Habilidades blandas para el trabajo en equipo en estudiantes del cuarto grado de primaria de una Institución Educativa Urrunaga

El título de la investigación es Habilidades blandas para el trabajo en equipo en los estudiantes del cuarto grado de educación primaria, Urrunaga. El objetivo general es diseñar una propuesta de un programa en habilidades blandas para el trabajo en equipo en estudiantes del cuarto grado de una institución educativa, Urrunaga. La metodología empleada fue de tipo básica- no experimental y propositiva. La población estuvo conformada por 30 estudiantes quienes también constituyeron la muestra de estudio. Se empleó la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento aplicado fue un cuestionario con 30 ítems sobre el trabajo en equipo, con respuestas de escala ordinal del 1 al 4, el nivel de confiabilidad fue de 0,95. La validez del contenido fue realizada por tres expertos. Se procesaron los datos con el programa Excel, 2016. De los resultados obtenidos se elaboró una propuesta denominada Programa de Habilidades blandas para el trabajo en equipo, de las cuales se elaboraron 10 sesiones que atienden a las dimensiones de empatía, resolución de conflictos y comunicación e inteligencia emocional

Consultoría integral en una empresa fabricante de muebles de diseño en el municipio de Zapotlanejo

ITESO, A.C

« Orfeas orfanèlas » (Orphées orphelines) ou les musiques au féminin "Orfeas orfanèlas": women and music

Les femmes ont longtemps été exclues du monde musical et de ses représentations. Et pourtant, dès lors que l’on s’efforce de lire entre les lignes de la portée, on se rend compte que, bien que trop souvent occultées, elles sont omniprésentes : muses ou egerias bien sûr, mais aussi souvent serenas (sirènes), pionnières ou fadetas liuras (fées libres), poétesses, chansonnières, chanteuses, musiciennes, sans oublier que depuis longtemps le chant et la musique constituent des armes de revendication féministe. L’objectif du colloque consiste à mettre en lumière et à mieux faire connaître tous les espaces, les lieux, les moments ou les circonstances liés à la musique, où la présence féminine est primordiale, ainsi qu’à présenter certaines figures incontournables des musiques au féminin, en insistant sur tout le combat qu’elles ont dû ou doivent encore mener pour arriver à s’exprimer face à un milieu professionnel ou amateur encore relativement machiste

Seroprevalence of IgA and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 and Risk Factors in Workers from Public Markets of Guatemala

Public market workers may be disproportionally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 due to interactions with shoppers. We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and determine whether occupation or adherence to preventive practices were associated with exposure. From July to December 2021, we longitudinally surveyed two Guatemalan markets twice. We collected blood to detect anti-S IgA, anti-S IgG, and anti-N IgG using ELISA, and a nasopharyngeal swab to detect SARS-CoV-2 using rRT-PCR. We estimated seroprevalences and assessed associations using generalized estimating equations. Of 229 workers, 109 (48%) participated in the first survey and 87 (38%) in the second. At baseline, 77% were female, 64% were aged <40, and 81% were vendors. Overall, the seroprevalence increased between surveys (61% to 89% for anti-S IgA, 53% to 91% for anti-S IgG, and 22% to 29% for anti-N IgG), but the magnitude differed by vaccination status and antibody type. The prevalence of infections decreased from 13% to 1% and most were asymptomatic. Vendor occupation was associated with IgA and IgG anti-S in males but not females. Using a mask was a protective measure. Most market workers had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, possibly through asymptomatic individuals. Masking is a protective measure to be prioritized during high transmission

Inverse association between dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus infection and indicators of household air pollution in Santa Rosa, Guatemala: A case-control study, 2011-2018.

BackgroundDengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses are increasingly important public health problems. Burning vegetation, leaves, and other plant products have been shown to be effective mosquito repellents for their vector, Aedes spp., but there has been scant research on whether firewood cooking smoke in households influences mosquito populations or mosquito-borne diseases. About 2.9 billion people worldwide use biomass fuel for household cooking and heating, resulting in an estimated 1.6 million deaths annually from household air pollution (HAP)-related diseases. Global health agencies now encourage households to transition from biomass to clean fuels, but it is unclear whether such interventions may actually increase risk for mosquito-borne diseases. This retrospective case-control study evaluated associations between arboviral infections and cooking with firewood in Santa Rosa, Guatemala.MethodVigilancia Integrada Comunitaria (VICo) was a prospective public health surveillance system for bacterial, parasitic, and viral causes of diarrheal, neurological, respiratory, and febrile illnesses in hospitals and clinics in the department of Santa Rosa, Guatemala. Enrolled VICo in-patients and out-patients during 2011-2018 were interviewed using standardized questionnaires on demographics and household characteristics. Blood and stool specimens were collected and tested to identify the etiologies presenting symptoms. Cases were defined as laboratory-positive for dengue, chikungunya, or Zika virus infections. Controls were laboratory-positive for bacterial and viral diarrheal illnesses (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, or astrovirus). Cooking with firewood, kitchen location, stove type, and firewood cooking frequency were the independent exposure variables. Logistic regression models were used to analyze unadjusted and adjusted associations between arboviral infections and exposures of interest.ResultThere were 311 arboviral cases and 1,239 diarrheal controls. Arboviral infections were inversely associated with cooking with firewood in the main house (AOR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08-0.57), cooking with firewood on an open hearth (AOR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.33-0.78), and cooking with firewood ≥5 times per week (AOR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.36-0.81), adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status index, number of people per household, community population density, community elevation, recruitment location, season, and admission year.ConclusionSeveral primary determinants of HAP exposure were inversely associated with arboviral infections. Additional studies are needed to understand whether interventions to reduce HAP might actually increase risk for mosquito-borne infectious diseases, which would warrant improved education and mosquito control efforts in conjunction with fuel interventions

