Microstructure–hardness–corrosion performance of 17–4 precipitation hardening stainless steels processed by selective laser melting in comparison with commercial alloy

Producción CientíficaThe 17–4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (PH SS) manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has wide appli- cation perspectives, but they are limited due to defects and anisotropy. The selection of the appropriate process variables plays a fundamental part in the microstructure and in the determination of the final mechanical and corrosion properties. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the corrosion behavior, hardness and microstructure of 17–4 PH SS manufac- tured by SLM in comparison to the commercial counterparts. The anisotropic behavior was investigated by analyzing the microstructure–hardness and corrosion interrelationship, both in the surface of the construction platform and in the growth direction of the element. The corrosion behavior of the SLM 17–4PH SS in its natural state was investigated in relation to that of the 17–4 PH SS heat treated in a 0.1 M NaCl + 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 solution, using three electrochemical techniques. The results confirmed that the corrosion resistance of SLM 17–4 PH SS was considerably better than that of the forging, even after 60 days of immersion in the test solution. This was attributed to the absence of important manufacturing defects, to the fine microstructure with an important amount of austenite produced by SLM, and to a small amount of non-metallic inclusions precipitated as a result of the fast cooling and the high speed of solidification associated with the SLM process.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (grant RTI2018-097990-B-I00)Junta de Castilla y León (VA275P18) y (VA044G19)Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Microstructure–Hardness–Corrosion Performance of 17–4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels Processed by Selective Laser Melting in Comparison with Commercial Alloy

[EN] The 17–4 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (PH SS) manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has wide application perspectives, but they are limited due to defects and anisotropy. The selection of the appropriate process variables plays a fundamental part in the microstructure and in the determination of the final mechanical and corrosion properties. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the corrosion behavior, hardness and microstructure of 17–4 PH SS manufactured by SLM in comparison to the commercial counterparts. The anisotropic behavior was investigated by analyzing the microstructure–hardness and corrosion interrelationship, both in the surface of the construction platform and in the growth direction of the element. The corrosion behavior of the SLM 17–4PH SS in its natural state was investigated in relation to that of the 17–4 PH SS heat treated in a 0.1 M NaCl + 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, using three electrochemical techniques. The results confirmed that the corrosion resistance of SLM 17–4 PH SS was considerably better than that of the forging, even after 60 days of immersion in the test solution. This was attributed to the absence of important manufacturing defects, to the fine microstructure with an important amount of austenite produced by SLM, and to a small amount of non-metallic inclusions precipitated as a result of the fast cooling and the high speed of solidification associated with the SLM process.SIJunta de Castilla y Leon (VA275P18) y (VA044G19)

Does the feeding strategy enhance the aerobic granular sludge stability treating saline effluents?

The development and stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was studied in two Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBRs) treating fish canning wastewater. R1 cycle comprised a fully aerobic reaction phase, while R2 cycle included a plug-flow anaerobic feeding/reaction followed by an aerobic reaction phase. The performance of the AGS reactors was compared treating the same effluents with variable salt concentrations (4.97e13.45 g NaCl/L) and organic loading rates (OLR, 1.80e6.65 kg CODs/(m3 $d)). Granulation process was faster in R2 (day 34) than in R1 (day 90), however the granular biomass formed in the fully aerobic configuration was more stable to the variable feeding composition. Thus, in R1 solid retention times (SRT), up to 15.2 days, longer than in R2, up to 5.8 days, were achieved. These long SRTs values helped the retention of nitrifying organisms and provoked the increase of the nitrogen removal efficiency to 80% in R1 while it was approximately of 40% in R2. However, the presence of an anaerobic feeding/reaction phase increased the organic matter removal efficiency in R2 (80e90%) which was higher than in R1 with a fully aerobic phase (75e85%). Furthermore, in R2 glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) dominated inside the granules instead of phosphorous-accumulating organisms (PAOs), suggesting that GAOs resist better the stressful conditions of a variable and high-saline influent. In terms of AGS properties an anaerobic feeding/ reaction phase is not beneficial, however it enables the production of a better quality effluentThis research has been financed by the Spanish Government (AEI) through the projects GRANDSEA (CTM2014-55397-JIN) and TREASURE (CTQ2017-83225-C2-1-R), and by the European Commission (EU) through the LIFE project SEACAN (LIFE14ENV/ES/000852). The authors from the USC belong to the GRC ED431C 2017/29 and CRETUS (ED431E 2018/01). All these programs are co-financed by FEDER (EU) fundsS

