Proceso de causación entre el gasto en educación y la pobreza en México 1992-2012

Existen muchos problemas en los países de economías emergentes, tanto el crecimiento económico como problemas de desigualdad y pobreza en México, actualmente existen muchos factores que afectan la pobreza de un país, la cual esta intrínsecamente relacionada con el crecimiento económico, por lo tanto, priorizamos conocer cuál es una de las principales variantes por las cuales hacen que la pobreza se siga perpetuando, es por ello que se busca ver cómo afecta la educación a la pobreza en las zonas rural y urbana en México en los años 1992 a 2012. Precisamente se elige la educación debido a que nos encontramos situados en tal posición en la que la educación es la oportunidad de la población para romper con los “círculos viciosos de la pobreza” en donde existen teorías las cuales nos dicen que la pobreza causa la falta de educación y la falta de educación causa la pobreza, lo que conocemos como proceso de causación. (Nurkse: 1953). Donde buscamos analizar si están relacionados el gasto en la educación en México y la pobreza alimentaria ya sea en las zonas urbanas o rurales del país, en base a regresiones que estimen que tanto explica una variable a la otra y como se relacionan. En base a las adecuaciones de los resultados por las regresiones estimadas llegamos a diversas conclusiones cuando las variables entran en el modelo como valores cuadráticos o logarítmicos, Donde también se busca verificar como afecta el ingreso corriente de las familias en la pobreza rural y urbana, y sus efectos mediante regresiones y comparar el impacto del ingreso corriente de las familias y el gasto ejercido en educación en la pobreza rural y urbana en base a regresiones econométricas, explicadas en relación con el gasto ejercido en alimentación o capacidades, dentro de zonas urbana o rural

EL EMPODERAMIENTO FEMENINO Y SU IMPACTO SOCIAL Y ECONÓMICO EN MÉXICO DE 2000 A 2015

Nos hemos estado dado cuenta y aceptando que cada vez son más las mujeres que toman poder en muchos ámbitos, como es el político, el social, el económico y en la vida personal o cotidiana, esto es lo que se conoce como empoderamiento femenino, esto no es un hecho alarmante, sino con grandes beneficios para la sociedad en general, pues genera bienestar social no solo para las mujeres que lo hacen sino para el entorno en el cual se desarrolla. Cuando es un empoderamiento económico se genera una mayor dinámica en la economía, pues los integrantes de toda la economía de un país trabajan en sinergia lo cual nos acarrea mejoras. Todo esto de la inclusión de la mujer tanto en naciones como en empresas es un cambio social importante, pues dejamos de lado la discriminación y nos atrevemos a trabajar en equipo aprovechando así las capacidades diferentes de ambos sexos. Con el análisis de las variables como el Producto Interno Bruto y la Población Económicamente Activa total para hombres y mujeres nos podremos dar cuenta de la relación que existen entre estas variables, de la participación de cada género en los sectores de la economía a través del tiempo, las variaciones y participación de hombre y mujeres como personal remunerado y administrativo, contable y de dirección

The perception of the postconflict in the inhabitants of the municipality of Vistahermosa, Meta department

El municipio de Vistahermosa (Meta) Colombia, hasta antes de la firma del acuerdo de paz con la antigua guerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) fue víctima de atrocidades por parte de esa guerrilla. Con esta investigación se pretende conocer la percepción de justicia, seguridad e inversión social que tiene la población residente en el casco urbano de Vistahermosa entre los años 2016-2018 y establecer si se han fortalecido las competencias ciudadanas y la reconstrucción social de este municipio mediante la enseñanza de la constitución a los niños del casco urbano. Para el grupo de investigación ABOGADOS SOLIDARIOS, la percepción de los habitantes de Vistahermosa es de una justicia lenta. La inversión social y la prestación de servicios públicos como vivienda, salud, educación e infraestructura tampoco han sido suficientes. El aporte desde la academia se llevará a cabo a través del conocimiento de competencias ciudadanas mediante la enseñanza de la constitución a una población determinada.The municipality of Vistahermosa (Meta) Colombia, even before the signing of the peace agreement with the former guerrilla of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), was a victim of atrocities by that guerrilla. This research is intended to know the perception of justice, security and social investment that the population living in the urban area of Vistahermosa has between the years 2016-2018 and to establish if citizen competences and the social reconstruction of this municipality have been strengthened through the teaching of the constitution to the children of the urban helmet. For the research group SOLIDARITY LAWYERS, the perception of the inhabitants of Vistahermosa is one of slow justice. Social investment and the provision of public services such as housing, health, education and infrastructure have not been enough either. The contribution from the academy will be carried out through the knowledge of civic competences by teaching the constitution to a specific populatio

