Problemas de terminología en estudios realizados acerca de "lo que el alumno sabe" sobre ciencias

In this paper we have carried out a bibliographic review of the terms currently used by science education researchers to describe «pupils' knowledge» of Science. Further, we have analised their meanings from the perspective of the methodological framework used and have offered our own proposal, as a result of that review, so as to reach a consensus on both the terminology and the possible range of meanings to bt: used. It must be pointed out that we have excluded those studies which discuss "pupils' knowledge" from a purely psychological perspective because of the enormous amount of bibliography on this topic

Fluoride Dentifrice Overcomes the Lower Resistance of Fluorotic Enamel to Demineralization

We evaluated if the low resistance of fluorotic enamel to demineralization could be overcome by fluoride dentifrice (FD) treatment. Paired enamel slabs of sound and fluorotic enamel (n = 20/group) from human teeth presenting Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TF) scores from 0 to 4 were obtained. Half of the anatomic surface of the enamel slabs was isolated and used as a control (baseline) regarding enamel mineralization and fluoride concentration. The slabs were submitted to a pH-cycling model simulating a high cariogenic challenge, and 2×/day they were treated with placebo dentifrice (PD) or FD (1,100 µg F/g, as NaF). After 10 days, the slabs were cut into two halves. Enamel demineralization was evaluated by cross-sectional microhardness in one half, and the fluoride formed (FF) concentration was determined in the other half. For statistical analysis, the data on net demineralization area (ΔΔS) and FF (µg F/g) were grouped into TF0, TF1–2, and TF3–4, and analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α = 5%). The factors studied were TF (0, 1–2, and 3–4) and dentifrice treatment (PD or FD). The effect of the factors was statistically significant for ΔΔS and FF (p TF1–2 > TF0 (p 0.05) when FD was used. Regarding FF, the groups treated with PD did not differ (p > 0.05), but the greatest (p < 0.05) FF concentration was found in group TF3–4 treated with FD. These findings suggest that the higher susceptibility of fluorotic enamel to demineralization lesions is decreased by the use of FD

Tumores en ganado ovino sacrificado en matadero

Trabajo presentado al: XL Congreso Nacional y el XVI Congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Española de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia. (Castellón de la Plana, España, 16-18 septiembre 2015).Peer Reviewe

Análisis de los factores formadores y distribución de los suelos en la Sierra del Rayo (Granada)

Se realiza un análisis del medio físico: Relieve, Material original y Clima de los suelos que existen en la Sierra del Rayo, así como una cartografía detallada de los mismos, expresando las unidades de suelo que se contemplan en la zona.It has been made an analysis of the Physical medium (relief, parent material and climate) on the soils of Sierra del Rayo (Granada), which its detailed cartography, expressing also the soil units which appear in the zone

Evaluation of Risk and Preventive Factors for Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Newborns. A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition related to prematurity and the initiation of enteral feeding. In this article, we review the evidence published in recent years on necrotizing enterocolitis risk factors (prematurity, feeding with low-weight formula, existence of intestinal dysbiosis) and protective factors (human milk or donated milk supply, supplementation of human milk with oligosaccharides, probiotics administration, and the determination of disease predictive biomarkers). A systematic review was conducted of preventive, risk and predictive factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates prior to 37 weeks’ gestational age, based on a literature search for clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews published betweenJanuary2018andOctober2021.Forthispurpose,thePubMed,MEDLINE,and Cochrane Library databases were consulted. The literature search obtained 113 articles, of which 19 were selected for further analysis after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The conclusions drawn from this analysis were that adequate knowledge of risk factors that can be prevented or modified (such as alteration of the intestinal microbiota, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction at birth, or alteration of the immunity modulation) can reduce the incidence of NEC in premature infants. These factors include the supplementation of enteral nutrition with human milk oligosaccharides (with prebiotic and immunomodulatory effects), the combined administration of probiotics (especially the Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp combination, which inhibits bacterial adhesion effects, improves the intestinal mucosa barrier function, strengthens the innate and adaptive immune system and increases the secretion of bioactive metabolites), the supplementation of human milk with lactoferrin and the use of donated milk fortified in accordance with the characteristics of the premature newborn. The determination of factors that can predict the existence of NEC, such as fecal calprotectin, increased TLR4 activity, and IL6 receptor, can lead to an early diagnosis of NEC. Although further studies should be conducted to determine the values of predictive biomarkers of NEC, and/or the recommended doses and strains of probiotics, lactoferrin or oligosaccharides, the knowledge acquired in recent years is encouraging

ACTUACIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA EN UN SERVICIO DE NEUROFISIOLOGÍA CLÍNICA.

