A probabilistic seismic hazard model based on cellular automata and information theory

International audienceWe try to obtain a spatio-temporal model of earthquakes occurrence based on Information Theory and Cellular Automata (CA). The CA supply useful models for many investigations in natural sciences; here, it have been used to establish temporal relations between the seismic events occurring in neighbouring parts of the crust. The catalogue used is divided into time intervals and the region into cells, which are declared active or inactive by means of a certain energy release criterion (four criteria have been tested). A pattern of active and inactive cells which evolves over time is given. A stochastic CA is constructed with the patterns to simulate their spatio-temporal evolution. The interaction between the cells is represented by the neighbourhood (2-D and 3-D models have been tried). The best model is chosen by maximizing the mutual information between the past and the future states. Finally, a Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Map is drawn up for the different energy releases. The method has been applied to the Iberian Peninsula catalogue from 1970 to 2001. For 2-D, the best neighbourhood has been the Moore's one of radius 1; the von Neumann's 3-D also gives hazard maps and takes into account the depth of the events. Gutenberg-Richter's law and Hurst's analysis have been obtained for the data as a test of the catalogue. Our results are consistent with previous studies both of seismic hazard and stress conditions in the zone, and with the seismicity occurred after 2001

Luxación radiocarpiana con fractura asociada de la apófisis estiloides radial

Presentamos un caso de luxación dorso lateral del carpo con fractura asociada de la estiloides radial en una mujer de 28 años tras accidente de tráfico. No existieron complicaciones neurovasculares. El tratamiento consistió en reducción y fijación de la estiloides radial con agujas de Kirschner. Después de seis meses de evolución la paciente estaba libre de secuelas

Perancangan Gedung Fakultas Teknik Unsrat Dengan Perspektif Animasi 3d

Model Gedung Fakultas Teknik yang biasanya hanya berbentuk gambar dibuat model berupa 3D dalam bentuk Animasi. Produksi Film Animasi Gedung Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sam Ratulangi dengan perspektif animasi 3D ini menggunakan teknik tracking camera. Tracking camera merupakan cara untuk melihat dari model 3D yang dibuat dengan pandangan camera yang berjalan sendiri. Pemodelan gedung berdasarkan gambar gedung hasil observasi yang dibuat menjadi model 3D. Hasil akhir dari pembuatan film animasi 3D dari gedung Fakultas Teknik Unsrat ini diharapkan dapat menjadikan gedung Fakultas Teknik Unsrat dalam bentuk animasi 3D yang dapat membantu user atau mahasiswa untuk lebih mengetahui daerah gedung Fakultas Teknik Unsrat ini. Selain itu melalui pembuatan film animasi 3D dari model gedung ini juga diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai modul presentasi untuk memperkenalkan gedung Fakultas Teknik Unsrat kepada pihak luar

Multi-phase generators viability for offshore wind farms with HVDC transmission

Política de Open Access indicada en la web del editor. No aparece la revista en Sherpa/RomeoThe interest in offshore wind farms has experienced a significant growth in recent years. Technical knowledge allow the design of wind farms at higher distances, making the high voltage dc (HVDC) transmission a real alternative to current high voltage ac (HVAC) transmission. When the network is decoupled from the wind farm by a dc link, there is no need for a mandatory use of three-phase generator. To the contrary, multi-phase generators can be used and the wind farm can benefit from inherent advantages and recent developments of multi-phase drives. This preliminary study shows some of the potential advantages of the dual three-phase generators in wind energy conversion systems (WECS)

Luxación carpometacarpiana del primer dedo asociada a fractura de trapecio

Presentamos un caso de luxación carpometacarpiana del primer dedo asociada a fractura de trapecio. Fue tratada mediante reducción abierta y fijación interna. El resultado obtenido después de un año de seguimiento fue excelente. Sólo hemos encontrado once casos en la literatura y ninguno tratado como el nuestro.A case of carpometacarpal dislocation of the thumb associated with fracture of the trapezium in presented. It was treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The result after a one year follow-up was excellent. We have found only eleven cases in literature and none was treated like ours

Estudio de la capacidad productora de biofilm en Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

Luego de adherirse, las bacterias pueden desarrollarse en forma de biofilm, es decir, una comunidad de células bacterianas adheridas y envueltas en una matriz extracelular producida por ellas mismas. Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) es una bacteria adaptada al equino que produce la adenitis equina y que puede permanecer en nasofaringe y bolsas guturales de animales recuperados que actúan como portadores y fuentes de infección. Diversos investigadores han propuesto la producción de biofilm bacteriano como modelo de infecciones crónicas y de portadores asintomáticos en seres humanos y animales. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad productora de biofilm de S. equi. Se trabajó con 84 aislamientos de S. equi utilizando el método colorimétrico de la microplaca y el del portaobjeto, observando microscópicamente la presencia de polisacárido extracelular (PSE) y la formación de aglomerados celulares. En el método colorimétrico, se obtuvieron valores homogéneos a las 18 h de incubación, sin encontrarse diferencias con los distintos medios testeados (p>0,05). La mayor producción fue a las 36 h de incubación, alcanzándose los valores más altos en presencia de plasma equino (p<0,05). El 66% de los aislamientos presentó PSE, sin observarse diferencias entre los aislamientos de enfermos y de portadores. Se encontró asociación entre la formación de aglomerados celulares y producción de PSE (p<0,05). Se logró demostrar por primera vez la capacidad de S. equi para producir biofilm, observándose la formación de una sustancia compatible con el PSE que podría favorecer la permanencia de la bacteria en los caballos portadores. Además, algún componente plasmático del equino sería estimulante de la formación de biofilm como se ha observado en Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Se propone profundizar en el estudio del biofilm para contribuir al conocimiento del comportamiento de S. equi en los portadores

