MODELO PARA ANALISAR O IMPACTO DO CAPITAL SOCIAL SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO EM BOGOTÁ, D.C.

The social capital as an intangible resource, considered an incident factor for the development of the current society. Bogota in recent years has presented an improvement in their indicators in relation to some social factors of coverage and decrease in poverty, not having the same behavior in inequality and social capital and civic life. In theory, this progress should be reflected in a better quality of life more equitable reflected in the whole population, but unfortunately the reality is far from the theory, and it is observed within the majority of the twenty localities that make up the city of Bogotá, D.C. that still many households are in conditions of poverty and the possibilities to overcome it are becoming more scarce, also almost non-existent in some households civic participation and interest in the public. Under the exposed conditions, the central object of this work is to identify whether there is a type of relationship between the two fields, social capital and human development in the endogenous city context. To this end, a descriptive investigation is proposed based on multiple regression analysis that facilitates the proposal of a model, which determines the level of incidence of the social capital in the human development.El capital social como recurso inmaterial, considerado un factor incidente para el desarrollo de la actual sociedad. Bogotá en los últimos años ha presentado una mejora en sus indicadores en relación con algunos factores sociales de cobertura y disminución de pobreza, no teniendo el mismo comportamiento en desigualdad y capital social y vida cívica. En teoría, este progreso debería reflejarse en una mejor calidad de vida más equitativa en toda la población, pero lamentablemente la realidad dista de la teoría, y se observa en el interior de la mayoría de las veinte localidades que conforman la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C., que aún muchos hogares se encuentran en condiciones de pobreza y las posibilidades de superarla son cada vez más escasas; igualmente, son casi inexistentes en algunos hogares la participación cívica y el interés por lo público, y a nivel general es muy escasa la pertenecía a redes. Bajo las condiciones expuestas, el objeto de este trabajo se centra en identificar si existe un tipo de relación entre los dos campos, capital social y desarrollo humano en el contexto endógeno de ciudad. Para tal fin, se propone una investigación descriptiva basada en análisis de regresión múltiple que facilita la proposición de un modelo que determina el nivel de incidencia del capital social en el desarrollo humano.Le capital social en tant que ressource immatérielle est considéré comme un facteur incident pour le développement de la société actuelle. Ces dernières années, Bogota, Colombie, a montré une amélioration de ses indicateurs par rapport à certains facteurs sociaux de couverture et de réduction de la pauvreté, mais n’a pas le même comportement dans l’inégalité, le capital social et la vie civile. En théorie, ces progrès devraient se traduire par ne meilleure qualité de vie, plus équitable pour l’ensemble de la population, mais malheureusement la réalité est très loin de la théorie. Dans l’intérieur de la plupart des vingt localités qui composent la ville de Bogotá, D. C., on observe que beaucoup de foyers se trouvent toujours dans des conditions de pauvreté et que les possibilités de la surpasser sont de plus en plus rares. De même, dans certains ménages la participation civique et l’intérêt du public sont presque inexistants, et l’adhésion au réseau est très limitée. Dans les conditions exposées, l’objet de ce travail est d’identifier s’il existe un type de relation entre les deux domaines, capital social et développement humain, dans le contexte endogène de la ville. Cette fin, une recherche descriptive fondée sur une analyse de régression multiple est proposée pour faciliter la proposition d’un modèle qui détermine le niveau d’incidence du capital social dans le développement humain.O capital social como recurso intangível é considerado um fator incidente para o desenvolvimento da sociedade de hoje. Nos últimos anos, Bogotá, Colômbia, apresentou uma melhoria nos indicadores relacionado com alguns fatores sociais da cobertura e redução da pobreza, mas não tem o mesmo comportamento na desigualdade, capital social e vida cívica. Em teoria, este progresso deve ser refletido em uma melhor qualidade de vida mais equitativa na totalidade da população, mas infelizmente, a realidade está longe da teoria. Dentro maioria dos vinte distritos que compõem a cidade de Bogotá, mostra-se que muitas famílias ainda estão na pobreza e as possibilidades de superar são cada vez mais escassos. Da mesma forma, em algumas famílias a participação cívica e o interesse para a coisa pública são quase inexistentes, e a nível geral a pertença para as redes está muito limitada. Nas condições descritas, o objeto deste trabalho se concentra em identificar se existe uma relação entre os dois campos, capital social e desenvolvimento humano no contexto endógena da cidade. Para este fim, é proposto uma pesquisa descritiva com base na análise de regressão múltipla que facilita a proposição de um modelo que determina o nível de incidência do capital social no desenvolvimento human

