Symmetric Multi-Level Boost Inverter with Single DC Source Using Reduced Number of Switches

In this paper a novel multilevel boost DC to DC converter with H-Bridge inverter circuit for single DC source is proposed. The proposed scheme has two stages: the first one is a multilevel boost converter which gives a multilevel dc output for a single dc source and the second level is a H-Bridge converter which converts multilevel DC to multilevel AC at required frequency. This DC-DC converter not only reduces the DC source but also reduces the switches, diodes and capacitors. This leads to decrease of the amount and the inverter space installation in order to increase the required output voltage by increasing the number of capacitors and diodes in the DC to DC converter. Comparison between the number of power switches for the suggested topology and other topologies in the recent literature is presented. Simulation results are conveyed through MatLAB/Simulink domain and the working of the suggested converter is realized

Molecular functional analysis of the tumor suppressor gene PDCD4

Das Pdcd4-Gen (Programmed Cell Death 4) ist ein neues Tumorsupressorgen, das ursprünglich als ein während der Apoptose aktiviertes Gen identifiziert wurde. Um die molekularen Funktionen des Pdcd4 Tumorsuppressorgens zu charakterisieren, wurde ein Knock-Down-System mittels RNAi Technologie und ein Knock Out System mittels homologer Rekombination entwickelt. Mittels der 1D SDS PAGE- und der 2D-SDS-PAGE-Analyse konnten einige Transkriptionsfaktoren (ATF 2, c Myc, c Jun, CEBPß) sowie folgende Proteine als Pdcd4-Zielproteine identifiziert werden: Cytokeratin 17 (CK 17), Cytokeratin 8 (CK 8) und C2 und C3, die zur Familie der Aldo-Keton-Reduktase 1 (AKR1) gehören, sowie die Glutamyl Prolyl Bifunctional tRNA synthetase (GluProRS). Diese beiden hier entwickelten Systeme sowie die hier identifizierten Zielproteine könnten zur Klärung der molekularen Funktionen des Tumorsuppressor Pdcd4 beitragen. The Programmed Cell Death 4 gene (Pdcd4) is a novel tumor suppressor gene originally identified as a gene upregulated during apoptosis. To study the molecular functions of the Pdcd4 tumor suppressor gene by a reverse genetic approach, a knock down system and a knock-out system were developed in the HeLa cells using siRNA mediated RNA interference (RNAi) and in the DT40 cells using homologous recombination, respectively. The 1D and 2D SDS PAGE analysis in HeLa cells identified several transcription factors (ATF-2, c-Myc, c-Jun, CEBPß) and proteins viz., cytokeratin 17 (CK 17), Aldo Keto Reductase 1 (AKR1) family members C2 and C3, cytokeratin 8 (CK 8) and Glutamyl Prolyl Bifunctional tRNA synthetase (GluProRS) as novel molecular targets of Pdcd4. The two systems developed in the present work will be useful in further elucidating the molecular functions of tumor suppressor Pdcd4 by utilizing the molecular targets identified here

PHIP - a novel candidate breast cancer susceptibility locus on 6q14.1

Most non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer families have no identified genetic cause. We used linkage and haplotype analyses in familial and sporadic breast cancer cases to identify a susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q. Two independent genome-wide linkage analysis studies suggested a 3 Mb locus on chromosome 6q and two unrelated Swedish families with a LOD > 2 together seemed to share a haplotype in 6q14.1. We hypothesized that this region harbored a rare high-risk founder allele contributing to breast cancer in these two families. Sequencing of DNA and RNA from the two families did not detect any pathogenic mutations. Finally, 29 SNPs in the region were analyzed in 44,214 cases and 43,532 controls from BCAC, and the original haplotypes in the two families were suggested as low-risk alleles for European and Swedish women specifically. There was also some support for one additional independent moderate-risk allele in Swedish familial samples. The results were consistent with our previous findings in familial breast cancer and supported a breast cancer susceptibility locus at 6q14.1 around the PHIP gene.Peer reviewe

Investigation of phosphate coating formation by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

In this investiAation, an attempt has been made to use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring the phosphate coating formation, especially the involvment of hase metal in the coating fornlation. Results of the studies have been presented in the foml of Nyquist plot.. of various immersion time which shows a depressed semicircle and the diameter and degree of depression increase with time. Charge transfer resistance and the int~rfacial capacitance of steel in phosphatin~ solution are parameters of impedance study which helps in assessing and optimizing the conditions of phosphating. The result.. also show that presence of crystal refiner and/or accelerator accelerate the base metal dissolution at the initial stJlge of coating formation and the crystal refiner modifies the coating properties hy lowering tbe porosity by redissolution and deposition

Copper-manganese alloy for marine environment

Studies have been made on the behaviour of copper-manganese alloys, with and without addition of other elements in synthetic sea water, using potentiostatic technique. It is found that 70:30:Cu:Mn alloy hassuperior corrosion resistance probably because of the homogeneous micro-structure of the alloy. Addition of misch metal further improves corrosion resistance. The corrosion rate values were found to decrease in the following order: 80120: CuIMn, copper, 70130: CuIMn and CuIMn misch metal. The anodic Tafel constant (b,) is found to be 75 * 5 mvldecade, for copper and its alloys. Addition of manganese to copper shifts the open circuit potential in cathodic direction. It also marginally increases the hardness

Studies on manganese phosphating of steel

A new manganese phosphating bath which produces coating relatively at lower temperature within a reasonable time by the use of chemical accelerators bas been developed. Bath formulation and operating conditions have been optimized by coating weight determinations. Corrosion resistance property of the resultant coatings has been evaluated in 3% NaCI by electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic polarisation, linear polarisation and impedance measurements. Results of the electrochemical techniques have heen complemented by salt spray, humidity and immersion tests. Porosity coatin~ has also been studied. Results show that the newer manganese phosphate bath gives good coatin~ at 353 K within 30 minutes. Addition of nitrates of various metals as accelerator produces thicker coatin~. Corrosion studies have shown that the corrosion resistance of the resultant coatin~ are much superior than the conventional coating;

UlTRaSCAN-An algorithm for prediction of pattern(s) in untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs

21-38Many cis acting elements have been identified in the 3' and 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of eukaryotic mRNAs. These cis acting elements are found to play vital roles in pre-mRNA processing, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of processed mRNAs, determining the efficiency of translation of mRNAs and their stability and degradation in the cytoplasm. UTRScan utility has been used to identify these patterns in mRNAs. However, the UTRScan is not very sensitive and also not highly specific. It often generates many false positives as it scans the whole mRNA including the coding sequence. The authors have developed a new algorithm and an Internet based web application tool, named UlTRaSCAN, which overcomes these limitations and proved to be highly specific and sensitive in detecting patterns in UTRs. The new algorithm identifies these cis acting elements only in the 3' and 5' UTRs of eukaryotic mRNA/DNA sequences. The sensitivity is more than doubled and the specificity is increased, close to 100%. The UlTRaSCAN also minimized the false positives to almost 0% and the false negatives to large extent. </b