POSEIDON Project: Objectives and Preliminary Results

[Abstract] This paper is presenting preliminary results dealing with the ongoing three-year project POSEIDON (imProving underwater cOoperative manipulation by meanS of lEarnIng, augmenteD reality and wIreless cOmmunicatioNs). In fact, this Project is a sub-project inside of a bigger one, COOPERAMOS (COOPErative Resident Robots for Autonomous ManipulatiOn Subsea). The aim and specific objectives of this project are presented, as well as some preliminary results on Simulation, HRI, and communications.[Resumen] Este documento presenta los resultados preliminares relacionados con el proyecto POSEIDON (mejora de la manipulación cooperativa subacuática mediante el aprendizaje, la realidad aumentada y las comunicaciones inalámbricas), que tiene una duración de tres años y está en curso. De hecho, este Proyecto es un subproyecto dentro de uno más grande, COOPERAMOS (COOPerativos Residentes de robots para la Manipulación Autónoma Submarina). Se presentan los objetivos de este proyecto, así como algunos resultados preliminares sobre Simulación, HRI y comunicaciones.Funded by PID2020-115332RBC31 (COOPERAMOS), IDIFEDER/2018/013 (GV), UJI-B2021-30 (AUDAZ) and EU H2020-Peacetolero-NFRP-2019-2020-04 projects.https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749841

Stem cell niche organization in the Drosophila ovary requires the ECM component Perlecan.

Stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments or niches that balance stem cell proliferation and differentiation.1,2 The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of most niches, because it controls niche homeostasis, provides physical support, and conveys extracellular signals.3-11 Basement membranes (BMs) are thin ECM sheets that are constituted mainly by Laminins, Perlecan, Collagen IV, and Entactin/Nidogen and surround epithelia and other tissues.12 Perlecans are secreted proteoglycans that interact with ECM proteins, ligands, receptors, and growth factors such as FGF, PDGF, VEGF, Hedgehog, and Wingless.13-18 Thus, Perlecans have structural and signaling functions through the binding, storage, or sequestering of specific ligands. We have used the Drosophila ovary to assess the importance of Perlecan in the functioning of a stem cell niche. Ovarioles in the adult ovary are enveloped by an ECM sheath and possess a tapered structure at their anterior apex termed the germarium. The anterior tip of the germarium hosts the germline niche, where two to four germline stem cells (GSCs) reside together with a few somatic cells: terminal filament cells (TFCs), cap cells (CpCs), and escort cells (ECs).19 We report that niche architecture in the developing gonad requires trol, that niche cells secrete an isoform-specific Perlecan-rich interstitial matrix, and that DE-cadherin-dependent stem cell-niche adhesion necessitates trol. Hence, we provide evidence to support a structural role for Perlecan in germline niche establishment during larval stages and in the maintenance of a normal pool of stem cells in the adult niche

Factors Associated with Postpartum Sexual Dysfunction in Spanish Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

(1) Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has a high prevalence globally, and perinatal factors favor FSD, especially in the postpartum period. The aim was to determine the prevalence and factors influencing FSD in the postpartum period; (2) Methods: An observational study carried out in three primary care centers in southern Spain, with women in the postpartum period who had a single low-risk birth. One hundred and seventeen women answered the Female Sexual Function questionnaire during the 4th month postpartum, between January 2020 and December 2021. Sociodemographic, obstetric, neonatal variables and level of self-esteem were analyzed. A multiple logistic regression model was carried out; (3) Results: 78.4% had high level of self-esteem. FSD prevalence was 89.7%. Factors related to FSD were having an instrumental vaginal delivery, women with university studies, and prenatal preparation. Maternal age ≥ 35, multiparity, pathological processes in the child, a medium–low level of self-esteem and newborn weight were associated with disorders in some of domains of sexual function; (4) Conclusions: FSD is highly prevalent in the postpartum period and is associated with preventable factors. A preventive approach by health professionals to these factors is essential. Health services should implement postpartum follow-up programs, which may coincide in time and place with newborn follow-up programs