Capital social y desarrollo humano en Bogotá, D.C.: Una aproximación desde las localidades

293 páginasThe doctoral thesis, “SOCIAL CAPITAL AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN BOGOTÁ, D.C.: AN APPROXIMATION FROM THE LOCALITIES”, addresses the study of social capital in the context of the city of Bogotá, as a social field analyzed according to its impact on human development and its influence in the economic and social development of the community. To address the analysis of this relationship of incidence, we took into account the socio-economic characteristics of each one of the twenty localities that shape the city, as well as its level of perception against the cognitive dimension, structural and social representation of social capital, from the perspective of four actors considered a source of social capital such as households, NGO, JAL Local Administrative Boards and JAC Boards of Communal Action. The main findings of the work carried out, validate the hypothesis proposed where it is proposed that, in the endogenous context of the city of Bogotá, the trend of social capital generation tends to be low, not only by the poor levels of associativity registered, but also because of the incidence of factors such as inequality, distrust, low level of internalized reciprocity on the part of the citizens, among others, which implies, to manifest disinterest in the public administration and its management; favoring the search for the individual benefit over the collective, factor that affects the capacity as a society of generating social fabric, based on associativity and the recognition of social values that articulate institutions, organizations and people depending on the collective interest of the population.La tesis doctoral, CAPITAL SOCIAL Y DESARROLLO HUMANO EN BOGOTÁ, D.C.: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE LAS LOCALIDADES, aborda el estudio del capital social en el contexto de la ciudad de Bogotá, como campo social que analizado en función de su incidencia en el desarrollo humano puede llegar a influir en el desarrollo económico y social de la comunidad. Para abordar el análisis de esta relación de incidencia, se tuvo en cuenta las particularidades socioeconómicas de cada una de las veinte localidades que conforman la ciudad, así como su nivel de percepción frente a las dimensiones cognitiva, estructural y representación social del capital social, desde la perspectiva de cuatro actores considerados fuente de capital social como lo son los hogares, las ONG Organizaciones No Gubernamentales, JAL Juntas Administradoras Locales y JAC Juntas de Acción Comunal. Los principales hallazgos del trabajo realizado, validan la hipótesis propuesta donde se plantea que, en el contexto endógeno de la ciudad de Bogotá, la tendencia de generación de capital social tiende a ser baja, no solamente por los pobres niveles de asociatividad registrados, sino también por la incidencia de factores como desigualdad, desconfianza, bajo nivel de reciprocidad interiorizado por parte de los ciudadanos entre otros, lo que conlleva, a manifestar desinterés por la administración pública y su gestión, privilegiando la búsqueda del beneficio individual sobre el colectivo, factor que incide en la capacidad como sociedad de generar tejido social, basado en la asociatividad y el reconocimiento de valores sociales que articulen las instituciones, las organizaciones y las personas en función del interés colectivo de la población.DoctoradoDoctor en Estudios Político

Incidencia de las dinámicas del comercio internacional frente a la competitividad nacional colombiana (2012 a 2022)

