Caracterização de cicatrizes de deslizamentos por processamento de dados TM Landsat em Caraguatatuba - SP

The objective of this work is to identify and to characterize landslide scars using TM Landsat 5 data. The study area is a sector of the Serra do Mar, in the Caraguatatuba municipality (São Paulo State, Brazil), which is favorable for these processes. Landsat TM composites were tested, as well as resultant images of the ratio bands and principal component transform, verifying the contribution of these processing to the landslide scars enhancement and feature distinction. These data were integrated to the digital elevation model. The results obtained are coherent with landslide areas and the literature.O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e caracterizar cicatrizes de deslizamentos através de dados TM Landsat 5. A área de estudo é um setor da Serra do Mar, no município de Caraguatatuba (Estado de São Paulo), a qual é susceptível a esses processos. Foram testadas composições com bandas TM Landsat, bem como composições com imagens resultantes de razão entre bandas e resultantes de Transformação por Componentes Principais (TCP), verificando-se a contribuição dessas ao realce das feições, principalmente cicatrizes de deslizamentos. Estes dados foram cruzados com outros extraídos de Modelo Numérico de Terreno (MNT). Os resultados se apresentaram consistentes com áreas susceptíveis a deslizamentos, conforme a literatura

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Measurement of the CKM angle γγ in B±→DK±B^\pm\to D K^\pm and B±→Dπ±B^\pm \to D π^\pm decays with D→KS0h+h−D \to K_\mathrm S^0 h^+ h^-

A measurement of $CP$-violating observables is performed using the decays $B^\pm\to D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm\to D \pi^\pm$, where the $D$ meson is reconstructed in one of the self-conjugate three-body final states $K_{\mathrm S}\pi^+\pi^-$ and $K_{\mathrm S}K^+K^-$ (commonly denoted $K_{\mathrm S} h^+h^-$). The decays are analysed in bins of the $D$-decay phase space, leading to a measurement that is independent of the modelling of the $D$-decay amplitude. The observables are interpreted in terms of the CKM angle $\gamma$. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ collected in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of $7$, $8$, and $13\,\text{TeV}$ with the LHCb experiment, $\gamma$ is measured to be $\left(68.7^{+5.2}_{-5.1}\right)^\circ$. The hadronic parameters $r_B^{DK}$, $r_B^{D\pi}$, $\delta_B^{DK}$, and $\delta_B^{D\pi}$, which are the ratios and strong-phase differences of the suppressed and favoured $B^\pm$ decays, are also reported

Land use and land cover map of a semiarid region of Brazil for meteorological and climatic models

An updated vegetation cover and land use map over a semiarid region of Brazil has been produced at a 1 km spatial resolution, using satellite data and remote sensing techniques, for application in climate modeling. The map presents the location and distribution of major vegetation types and non-vegetated land surface formations for the Northeast Brazil Region, which includes the semiarid region. In this study, Radambrasil and IBGE vegetation maps, a digital mosaic of ETM+ Landsat 7, and TM Landsat 5 images from the period 1999-2000 were used. To update the map, the techniques of segmentation and unsupervised classification (ISOSEG) were applied. A total of 7 land cover and land use categories were mapped according to the "Simplified Simple Biosphere"(SSiB) model legend. This map shows that there has been a considerable increase in agricultural activities and pasture area. The vegetation in this region is an intricate combination of different life forms (e.g., trees and shrubs forming a closed cover) in this region. The semiarid region of Brazil is susceptible to desertification due to climatic and environmental conditions. This updated map should provide important input for regional stratification in climate studies

Influência das mudanças de uso da terra e da degradação do solo na dinâmica populacional do núcleo de desertificação de Gilbués (PI)

The semi-arid region of Brazil presents serious environmental problems. Among them, highlighted the accelerated soil degradation, which is the one which have an important contribution to the land desertification. Based on this concept, the objective of this study is to assess the impacts in changing the land use and evaluate how the land degradation/desertification influences the population dynamics in part of Gilbués city (Piauí state, Brazil) desertification nucleus. For this study, Landsat images, TM and ETM+ sensors and soil maps, developed by EMBRAPA, were used. Furthermore, demographic and socioeconomic data, aggregated by sector, were also considered. The land cover classes changes assessment showed that Cerrado area has decreased 9%, which is equivalent to an area of 550 km2. Cerrado was replaced by farming activities (5%, 315 km2) and desertified areas (4%, 240 km2). Concerning to the population, it has increased during the analyzed period. Urban sectors grew up from 7399 habitants per year, in 2000, to 19754 habitants per year, in 2010, with an increase of 62%. Rural population grew up in total of 20%, from 13660 habitants per year, in 2000, to 17468 habitants per year, in 2010. The results also present a decrease in the male population, aged between 35 and 39 years, which may indicate the migration of this group to other regions, seeking for better working conditions.Pages: 7687-769

Avaliação do impacto da desertificação no ambiente e na população do Semiárido brasileiro por meio de uma base de dados geográficos

