3,599 research outputs found
Does Brazil Have the Right to Truth?
Brazil established its first truth commission in November 2011, which seeks to uncover the human rights abuses committed during the military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985. Although no international treaty or convention explicitly recognizes the right to truth, regional precedent suggests that it is a human rights norm. The Truth Commission faces the following barriers: the Amnesty Law protects perpetrators of human rights violations on either side of the conflict, tensions exist between the Brazilian Supreme Court and the regional human rights court, and politically strong military officials still present in the Brazilian government actively block the Truth Commission’s access to information. This paper reviews academic work on truth commissions and the right to truth, compares the events leading up to the Truth Commissions in Brazil and Argentina, and explore the hurdles to information in order to answer, does Brazil have the right to truth
Multivariate Nonparametric Estimation of the Pickands Dependence Function using Bernstein Polynomials
Many applications in risk analysis, especially in environmental sciences,
require the estimation of the dependence among multivariate maxima. A way to do
this is by inferring the Pickands dependence function of the underlying
extreme-value copula. A nonparametric estimator is constructed as the sample
equivalent of a multivariate extension of the madogram. Shape constraints on
the family of Pickands dependence functions are taken into account by means of
a representation in terms of a specific type of Bernstein polynomials. The
large-sample theory of the estimator is developed and its finite-sample
performance is evaluated with a simulation study. The approach is illustrated
by analyzing clusters consisting of seven weather stations that have recorded
weekly maxima of hourly rainfall in France from 1993 to 2011
Charge mobility of discotic mesophases: A multiscale quantum/classical study
A correlation is established between the molecular structure and charge
mobility of discotic mesophases of hexabenzocoronene derivatives by combining
electronic structure calculations, Molecular Dynamics, and kinetic Monte Carlo
simulations. It is demonstrated that this multiscale approach can provide an
accurate ab-initio description of charge transport in organic materials
Chemical evolution of the bulge of M31: predictions about abundance ratios
We aim at reproducing the chemical evolution of the bulge of M31 by means of
a detailed chemical evolution model, including radial gas flows coming from the
disk. We study the impact of the initial mass function, the star formation rate
and the time scale for bulge formation on the metallicity distribution function
of stars. We compute several models of chemical evolution using the metallicity
distribution of dwarf stars as an observational constraint for the bulge of
M31. Then, by means of the model which best reproduces the metallicity
distribution function, we predict the [X/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] relations for several
chemical elements (O, Mg, Si, Ca, C, N). Our best model for the bulge of M31 is
obtained by means of a robust statistical method and assumes a Salpeter initial
mass function, a Schmidt-Kennicutt law for star formation with an exponent
k=1.5, an efficiency of star formation of , and an
infall timescale of Gyr. Our results suggest that the bulge
of M31 formed very quickly by means of an intense star formation rate and an
initial mass function flatter than in the solar vicinity but similar to that
inferred for the Milky Way bulge. The [/Fe] ratios in the stars of the
bulge of M31 should be high for most of the [Fe/H] range, as is observed in the
Milky Way bulge. These predictions await future data to be proven.Comment: Accepted for publication by MNRA
Association of mid-infrared solar plages with Calcium K line emissions and magnetic structures
Solar mid-IR observations in the 8-15 micrometer band continuum with moderate
angular resolution (18 arcseconds) reveal the presence of bright structures
surrounding sunspots. These plage-like features present good association with
calcium CaII K1v plages and active region magnetograms. We describe a new
optical setup with reflecting mirrors to produce solar images on the focal
plane array of uncooled bolometers of a commercial camera preceded by germanium
optics. First observations of a sunspot on September 11, 2006 show a mid-IR
continuum plage exhibiting spatial distribution closely associated with CaII
K1v line plage and magnetogram structures. The mid-IR continuum bright plage is
about 140 K hotter than the neighboring photospheric regions, consistent with
hot plasma confined by the magnetic spatial structures in and above the active
regionComment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by PAS
Prey selection by an apex predator : the importance of sampling uncertainty.