Advances in geobotany and new tools in biogeographic and bioclimatic maps: Sierra de Guadarrama National Park

20 páginas, 14 tablas, 3 mapas

On morphological hierarchical representations for image processing and spatial data clustering

Hierarchical data representations in the context of classi cation and data clustering were put forward during the fties. Recently, hierarchical image representations have gained renewed interest for segmentation purposes. In this paper, we briefly survey fundamental results on hierarchical clustering and then detail recent paradigms developed for the hierarchical representation of images in the framework of mathematical morphology: constrained connectivity and ultrametric watersheds. Constrained connectivity can be viewed as a way to constrain an initial hierarchy in such a way that a set of desired constraints are satis ed. The framework of ultrametric watersheds provides a generic scheme for computing any hierarchical connected clustering, in particular when such a hierarchy is constrained. The suitability of this framework for solving practical problems is illustrated with applications in remote sensing

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs -- A deep learning approach to determine fundamental parameters of target stars

Existing and upcoming instrumentation is collecting large amounts of astrophysical data, which require efficient and fast analysis techniques. We present a deep neural network architecture to analyze high-resolution stellar spectra and predict stellar parameters such as effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, and rotational velocity. With this study, we firstly demonstrate the capability of deep neural networks to precisely recover stellar parameters from a synthetic training set. Secondly, we analyze the application of this method to observed spectra and the impact of the synthetic gap (i.e., the difference between observed and synthetic spectra) on the estimation of stellar parameters, their errors, and their precision. Our convolutional network is trained on synthetic PHOENIX-ACES spectra in different optical and near-infrared wavelength regions. For each of the four stellar parameters, $T_{\rm eff}$, $\log{g}$, [M/H], and $v \sin{i}$, we constructed a neural network model to estimate each parameter independently. We then applied this method to 50 M dwarfs with high-resolution spectra taken with CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs), which operates in the visible (520-960 nm) and near-infrared wavelength range (960-1710 nm) simultaneously. Our results are compared with literature values for these stars. They show mostly good agreement within the errors, but also exhibit large deviations in some cases, especially for [M/H], pointing out the importance of a better understanding of the synthetic gap

Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and buffalo in Amazon Region, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to characterize Mycobacterium bovis from cattle and buffalo tissue samples, from two Brazilian states, and to analyse their genetic diversity by spoligotyping. Tissue samples from tuberculosis suspect animals, 57 in Amazonas State (12 cattle and 45 buffaloes) and six from Pará State (5 cattle and one buffalo) from slaughterhouses under State Veterinary Inspection, were isolated in culture medium Stonebrink. The positive cultures were confirmed by PCR and analysed by the spoligotyping technique and the patterns (spoligotypes) were identified and compared at the Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype Database (http://www.mbovis.org/). There was bacterial growth in 44 (69.8%) of the tissues of the 63 animals, of which PCR for region of differentiation 4 identified 35/44 (79.5%) as Mycobacterium bovis. Six different spoligotypes were identified among the 35 Mycobacterium bovis isolates, of which SB0295, SB1869, SB0121 and SB1800 had already been described in Brazil, and SB0822 and SB1608 had not been described. The most frequent spoligotype in this study (SB0822) had already been described in buffaloes in Colombia, a neighbouring country of Amazonas state. The other identified spoligotypes were also described in other South American countries, such as Argentina and Venezuela, and described in the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Goiás, indicating an active movement of Mycobacterium bovis strains within Brazil.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Carneiro, Paulo A. M. Michigan State University. Center for Comparative Epidemiology; Estados UnidosFil: Pasquatti, Taynara N. Dom Bosco Catholic University; BrasilFil: Takatani, Haruo. Agencia de Defesa Agropecuaria do Amazonas; BrasilFil: Zumarraga, Martin Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Marfil, Maria Jimena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Barnard, Christian. Agencia de Defesa Agropecuaria do Amazonas; BrasilFil: Fitzgerald, Scott D. Michigan State University. Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Abramovitch, Robert B. Michigan State University. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; Estados UnidosFil: Araujo, Flabio Ribeiro de. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Corte; BrasilFil: Kaneene, John B. Michigan State University. Center for Comparative Epidemiology; Estados Unido