Knowledge of Dentists about Hypomineralization Enamel Defects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate a group of Brazilian dentists on their knowledge of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM) related to clinical aspects, consequences, and diagnostic criteria. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional, the participants were invited by e-mail and Whatsapp® to answer a questionnaire about their knowledge of hypomineralization enamel defects (MIH/HSPM) on the Google Forms® platform. The questionnaire comprised eight questions about personal data and multiple-choice questions about their knowledge concerning clinical aspects, diagnostic criteria of MIH/HSPM and differential diagnosis through clinical images. Chi-square test was applied with the significance level set at 5%. Results: Most participants (n = 492; 91.1%) reported having knowledge about MIH/HSPM. The general dentists gave more incorrect answers (n = 40; 65.6 %;) about dental tissues affected by MIH/HSPM. Overall, 83.3% of the dentists gave the correct answer to which dentitions are associated with this condition. In addition, most dentists presented knowledge about the consequences related to possible fractures (n= 487; 90.2%) and about an increased risk of caries (n= 479; 88.9%) in the affected teeth.  Regarding the differential diagnosis performed through clinical images, most participants gave incorrect answers (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The participants presented knowledge about the dentition associated with this condition and possible consequences related to the teeth affected by MIH/HSPM; however, they showed difficulties concerning clinical diagnostic criteria

Causa mortis em usuários de crack

OBJECTIVE: The study accompanied 131 crack-cocaine users over a 5-year period, and examined mortality patterns, as well as the causes of death among them. METHOD: All patients admitted to a detoxification unit in São Paulo between 1992 and 1994 were interviewed during two follow-up periods: 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. RESULTS: After 5 years, 124 patients were localized (95%). By the study endpoint (1999), 23 patients (17.6%) had died. Homicide was the most prevalent cause of death (n = 13). Almost one third of the deaths were due to the HIV infection, especially among those with a history of intravenous drug use. Less than 10% died from overdose. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the mortality risk among crack cocaine users is greater than that seen in the general population, being homicide and AIDS the most common causes of death among such individuals.OBJETIVO: O estudo acompanhou, por cinco anos, um grupo de 131 usuários de crack e observou os padrões de mortalidade, bem como as causas mortis entre esses. MÉTODO: Todos os pacientes que se internaram em um serviço de desintoxicação, localizado no município de São Paulo, entre 1992-1994 foram entrevistados em duas ocasiões: 1995-1996 e 1998-1999. RESULTADOS: Após cinco anos, 124 pacientes foram localizados (95%). Vinte e três pacientes (17,6%) haviam morrido ao final do quinto ano de seguimento, sendo os homicídios a causa mortis mais prevalente (n = 13). Quase um terço dos pacientes morreu devido à infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (HIV), especialmente aqueles com antecedentes pessoais de uso de drogas endovenosas. Menos de 10% dos pacientes morreu de overdose. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo sugere que os usuários de crack têm maior risco de morte do que a população geral, sendo os homicídios e a AIDS as causas mais observadas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Psychiatry Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasCamden & Islington Mental Health & Social Care Trust North Camden Drug ServiceGrupo Interdepartamental de Epidemiologia ClínicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP, Department of Psychiatry Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e DrogasUNIFESPSciEL

A renda foi o fator de desenvolvimento em 2006

Os fascículos, ao fim de cada ano, são reunidos em uma única publicação, intitulada "Visão do Desenvolvimento

Proposição de uma solução simplificada do modelo da coluna rígida de água para a modelagem do esvaziamento de adutoras

Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma solução simplificada para o modelo da coluna rígida de água aplicado ao esvaziamento de condutos forçados sem admissão de ar. O problema consiste na análise da expansão de uma bolsa de ar enclausurada a montante de uma tubulação inclinada, durante o esvaziamento da coluna líquida que escoa a jusante por uma válvula esfera. Os dados dos experimentos 1, 2, 7 e 10 do trabalho de Coronado-Hernández (2019) e de Fuertes-Miquel et al. (2019) foram utilizados para aplicação e comparação dos resultados obtidos por meio da solução simplificada proposta, assim como pelo método de Euler, Heun e Runge-Kutta. A análise dos resultados teve o auxílio de indicadores, como o Desvio Nash-Sutcliffe, Desvio Quadrático Médio e Desvio Relativo. Após a válvula de jusante do experimento estar plenamente aberta, os desvios relativos passam a estabilizar e/ou reduzir ao longo do tempo de simulação. Ademais, o Método de Euler retornou resultados com menos acurácia comparado aos dados experimentais. Os métodos de Heun e Runge-Kutta possuem os melhores indicadores. Pode-se concluir que, na maioria dos cenários analisados, a solução simplificada retorna indicadores melhores em relação ao Método de Euler

Infectious diarrhea in autologous stem cell transplantation: high prevalence of coccidia in a South American center

Background: Diarrhea is frequently seen in autologous stem cell transplantation. Although toxicity related to conditioning is the most common cause, infectious pathogens can play a distinctive role particularly in certain regions and environments. Methods: The role of enteropathogens was investigated in 47 patients submitted to autologous stem cell transplantation at a Brazilian center between May 2011 and May 2013. All patients who presented with diarrhea consented to stool sample analysis to identify the etiological agents including coccidia, Strongyloides sp., Clostridium difficile and other pathogenic bacteria. Results: Thirty-nine patients (83%) had diarrhea, among whom seven (17.5%) presented with coccidia, three (7.5%) with Candida sp., one (2.5%) with C. difficile, and one (2.5%) with Giardia lamblia. There was a tendency toward a higher incidence of diarrhea in older patients (p-value = 0.09) and those who received conditioning with lomustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (p-value = 0.083). Furthermore, the number of days of neutropenia was higher in patients with diarrhea (p-value = 0.06). Conclusions: The high frequency of diarrhea caused by coccidia shows the importance of investigating and correctly identifying etiological agents and highlights the possible varieties of intestinal infections in patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation.