Preference for Exercise vs. More Sedentary Reinforcers: Validation of an Animal Model of Tetrabenazine-Induced Anergia

Physical activities can have intrinsic motivational or reinforcing properties. The choice to engage in voluntary physical activity is undertaken in relation to the selection of other alternatives, such as sedentary behaviors, drugs, or food intake. The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system plays a critical role in behavioral activation or exertion of effort, and DA antagonism or depletion induces anergia in effort-based decision-making tasks. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying the decision-making processes that establish preferences for sedentary vs. activity-based reinforcers. In the present work with male CD1 mice, we evaluated the effect of tetrabenazine (TBZ), a DA-depleting agent, on a three-choice T-maze task developed to assess preference between reinforcers with different behavioral activation requirements and sensory properties [i.e., a running wheel (RW) vs. sweet pellets or a neutral nonsocial odor]. We also studied the effects of TBZ on the forced swim test (FST), which measures climbing and swimming in a stressful setting, and on anxiety tests [dark-light (DL) box and elevated plus maze (EPM)]. In the three-choice task, TBZ reduced time running in the wheel but increased time spent consuming sucrose, thus indicating reduced activation but relatively intact sucrose reinforcement. The effect of TBZ was not mimicked by motivational manipulations that change the value of the reinforcers, such as making the RW aversive or harder to move, food-restricting the animals, inducing a binge-like eating pattern, or introducing social odors. In the FST, TBZ decreased time climbing (most active behavior) and increased immobility but did not affect anxiety in the DL or EPM. These results indicate that the three-choice T-maze task could be useful for assessing DA modulation of preferences for exercise based on activation and effort requirements, differentiating those effects from changes in preference produced by altering physical requirements, food restriction state, and stress during testing

Social cartography and satellite-derived building coverage for post-census population estimates in difficult-to-access regions of Colombia

Effective government services rely on accurate population numbers to allocate resources. In Colombia and globally, census enumeration is challenging in remote regions and where armed conflict is occurring. During census preparations, the Colombian National Administrative Department of Statistics conducted social cartography workshops, where community representatives estimated numbers of dwellings and people throughout their regions. We repurposed this information, combining it with remotely sensed buildings data and other geospatial data. To estimate building counts and population sizes, we developed hierarchical Bayesian models, trained using nearby full-coverage census enumerations and assessed using 10-fold cross-validation. We compared models to assess the relative contributions of community knowledge, remotely sensed buildings, and their combination to model fit. The Community model was unbiased but imprecise; the Satellite model was more precise but biased; and the Combination model was best for overall accuracy. Results reaffirmed the power of remotely sensed buildings data for population estimation and highlighted the value of incorporating local knowledge

Improved metal-graphene contacts for low-noise, high-density microtransistor arrays for neural sensing

Poor metal contact interfaces are one of the main limitations preventing unhampered access to the full potential of two-dimensional materials in electronics. Here we present graphene solution-gated field-effect-transistors (gSGFETs) with strongly improved linearity, homogeneity and sensitivity for small sensor sizes, resulting from ultraviolet ozone (UVO) contact treatment. The contribution of channel and contact region to the total device conductivity and flicker noise is explored experimentally and explained with a theoretical model. Finally, in-vitro recordings of flexible microelectrocorticography (μ-ECoG) probes were performed to validate the superior sensitivity of the UVO-treated gSGFET to brain-like activity. These results connote an important step towards the fabrication of high-density gSGFET μ-ECoG arrays with state-of-the-art sensitivity and homogeneity, thus demonstrating the potential of this technology as a versatile platform for the new generation of neural interfaces