviços de saúde. Realizou-se análise da associação entre características dos recursos humanos dos serviços farmacêuticos e indicadores de dispensação. RESULTADOS: Em nível nacional, o número médio de medicamentos prescritos foi de 2,4. A proporção de usuários com prescrição de antibiótico foi de 5,8%, 74,8% dos usuários receberam orientações sobre medicamentos na farmácia e para 45,1% usuários todos os medicamentos prescritos eram da relação nacional de medicamentos essenciais. Todos os indicadores apresentaram variações estatisticamente significantes entre as regiões do Brasil. Os dispensadores que relataram a presença de farmacêutico na unidade com carga horária igual ou superior a 40 horas semanais apresentaram 1,82 mais chance de transmitir orientações sobre o modo de usar dos medicamentos no processo de dispensação. CONCLUSÕES: A análise de indicadores de prescrição, dispensação e de serviços de saúde nas unidades básicas de saúde mostrou proporção insatisfatória de prescrição de medicamentos essenciais e limitações na identificação correta do medicamento, orientação aos pacientes sobre medicamentos e de disponibilidade de protocolos terapêuticos nos serviços de saúdeOBJECTIVE: To evaluate indicators related to the rational use of medicines and its associated factors in Basic Health Units. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a representative sample of Brazilian cities included in the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços, 2015 (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – Services, 2015). The data were collected by interviews with users, medicine dispensing professionals, and prescribers; and described by prescription, dispensing, and health services indicators. We analyzed the association between human resources characteristics of pharmaceutical services and dispensing indicators. RESULTS: At national level, the average number of medicines prescribed was 2.4. Among the users, 5.8% had antibiotic prescription, 74.8% received guidance on how to use the medicines at the pharmacy and, for 45.1% of users, all prescribed medicines were from the national list of essential medicines. All the indicators presented statistically significant differences between the regions of Brazil. The dispensing professionals that reported the presence of a pharmacist in the unit with a working load of 40 hours or more per week presented 1.82 more chance of transmitting information on the way of using the medicines in the dispensing process. CONCLUSION: The analysis of prescription, dispensing, and health services indicators in the basic health units showed an unsatisfactory proportion of essential medicines prescription and limitations in the correct identification of the medicine, orientation to the patients on medicines, and availability of therapeutic protocols in the health service

Surgical approaches and techniques in cancer treatment: past, present, and future/ Abordagens e técnicas cirúrgicas no tratamento oncológico: passado, presente e futuro

Introduction: Oncological surgery is one of the main pillars in the cancer treatment. Despite the significant advances of immunotherapies, target therapies, chemotherapies, and radiotherapies, surgery continues as an essential therapy. Objective: to present an updated overview of the oncological surgery’s role, highlighting its evolution throughout history and the current approaches and techniques in cancer treatment. Methods: Narrative and exploratory bibliographic study. The research was carried out in the Medline and Embase databases, using the terms (((surgical oncology)) OR ((surgery) AND (cancer) OR (tumors))). Results: Oncological surgery has made significant advances over its history. Currently, what prevails is the minimally invasive mentality with the techniques of video laparoscopy and robotic surgery. Although access is not uniform throughout the world, the expectation is that more popularization of these techniques will occur in the coming years. The oncological surgery is indicated to prevent, diagnose, evaluate the disease’s spread, curative treatment, sequelae and complications management, as well as palliation. Conclusion: Surgery is a procedure that improves the quality of life and increases cancer patients’ survival. The knowledge of its applicability, different techniques, and future expectations is essential for the correct orientation, referral to specialists, and patient’s follow-up

Programa Aproxime-se 2020: : ações de Extensão Universitária ancoradas na EaD

  A extensão universitária, segundo Carvalho (2015), surgiu na Europa, em meados do século XIX, a partir de ações filantrópicas das universidades. No Brasil, a extensão iniciou-se no começo do século XX e abrange uma gama de atividades que vão desde cursos a atendimentos ambulatoriais. A extensão nas universidades brasileiras compõe o chamado ‘tripé’ universitário: ensino, pesquisa e extensão, cuja indissociabilidade é garantida pelo artigo 217 da Constituição Federal Brasileira. Sob este princípio, as universidades vêm trabalhando para que a extensão se reafirme cada vez mais como parte estruturante das relações educacionais. O Aproxime-se é um programa do CAED que, desde 2013, realiza atividades de extensão nos polos de EaD no estado de Minas Gerais, visando aproximar ainda mais o polo e a comunidade, tanto acadêmica como local e, com isso, propiciar a construção de um locus ativo de formação de profissionais e divulgação do saber, da ciência e da tecnologia. O programa visa estabelecer um espaço para discussão de questões atuais, de elucidações à população de problemas por ela vividos e de fortalecimento da formação do aluno da graduação e da atividade docente