The Northeast Region of Brazil is strongly characterized by regional differences such as high rates of illiteracy, low income levels, migration to urban centers, social exclusion, among others. Besides cultural and economic differences, the region is affected by land degradation and desertification exacerbated by anthropogenic factors. Understanding landscape changes and how they affect the vulnerability of the population poses a scientific challenge, because these changers take place at wider spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, the development of a geographical database that can enable the integration and assimilation of bio-geophysical and socioeconomic information is crucial for understanding those changes. More important than the development of the tool is learning how to perform a joint analysis of the information generated. This paper describes the development of a methodology that generates an early drought and desertification warning system and analyzes the population's vulnerability to those changes, by integrating information related to land degradation. The goal is to enable analyses by decision makers allow the implementation of measures in areas where both processes are happening in a more intense manner.La región Nordeste de Brasil está fuertemente marcada por las desigualdades regionales que presentan altos índices de analfabetismo, los bajos ingresos, la migración hacia los grandes centros urbanos, la exclusión social, entre otros. Además de la desigualdad cultural y económica, la región se ve afectada por la degradación / desertificación de las tierras exacerbada por factores antropogénicos. La comprensión de los cambios en el paisaje y cómo estas alteraciones afectan a la vulnerabilidad de la población es un reto, debido a que estas alteraciones se producen en amplias escalas espaciales y temporales. Así, el desarrollo de una herramienta que sea capaz de integrar la información física, ambiental y socioeconómica en diferentes escalas y resoluciones es esencial para la comprensión del proceso. Más importante que el desarrollo de la herramienta es saber analizar de forma conjunta las informaciones generadas. De esta forma, este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la metodología que se encuentra en desarrollo en el Sistema de Alerta Temprana contra la Sequía y la Desertificación – SAP, así como analizar, mediante el cruce de informaciones relacionadas con la degradación / desertificación de los suelos, la vulnerabilidad de la población frente a estas alteraciones. El objetivo es facilitar y agilizar el análisis de los tomadores de decisiones con el fin de permitir la toma de decisiones en las zonas donde se producen más rápidamente ambos procesos.A região Nordeste do Brasil é marcada fortemente pelas desigualdades regionais apresentando altos índices de analfabetismo, baixa renda, migração para os grandes centros urbanos, exclusão social, entre outros. Além da desigualdade cultural e econômica, a região é afetada com a degradação/desertificação da terra exacerbada por fatores antrópicos. O entendimento das mudanças na paisagem e como essas alterações impactam a vulnerabilidade da população é um desafio, pois essas alterações ocorrem em amplas escalas espaciais e temporais. Assim, o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta capaz de integrar informações físicas, ambientais e socioeconômicas, em diferentes escalas e resoluções torna-se essencial para a compreensão do processo. Mais importante que o desenvolvimento da ferramenta é saber analisar de forma conjunta as informações geradas. Dessa forma, este trabalho visa descrever a metodologia em desenvolvimento no Sistema de Alerta Precoce contra Seca e Desertificação – SAP, bem como analisar, por meio de cruzamento de informações relacionadas à degradação/desertificação do solo, a vulnerabilidade da população ante a essas alterações. O objetivo é facilitar e agilizar a análise dos tomadores de decisão de maneira a permitir tomadas de decisões em áreas onde ambos os processos estejam ocorrendo de forma mais acelerada

Observation of a new Ξb−\Xi_b^- resonance

International audienceFrom samples of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at s=7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.0, 2.0 and 1.5  fb-1, respectively, a peak in both the Λb0K- and Ξb0π- invariant mass spectra is observed. In the quark model, radially and orbitally excited Ξb- resonances with quark content bds are expected. Referring to this peak as Ξb(6227)-, the mass and natural width are measured to be mΞb(6227)-=6226.9±2.0±0.3±0.2  MeV/c2 and ΓΞb(6227)-=18.1±5.4±1.8  MeV/c2, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third, on mΞb(6227)-, is due to the knowledge of the Λb0 baryon mass. Relative production rates of the Ξb(6227)-→Λb0K- and Ξb(6227)-→Ξb0π- decays are also reported

Observation of Bs0→D‾∗0ϕB_s^0 \to \overline{D}^{*0} \phi and search for B0→D‾0ϕB^0 \to \overline{D}^0 \phi decays

International audienceThe first observation of the Bs0→D¯*0ϕ decay is reported, with a significance of more than seven standard deviations, from an analysis of pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3  fb-1, collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The branching fraction is measured relative to that of the topologically similar decay B0→D¯0π+π- and is found to be B(Bs0→D¯*0ϕ)=(3.7±0.5±0.3±0.2)×10-5, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third from the branching fraction of the B0→D¯0π+π- decay. The fraction of longitudinal polarization in this decay is measured to be fL=(73±15±4)%. The most precise determination of the branching fraction for the Bs0→D¯0ϕ decay is also obtained, B(Bs0→D¯0ϕ)=(3.0±0.3±0.2±0.2)×10-5. An upper limit, B(B0→D¯0ϕ)<2.0 (2.3)×10-6 at 90% (95%) confidence level is set. A constraint on the ω-ϕ mixing angle δ is set at |δ|<5.2° (5.5°) at 90% (95%) confidence level