Incidence and clinical profile of norovirus disease in Guatemala, 2008-2013

Background Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a leading infectious cause of morbidity worldwide, particularly among children in developing countries. With the decline of rotavirus disease rates following introduction of rotavirus vaccines, the relative importance of norovirus will likely increase. Our objectives in this study were to determine the incidence and clinical profile of norovirus disease in Guatemala. Methods We analyzed data from a population-based surveillance study conducted in Guatemala from 2008 through 2013. Demographic information, clinical data, and stool samples were collected from patients who presented with AGE (≥3 liquid stools within 24 hours that initiated 7 days before presentation). Estimated incidence of hospitalized, outpatient, and total community norovirus disease was calculated using surveillance data and household surveys of healthcare use. Results We included 999 AGE hospitalizations and 3189 AGE outpatient visits at facilities, of which 164 (16%) and 370 (12%), respectively, were positive for norovirus. Severity of norovirus was milder than of rotavirus. Community incidence of norovirus ranged from 2068 to 4954 per 100000 person-years (py) in children aged<5 years. Children aged <5 years also had higher incidence of norovirus-associated hospitalization (51-105 per 100000 py) compared with patients aged ≥5 years (0-1.6 per 100000 py and 49-80 per 100000 py, respectively). Conclusions This study highlights the burden of norovirus disease in Guatemala, especially among young children. These data can help prioritize development of control strategies, including the potential use of vaccines, and provide a baseline to evaluate the impact of such interventions

Pentamidine antagonizes the benznidazole's effect in vitro, and lacks of synergy in vivo: Implications about the polyamine transport as an anti-Trypanosoma cruzi target

Benznidazole is the first-line drug used in treating Chagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). However, benznidazole has limited efficacy and several adverse reactions. Pentamidine is an antiprotozoal drug used in the treatment of leishmaniasis and African trypanosomiasis. In T. cruzi, pentamidine blocks the transport of putrescine, a precursor of trypanothione, which constitutes an essential molecule in the resistance of T. cruzi to benznidazole. In the present study, we describe the effect of the combination of benznidazole and pentamidine on isolated parasites, mammalian cells and in mice infected with T. cruzi. In isolated trypomastigotes, we performed a dose-matrix scheme of combinations, where pentamidine antagonized the effect of benznidazole, mainly at concentrations below the EC50 of pentamidine. In T. cruzi-infected mammalian cells, pentamidine reversed the effect of benznidazole (measured by qPCR). In comparison, in infected BALB/c mice, pentamidine failed to get synergy with benznidazole, measured on mice survival, parasitemia and amastigote nest quantification. To further explain the in vitro antagonism, we explored whether pentamidine affects intracellular trypanothione levels, however, pentamidine produced no change in trypanothione concentrations. Finally, the T. cruzi polyamine permease (TcPAT12) was overexpressed in epimastigotes, showing that pentamidine has the same trypanocidal effect, independently of transporter expression levels. These results suggest that, in spite of the high potency in the putrescine transport blockade, TcPAT12 permease is not the main target of pentamidine, and could explain the lack of synergism between pentamidine and benznidazole.Fil: Seguel, Verónica. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Castro, Lorena. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Reigada, Chantal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Cortes, Leonel. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Díaz, María V.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Miranda, Mariana Reneé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Claudio Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas; ArgentinaFil: Lapier, Michel. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Campos Estrada, Carolina. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Morello, Antonio. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Kemmerling, Ulrike. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Maya, Juan D.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: López Muñoz, Rodrigo. Universidad de Chile; Chil

Seroprevalence of high incidence congenital infections among pregnant women in Coatepeque, Guatemala and surrounding areas, 2017-2018.

Maternal infections during pregnancy can potentially cause birth defects and severe adverse effects in infants. From 2017 to 2018, we investigated the seroprevalence of five antibodies among 436 mother-infant pairs enrolled in a pregnancy cohort study in Coatepeque, Guatemala. Upon enrollment (< 20 weeks gestational age) and shortly after delivery, we measured the prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in mothers and newborns and used rapid tests to detect HIV and syphilis (Treponema pallidum) in mothers. The mean cohort age was 24.5 years. Maternal T. gondii IgM and IgG seropositivity was 1.9% and 69.7%, respectively. No women were positive for HIV, syphilis, or rubella IgM. Maternal rubella IgG seropositivity was 80.8% and significantly increased with age. Maternal CMV IgM and IgG seropositivity were 2.3% and 99.5%, respectively. Of the 323 women tested at both timepoints, IgM reactivation occurred in one woman for T. gondii infection and in eight for CMV. No newborn was seropositive for CMV IgM or rubella IgM. One newborn was seropositive for T. gondii IgM. Congenital T. gondii and CMV infections are important public health issues for pregnant women, newborns, and healthcare providers in Coatepeque and Guatemala