Effect of Four Bleaching Regimens on Color Changes and Microhardness of Dental Nanofilled Composite

Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the color changes and microhardness of a nanocomposite after four bleaching regimens. Materials. Twenty-five specimens (n = 25) were made with a nanocomposite resin (Filtek Supreme XT). The specimens were divided into five groups equally (n = 5): bleaching groups and control group, as follows: G1: artificial saliva at 37°C; (control) G2: hydrogen peroxide (HP) at 7%; G3: hydrogen peroxide (HP) at 35%; G4: carbamide peroxide (CP) at 10%; G5: carbamide peroxide (CP) 35%. Color measurements were made with spectrophotometer using CIELAB color scale. The Vickers hardness (VHN) measurements were performed at the top surface. The data were analyzed with two-way Analysis of Variance. Results. ΔE and VHN mean values into the groups were not statistically different, however, the VHN mean values before and after storage and bleaching showed statistically significant differences. Conclusion. Nanocomposite samples showed no significant alteration (color and microhardness) after bleaching. Thus, no replacement of restorations is required after bleaching

A importância da segurança do paciente e o cumprimento da antibioticoprofilaxia nas cirurgias dentro de uma hora

The aim was to understand the factors behind non-use of the checklist and the relevance of using antibiotic prophylaxis for patient safety. This is an integrative review study of secondary sources, carried out through the Virtual Health Library and ANVISA documents. In eight countries, a reduction from 11% to 7% in the occurrence of complications in surgical patients and a reduction in mortality from 1.5% to 0.8% was found with the use of the checklist. It is concluded that not using the checklist can pose risks to patient safety, increasing the percentage of errors, causing losses to institutions, in addition to the imminent death of patients. It was evident that the use of antibiotic prophylaxis must be carried out up to 60 minutes before the surgical incision, with it being carried out before 60 minutes or after the recommended time due to low efficacy.Objetivou-se compreender os fatores da não utilização do checklist e a relevância do uso do antibioticoprofilaxia para segurança do paciente. Trata-se de um estudo revisão integrativa de fontes secundarias, realizado por meio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e documentos da ANVISA. Em oito países encontrou-se uma redução de 11% para 7% da ocorrência de complicações em pacientes cirúrgicos e uma diminuição de mortalidade de 1,5% para 0,8% com o uso da lista de verificação. Conclui-se que a não utilização do checklist pode trazer riscos à segurança do paciente, aumentando o percentual de erros, favorecendo prejuízos para as instituições, além da eminência de óbitos dos pacientes. Evidenciou-se que o uso do antibioticoprofilaxia deve ser realizado até 60 minutos que antecedem a incisão cirúrgica, sendo irrelevante a realização anterior aos 60 minutos ou posterior ao tempo preconizado devido à baixa eficácia

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Presence and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

Objective: To assess the association between environmental factors during pregnancy and early childhood with the presence and severity of Molar Incisor Hipomineralization (MIH). Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 patients between 7 and 14 years of age. MIH was evaluated according to EAPD criteria. Data collected included the child’s medical history and the mother’s health. Chi-square and logistic regression were performed to determine any statistical evidence of the environmental factors, with the significance level set at 5%. Results: The participants were divided into groups with MIH (n=60) and without MIH (n=60), with average ages of 9.9 (±1.9) and 9.7 (±1.7) years, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between intercurrences during pregnancy (OR=3.55; IC95%=1.35-10.57) and medication taken by the child (OR=3.01; IC95%=1.74-8.42) and the presence of MIH. In addition, other variables were also associated with the MIH (p≤0.05). However, there was no association with variables and degree of MIH severity (p>0.05). Conclusion: The use of medications in childhood and complications during pregnancy can be association to the presence of MIH. However, these factors do not interaction to MIH severity

Towards a Taxonomy for the Development of Older Adults Healthcare Applications

The world population is aging and this motivates the development of diferent software solutions focused on the older adults\u27 health. In the literature, however, there is a lack of a organization of the information used by these software. To address this gap, we present in this paper a taxonomy to support the development of software applications dealing with the older adults\u27 health. This taxonomy is composed by 87 characteristics and 21 categories that organize the information that should be handled by this kind of application. The assessment of our taxonomy was performed with a group of five TIC experts with experience in digital healthcare and two healthcare professionals that work with older adutls. From this evaluation, we improve the taxonomy according to the inter-rater agreement among the experts. As a result, our taxonomy may be used to guide the development of healthcare applications for older adults