The impact of predation on prey populations has long been a focus of ecologists, but a firm understanding of the factors influencing prey selection, a key predictor of that impact, remains elusive. High levels of variability observed in prey selection may reflect true differences in the ecology of different communities but might also reflect a failure to deal adequately with uncertainties in the underlying data. Indeed, our review showed that less than 10% of studies of European wolf predation accounted for sampling uncertainty. Here, we relate annual variability in wolf diet to prey availability and examine temporal patterns in prey selection; in particular, we identify how considering uncertainty alters conclusions regarding prey selection.
Over nine years, we collected 1,974 wolf scats and conducted drive censuses of ungulates in Alpe di Catenaia, Italy. We bootstrapped scat and census data within years to construct confidence intervals around estimates of prey use, availability and selection. Wolf diet was dominated by boar (61.5±3.90 [SE] % of biomass eaten) and roe deer (33.7±3.61%). Temporal patterns of prey densities revealed that the proportion of roe deer in wolf diet peaked when boar densities were low, not when roe deer densities were highest. Considering only the two dominant prey types, Manly's standardized selection index using all data across years indicated selection for boar (mean = 0.73±0.023). However, sampling error resulted in wide confidence intervals around estimates of prey selection. Thus, despite considerable variation in yearly estimates, confidence intervals for all years overlapped. Failing to consider such uncertainty could lead erroneously to the assumption of differences in prey selection among years. This study highlights the importance of considering temporal variation in relative prey availability and accounting for sampling uncertainty when interpreting the results of dietary studies
PageRank vs. ANP: A Comparative Analysis for Prioritizing Maintenance Activities in Industrial Water Distribution Systems.
This paper proposes the implementation of the PageRank algorithm as an alternative to the Analytic Network Process (ANP) for prioritizing maintenance activities in water distribution systems. We demonstrate the comparable performance of the PageRank algorithm to the ANP by comparing the results obtained from a previous conference paper that utilized the ANP for decision-making in sustainability-related problems involving water distribution systems feeding manufacturing industries. The ANP is commonly used for decision-making
in complex systems, but has limitations such as subjective weighting and handling large datasets. In contrast, the PageRank algorithm, originally designed for web page ranking, offers a scalable and objective approach for analyzing complex systems. To showcase the effectiveness of the PageRank algorithm, we compare the results obtained from the ANP in our previous conference paper with the PageRank algorithm. Our findings reveal that the PageRank algorithm yields identical results to the ANP, while addressing its limitations. The results of this study demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the PageRank algorithm in achieving identical outcomes as the ANP, with potential advantages in scalability and objectivity. The proposed implementation of the PageRank algorithm as an alternative to the ANP offers a
promising approach for prioritizing maintenance activities in water distribution systems, as similar considerations can be extended to any sector of activity
How sustainability factors influence maintenance of water distribution systems feeding manufacturing industries
This work aims to analyse the role played by relevant sustainability factors towards the implementation of maintenance interventions
in the manufacturing industrial sector. In this context, we focus on industrial water distribution systems, on whose effective work
depends the functioning of core plants as well as general industrial facilities. In detail, we propose aMulti-Criteria Decision-Making
(MCDM) application based on the use of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) as amethodological way to prioritise maintenance
interventions while considering the influence of some of themost relevant sustainability factors identified in literature. The main
advantage of such an approach consists in the elaboration of a flexible maintenance procedure for companies based on a well-known
and reliablemulti-criteria application. The novelty of our work refers to the development of a structured link between sustainability
factors and maintenance management of industrial water distribution systems, something that is fundamental in manufacturing but
also in other fields of application
A first-order stabilization-free Virtual Element Method
In this paper, we introduce a new Virtual Element Method (VEM) not requiring any stabilization term based on the usual enhanced first-order VEM space. The new method relies on a modified formulation of the discrete diffusion operator that ensures stability preserving all the properties of the differential operator.(c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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