Marca-país: identidad nacional argentina

En el presente trabajo se abordará la temática sobre la marca, más puntualmente la “marca-país”, haciendo foco en el caso de Argentina. La marca país es el signo más preponderante, lo que se dice marca paraguas. Funciona como respaldo, rubrica, marca, sella, legitima y prestigia todo lo que por debajo de ella se ubica. La marca país es un símbolo unívoco de la nacionalidad, y para que así sea debe ser socialmente transversal, debe representar a todos. La experiencia en el proceso de creación y gestión de la estrategia de marca país en Argentina tuvo su origen en el contexto marcado por la grave crisis económica, social y política en la que se vio inmersa entre 2001 y 2002; y fue realizada con el fin de respaldar la imagen del país. La creación de la marca país en Latinoamérica tiene una relevancia aún mayor que en el resto del mundo, ya que se presenta como una herramienta de reposicionamiento a nivel global, y en los países que conforman Hispanoamérica existen constantes pujas entre los grupos mediáticos existentes y limitaciones político-económicas más notorias y particularmente fuertes. Este hecho hace que la vigencia de la marca país, la cual debe ser atemporal, se torne temporaria, y por consecuencia, se obtenga una indiferencia social, dejando en perspectiva la falta de identificación por parte de sus habitantes.Mesa F.Facultad de Bellas Arte

Marca-país: identidad nacional argentina

En el presente trabajo se abordará la temática sobre la marca, más puntualmente la “marca-país”, haciendo foco en el caso de Argentina. La marca país es el signo más preponderante, lo que se dice marca paraguas. Funciona como respaldo, rubrica, marca, sella, legitima y prestigia todo lo que por debajo de ella se ubica. La marca país es un símbolo unívoco de la nacionalidad, y para que así sea debe ser socialmente transversal, debe representar a todos. La experiencia en el proceso de creación y gestión de la estrategia de marca país en Argentina tuvo su origen en el contexto marcado por la grave crisis económica, social y política en la que se vio inmersa entre 2001 y 2002; y fue realizada con el fin de respaldar la imagen del país. La creación de la marca país en Latinoamérica tiene una relevancia aún mayor que en el resto del mundo, ya que se presenta como una herramienta de reposicionamiento a nivel global, y en los países que conforman Hispanoamérica existen constantes pujas entre los grupos mediáticos existentes y limitaciones político-económicas más notorias y particularmente fuertes. Este hecho hace que la vigencia de la marca país, la cual debe ser atemporal, se torne temporaria, y por consecuencia, se obtenga una indiferencia social, dejando en perspectiva la falta de identificación por parte de sus habitantes.Mesa F.Facultad de Bellas Arte

Marca-país: identidad nacional argentina

En el presente trabajo se abordará la temática sobre la marca, más puntualmente la “marca-país”, haciendo foco en el caso de Argentina. La marca país es el signo más preponderante, lo que se dice marca paraguas. Funciona como respaldo, rubrica, marca, sella, legitima y prestigia todo lo que por debajo de ella se ubica. La marca país es un símbolo unívoco de la nacionalidad, y para que así sea debe ser socialmente transversal, debe representar a todos. La experiencia en el proceso de creación y gestión de la estrategia de marca país en Argentina tuvo su origen en el contexto marcado por la grave crisis económica, social y política en la que se vio inmersa entre 2001 y 2002; y fue realizada con el fin de respaldar la imagen del país. La creación de la marca país en Latinoamérica tiene una relevancia aún mayor que en el resto del mundo, ya que se presenta como una herramienta de reposicionamiento a nivel global, y en los países que conforman Hispanoamérica existen constantes pujas entre los grupos mediáticos existentes y limitaciones político-económicas más notorias y particularmente fuertes. Este hecho hace que la vigencia de la marca país, la cual debe ser atemporal, se torne temporaria, y por consecuencia, se obtenga una indiferencia social, dejando en perspectiva la falta de identificación por parte de sus habitantes.Mesa F.Facultad de Bellas Arte

Cuarentena por COVID-19, factor asociado al consumo de drogas legales en estudiantes de enfermería

