Severity of symptoms of European stone fruit yellows on different apricot varieties

Apricot is an important fruit crop in Hungary. There are large growing areas consisted of orchards of different sizes. These orchards are highly affected by a disease complex the so cold apoplexy with its characteristic symptoms. In this study, the effect of rootstocks and scion varieties on the severity of symptoms was investigated in an apricot orchard near Budapest. Symptoms were assessed in autumn at their most characteristic appearance on the combinations of 5 different scion varieties and 3 different rootstocks in 3 consecutive growing seasons. According to the results of the assessments in most cases, symptoms proved to be more frequent and stronger on trees grown on wild apricot rootstock than on plum intergrafted or myrobalan rootstocks. The variety Mandulakajszi proved to be consistently the least affected variety particularly on plum intergrafted rootstocks. Severity of symptoms observed on other investigated varieties deviated depending on the different rootstocks and growing seasons. To reduce the effect of growing seasons monitoring should be continued. &nbsp

Glikoenzim-inhibítorok előállítása = Synthesis of glycoenzyme inhibitors

A szénhidrát alapú gyógyszerek kifejlesztésének egyik iránya a glikoenzimek gátlószereinek és szerkezet?hatás összefüggéseiknek (SAR) felderítése. A kutatás során glikozidázokat, amilázokat és glikogén foszforilázokat (GP) gátló cukorszármazékokat készítettünk, melyek - főképp antidiabetikus - terápiás célokra lehetnek alkalmasak. A GP első nanomólos glükózanalóg inhibitorait készítettük el N-beta-D-glükopiranozil-N'-szubsztituált karbamidok, analógjaik és származékaik szintézise során. Részletes SAR-t állítottunk fel új gátlószerek kifejlesztéséhez. Megfigyeltük e származékok kötődését a katalitikus helyen kívül az új allosztérikus helyhez is, és célzottan ide irányítható cukorvegyületeket készítettünk. A GP újabb nanomólos gátlószereit fedeztük fel glikopiranozilidén-spiro-oxadiazolok, -szulfahidantoinok, -tiazolonok, -imidazolonok és -oxatiazolok szintézisének vizsgálatakor. Egyes oxatiazolok az E. coli galaktozidáz millimólos inhibitorai. Az enzimatikusan szintetizált akarviozinil-izomaltozil-spiro-tiohidantoin a nyál amiláz akarbóznál négyszer jobb inhibitora. Sztereoszelektív módszerekkel anomer alfa-aminosavat tartalmazó di- és tripeptideket készítettünk. A 2,2,2-triklóretil-alapú védőcsoportok kemoszelektív lehasítását írtuk le redukcióra és savakra érzékeny csoportok mellett. Felkérésre több összefoglalót írtunk a GP gátlók tervezéséről és antidiabetikus alkalmazási lehetőségeikről. | Discovery of inhibitors of glycoenzymes and revealing their structure?activity relationship (SAR) is a principal trend in the development of carbohydrate based drugs. In our research sugar derivatives of therapeutic (mainly antidiabetic) potential inhibiting glycosidases, amylases, and glycogen phosphorylases (GP) were prepared. The first nanomolar glucose analog inhibitors of GP were obtained by syntheses of N-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-N'-substituted ureas, their analogs and derivatives. A detailed SAR was deduced for developing new inhibitors. Binding of these derivatives to the new allosteric site vs. the catalytic site of GP was observed, and sugar compounds to be diverted to this site were synthesized. Further novel nanomolar inhibitors of GP were found during investigation of syntheses for glycopyranosylidene-spiro-oxadiazoles, -sulfahydantoins, -thiazolones, -imidazolones, and -oxathiazoles. Some oxathiazoles are millimolar inhibitors of E. coli galactosidase. Acarviosinyl-isomaltosyl-spiro-thiohydantoin obtained by enzymatic synthesis proved a 4-fold better inhibitor of salivary amylase than acarbose. Di- and tripeptides containing anomeric alpha-amino acids were made by stereoselective methods. A chemoselective method was described for deprotection of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl based blocking groups next to reducible and acid sensitive functionalities. On invitation several reviews were written about design and possible antidiabetic utilization of GP inhibitors

Changes in the contents of hen eggs due to polyphenol-rich supplementation

The suspension of Bábolna Tetra-SL hen hybrids - the food concentrate Flaviva Vasgyúró instant drink powder, which is available on the market and is rich in flavonoids, polyphenols and minerals, is mixed into the basic feed. One group of test animals received 200 mg per day and another group received 400 mg of instant vegetable and fruit powder per day mixed in their basic maize feed for 33 days, while the control group received only the basic food containing maize. In our studies, we measured the cholesterol content and total polyphenol content of the eggs in addition to the physical parameters (weight, length, diameter, color). Our results show that in addition to favorable changes in the physical properties of eggs, the polyphenol content of eggs increased significantly, thus correlating with a significant decrease in the content of cholesterol, which may be of importance from a nutritional point of view in many groups of diseases