From the Neurophysiology Clinical Service of Nursing we considered necessary standarization the activities that we made in the office of nursing neurophysiology. In the development our reflection we carried a standarization and protocol the activities test that we made in our service. This clinical test are, Evoked potentials auditory; somatosensory evoked potentials; EEG… In our center, the nursing formation that has received has carried out thanks to a program adaptation to the service. The nursing demands continued and complementary formation that at the present time cannot cover.Desde enfermería del servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica nos planteamos la necesidad de estandarizar y protocolizar las actividades que realizamos en la consulta. El objetivo general de este estudio es justificar la necesidad de normalizar las actividades y técnicas realizadas por el personal de enfermería en el Servicio de Neurofisiología. En el desarrollo de nuestra reflexión llevamos a cabo una protocolización de las pruebas diagnósticas que realizamos en nuestro servicio, que son las siguientes: Electroencefalograma, Potenciales Evocados auditivos, visuales y somatosensoriales. En lo referente a la formación médica en la especialidad de Neurofisiología clínica, está totalmente establecida. Pero con referencia a la enfermería, nuestra profesión carece totalmente de formación específica o de postgrado. En nuestro centro la formación que han recibido las enfermeras se ha llevado a cabo gracias a un programa de adaptación al servicio. Si bien es cierto que de este modo la enfermera está técnicamente preparada para llevar a cabo su actividad en el servicio, tiene una gran carencia de conocimientos teóricos. De manera que el personal de enfermería demanda urgentemente formación continuada y complementaria que hoy por hoy no puede cubrir. La enfermera debe acogerse a su responsabilidad en el código deontológico de enfermería. Por ello, proponemos cursos de formación especializada, así como una definición más clara de las responsabilidades de Enfermería en nuestro ámbito

Thermal stability of N-(a ±-amino-dodecyl)-benzotriazole

N-(α-amino-alkyl)-benzotriazole, a derivative of Benzotriazole (BTZ), was synthesized via a Mannich reaction addition. The chemical characterization shows that when C19H32N4supramolecule is subjected to heating process the covalent bonds of aminal carbon are broken, modifying supramolecule structure, this results in a rearrangement to the structure dodecan ammonium-1-benzotriazol-1-ate, [BTZ- amine12+].Quantum chemical calculations based on DFT method were performed on the C19H32N4 molecule. The results show that in a derivative of BTZ exists a weak bond where its break may occur

Análisis de los factores formadores y distribución de los suelos en la Sierra del Rayo (Granada)

It has been made an analysis of the Physical medium (relief, parent material and climate) on the soils of Sierra del Rayo (Granada), which its detailed cartography, expressing also the soil units which appear in the zone.Se realiza un análisis del medio físico: Relieve, Material original y Clima de los suelos que existen en la Sierra del Rayo, así como una cartografía detallada de los mismos, expresando las unidades de suelo que se contemplan en la zona

Ultrasonography detection of pregnancy in outdoor iberian sows

In a flock of pure Iberian sows, with outdoor breeding and total freedom, ultrasonography detection of pregnancy length is studied (11.1±0.6 seconds), according to pregnancy or not pregnancy (9.7 vs 20.4 seconds). Also, possible influence of cycle number is analysed. By other side permanence of ear tags after a year is valued (99.5%). Results show that indoor and intensive production is not justified in order to attain more reproductive control.En un rebaño de cerdas Ibéricas puras, criadas en régimen de total libertad (sin empleo de jaulas), se estudia el tiempo empleado en el diagnóstico de gestación con ecógrafo (11,1±0,6 segundos por cerda), se analiza la duración del diagnóstico dependiendo de si hay preñez o no (9,7 vs 20,4 segundos) y la posible influencia del número de ciclo. Por otra parte se valora la permanencia de los crotales de identificación individual tras un año (99,5%). Los resultados indican que la intensificación de la producción en esta raza no está justificada por la consecución de un mayor control reproductivo