Introducción: en la pandemia por COVID-19 se han implementado políticas de salud poco usuales como la cuarentena en la población, modificando entornos sociales, laborales y escolares siendo los jóvenes los más afectados ya que no todos estaban preparados para acatar esas indicaciones, generando estrés o ansiedad, afecciones que generalmente son remediadas por el consumo de drogas psicoactivas como alcohol y tabaco. Objetivo: determinar si la cuarentena por COVID-19, es un factor de consumo de drogas legales en estudiantes de Enfermería. Método: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, correlacional, prospectiva y trasversal, en una muestra de 266 estudiantes de la Licenciatura de Enfermería de la Región Orizaba de la Universidad Veracruzana, con muestreo no probabilístico por cuota. Se aplicó el AUDIT y ASSIST de la OMS. Resultados: 86.1% posee conocimiento alto sobre COVID-19, 63.5% ingirió alcohol en la vida, 30.8% toma de 1 a 2 copas y 93.3% nunca perdió la noción de lo que sucedía. Por otro lado, 59.0% probó tabaco, 16.2% consumieron 1 o 2 veces en tres meses y 100% negó padecer problemas por este hábito. Conclusión: 20.4% son hombres y 79.6% mujeres de distintas edades y semestres, 92.5% no tuvo COVID-19, 53.0% son consumidores ocasionales de alcohol y 29.5% fuman con riesgo bajo, en aquellas personas que tuvieron resultados bajos de conocimiento de COVID-19, aumentó el uso de alcohol (rs= -.121, p <0.05), para el uso de tabaco no hubo cambios; los resultados se contraponen con otros autores.   Introduction: during the COVID-19 pandemic, unusual health policies such as quarantine have been implemented in the population, modifying social, work and school environments, with young people being the most affected since not all of them were prepared to comply with these indications, generating stress or anxiety, conditions that are generally remedied by the consumption of psychoactive drugs such as alcohol and tobacco. Objective: to determine whether COVID-19 quarantine is a factor in the consumption of legal drugs in nursing students. Method: quantitative, descriptive, correlational, prospective and transversal research, in a sample of 266 students of the Nursing Degree of the Orizaba Region of the Universidad Veracruzana, with non-probabilistic sampling by quota. The AUDIT and ASSIST of the WHO were applied. Results: 86.1% had a high knowledge of COVID-19, 63.5% had ingested alcohol in their lifetime, 30.8% had 1 to 2 drinks and 93.3% had never lost track of what was happening. On the other hand, 59.0% tried tobacco, 16.2% consumed 1 or 2 times in three months and 100% denied suffering problems due to this habit. Conclusion: 20.4% are men and 79.6% women of different ages and semesters, 92.5% did not have COVID-19, 53.0% are occasional alcohol consumers and 29.5% smoke with low risk, in those people who had low COVID-19 knowledge results, alcohol use increased (rs= -.121, p <0.05), for tobacco use there were no changes; the results are in contrast with other authors

Needs of patients with multi-morbidity and heart failure for the development of a mHealth to improve their self-management: A qualitative analysis

Objective: To provide practical information regarding needs, preferences of content and format of an app to assist the self-management in patients with multi-morbidity and heart failure (HF). Methods: The three-phase study was conducted in Spain. Six integrative reviews, a qualitative methodology based on Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology through semi-structured interviews and user stories were used. Data collection continued until data saturation was reached. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework approach. Thematic analysis technique following the methods of Braun and Clarke was used for emerging themes. Results: Integrative reviews conducted included practical recommendations to include in the content and format of the App and helped create the interview guide. Interviews revealed 15 subthemes that captured the meaning of narratives offering contextual insights into the development of the App. The main effective mechanisms of multicomponent interventions for patients with HF must contain (a) components that increase the patient's understanding of HF, (b) self-care, (c) self-efficacy and participation of the family/informal caregiver, (4) psychosocial well-being and (5) professional support and use of technology. User stories revealed that patients prioritized improvements in direct contact with health services in case of emergency (90%), nutritional information (70%), type of exercises in order to improve their physical condition (75%) and information about food and drug interaction (60%). The importance of motivation messages (60%) was highlighted by transversal way. Conclusions: The three-phase process integrating theoretical basis, evidence from integrative reviews and research findings from target users has been considered a guide for future app development17 página

Performance and microbial features of the partial nitritation-anammox process treating fish canning wastewater with variable salt concentrations

The partial nitritation-anammox (PN-AMX) process applied to wastewaters with high NaCl concentration was studied until now using simulated media, without considering the effect of organic matter concentration and the shift in microbial populations. This research work presents results on the application of this process to the treatment of saline industrial wastewater. Obtained results indicated that the PN-AMX process has the capability to recover its initial activity after a sudden/acute salt inhibition event (up to 16 g NaCl/L). With a progressive salt concentration increase for 150 days, the PN-AMX process was able to remove the 80% of the nitrogen at 7–9 g NaCl/L. The microbiological data indicated that NaCl and ammonia concentrations and temperature are important factors shaping PN-AMX communities. Thus, the NOB abundance (Nitrospira) decreases with the increase of the salt concentration, while heterotrophic denitrifiers are able to outcompete anammox after a peak of organic matter in the feedingThis work was supported by the Spanish Government through GRANDSEA (CTM2014-55397-JIN) and FISHPOL (CTQ2014-55021-R) projects co-funded by FEDER, and the Chilean Government (CONICYT/FONDAP/15130015). The authors from the USC belong to CRETUS (AGRUP2015/02) and the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC 2013-032), programs co-funded by FEDERS