Severity of symptoms of European stone fruit yellows on different apricot varieties

Apricot is an important fruit crop in Hungary. There are large growing areas consisted of orchards of different sizes. These orchards are highly affected by a disease complex the so cold apoplexy with its characteristic symptoms. In this study, the effect of rootstocks and scion varieties on the severity of symptoms was investigated in an apricot orchard near Budapest. Symptoms were assessed in autumn at their most characteristic appearance on the combinations of 5 different scion varieties and 3 different rootstocks in 3 consecutive growing seasons. According to the results of the assessments in most cases, symptoms proved to be more frequent and stronger on trees grown on wild apricot rootstock than on plum intergrafted or myrobalan rootstocks. The variety Mandulakajszi proved to be consistently the least affected variety particularly on plum intergrafted rootstocks. Severity of symptoms observed on other investigated varieties deviated depending on the different rootstocks and growing seasons. To reduce the effect of growing seasons monitoring should be continued

Application of a topographic pedosequence in the Villány Hills for terroir characterization

Terroir refers to the geographical origin of wines. The landscape factors (topography, parent rock, soil, microbial life, climate, natural vegetation) are coupled with cultural factors (cultivation history and technology, cultivars and rootstock) and all together define a terroir. The physical factors can be well visualized by a slope profile developed into a pedosequence showing the regular configuration of the relevant physical factors for a wine district. In the present study the generalized topographic pedosequence (or catena) and GIS spatial model of the Villány Hills, a historical wine producing region, serves for the spatial representation and characterization of terroir types. A survey of properties of Cabernet Franc grape juice allowed the comparison of 10 vineyards in the Villány Wine District, Southwest Hungary. Five grape juice properties (FAN, NH3, YAN, density and glucose + fructose content) have been found to have a moderate linear relationship (0.5 0.7) with FAN, NH3, YAN, sugar and density and moderate correlation with primary amino nitrogen (PAN). HI showed a correlation with three nitrogen related parameters FAN, NH3, YAN, density and glucose + fructose content. Elevation and slope, however, did not correlate with any of the chemical properties

Effects of clinical decision topic on patients’ involvement in and satisfaction with decisions and their subsequent implementation

Clinical decision-making is the vehicle for mental health care delivery, and predictors of decision-making experience and adherence are under-researched. The aim was to investigate the relationship between decision topic and kind of involvement in the decision, satisfaction and subsequent implementation, from both staff and patient perspectives

The development and evaluation of a five-language multi-perspective standardised measure: clinical decision-making involvement and satisfaction (CDIS).

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a brief quantitative five-language measure of involvement and satisfaction in clinical decision-making (CDIS) - with versions for patients (CDIS-P) and staff (CDIS-S) - for use in mental health services. METHODS: An English CDIS was developed by reviewing existing measures, focus groups, semistructured interviews and piloting. Translations into Danish, German, Hungarian and Italian followed the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force principles of good practice for translation and cultural adaptation. Psychometricevaluation involved testing the measure in secondary mental health services in Aalborg, Debrecen, London, Naples, Ulm and Zurich. RESULTS: After appraising 14 measures, the Control Preference Scale and Satisfaction With Decision-making English-language scales were modified and evaluated in interviews (n = 9), focus groups (n = 22) and piloting (n = 16). Translations were validated through focus groups (n = 38) and piloting (n = 61). A total of 443 service users and 403 paired staff completed CDIS. The Satisfaction sub-scale had internal consistency of 0.89 (0.86-0.89 after item-level deletion) for staff and 0.90 (0.87-0.90) for service users, both continuous and categorical (utility) versions were associated with symptomatology and both staff-rated and service userrated therapeutic alliance (showing convergent validity), and not with social disability (showing divergent validity), and satisfaction predicted staff-rated (OR 2.43, 95%CI 1.54- 3.83 continuous, OR 5.77, 95%CI 1.90-17.53 utility) and service user-rated (OR 2.21, 95%CI 1.51-3.23 continuous, OR 3.13, 95%CI 1.10-8.94 utility) decision implementation two months later. The Involvement sub-scale had appropriate distribution and no floor or ceiling effects, was associated with stage of recovery, functioning and quality of life (staff only) (showing convergent validity), and not with symptomatology or social disability (showing divergent validity), and staff-rated passive involvement by the service user predicted implementation (OR 3.55, 95%CI 1.53-8.24). Relationships remained after adjusting for clustering by staff. CONCLUSIONS: CDIS demonstrates adequate internal consistency, no evidence of item redundancy, appropriate distribution, and face, content, convergent, divergent and predictive validity. It can be recommended for research and clinical use. CDIS-P and CDIS-S in all 3 five languages can be downloaded at http://www.cedar-net.eu/instruments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN75841675.CEDAR study is funded by a grant from the Seventh Framework Programme (Research Area HEALTH-2007-3.1-4 Improving clinical decision making) of the European Union (Grant no. 223290)