En esta investigación se realiza el análisis del comercio internacional de Colombia y su impacto de las dinámicas económicas en cinco variables que comprende la producción nacional, la competitividad del comercio exterior, dinamismo de la inversión extranjera y la incidencia del a balanza comercial en el PIB nacional, lo cual permiten identificar la correlación de las variables que representa los efectos contemporáneos del país frente al desarrollo competitivo del mismo. Se contemplo la aplicación de un diseño metodológico propuesto a partir del análisis cuantitativo con base a la aplicación del método descriptico a partir de la revisión documental y la recolección de los datos propios de entidades oficiales nacionales. Adicionalmente se identificó el comportamiento económico del país evidenciando el crecimiento de algunos sectores económicos que aportan a las condiciones macroeconómicas de la nación, sin embargo se destaca elementos que se deben fortalecer como aspectos que afectan al perfil comercial internacional del país, que puede mejorar las condiciones de una balanza comercial en déficit una caída exponencial en los últimos cinco años en la inversión extranjera directa y potencializar nuevos sistemas productivos que responden a las nuevas condiciones del mercado global

Capital social estructural y educación, un estudio desde la perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu: Estudio de caso Universidad ECCI

This study has been developed in order to identify the level of structural social capital in the educational context of the ECCI University. The work was developed based on a review of the theoretical background to focus the attention in the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu and other theoretical references featured in the issue. We used a descriptive with a quantitative approach involving two actors: students enrolled from third semester and full time teachers, relating to the institution since the year 2013. We designed an instrument for collection of information, consisting of three dimensions, the cognitive social capital, structural capital and inclusion. The aim of this article is to give an account of the results obtained in the structural dimension of social capital characterized by the improvement of standardized relations that leverage strategies aimed at strengthening the partnership. The investigation concluded that the levels of structural social capital in the ECCI University present a lower middle trend, which can be considered a deficiency for the construction of social capital, a situation that demands a strategic plan that impel and assumed collective target for the well-being.Este estudio ha sido desarrollado con el fin de identificar el nivel de capital social estructural en el contexto educativo de la Universidad ECCI. El trabajo se desarrolló con base en el planteamiento de una hipótesis una revisión teórica centrando su atención en los postulados de Pierre Bourdieu y otros referentes teóricos destacados en el tema.  Se utilizó una metodología de corte descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo con dos variables: estudiantes matriculados a partir de tercer semestre y docentes de planta, vinculados a la institución desde el año 2013. Se diseñó un instrumento para la recolección de la información, compuesto por tres dimensiones, el capital social cognitivo, el capital social estructural y la inclusión. El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de los resultados obtenidos en la dimensión estructural del capital social caracterizada por el perfeccionamiento de relaciones normalizadas  que potencialicen estrategias orientadas a fortalecer la asociatividad. La investigación permitió concluir que los niveles de capital social estructural en la Universidad ECCI presentan una tendencia media baja, lo cual se puede considerar como una deficiencia para la construcción de capital social, situación que demanda un plan estratégico que  potencialice y se asuma como objetivo colectivo para el bienestar

Software para el diagnóstico de Stock acumulado de Capital Social en el contexto empresarial. Una alternativa al desarrollo empresarial

     Participation in networking is an alternative to generate greater competitiveness in the business context, so that the development of social capital based on the recognition of social values becomes a necessary step to promote cohesion within organizations input. Social capital as an intangible asset of a community or cluster, is based on the recognition of the social structure, which from the associativity produces public and private benefits. Structuralism as an epistemological foundation of capital from sociology identifies the elements that legitimizes networks to exist; however, one can not say that the capital is limited to networks only because it involves an intangible cognitive dimension of social values such as trust and reciprocity. In the case of this project it is working on creating a tool to devise strategies to strengthen the social capital within organizations from recognition of cognitive and structural dimensions, in order to generate interaction with other organizations and likewise strengthen relations. In this sense, a software to measure the capacity to generate capital within each organization is proposed. Software development will take place and finally implemented in medium-sized enterprises, it shall be based on a methodology based on the process lifecycle of an information system.     La participación en redes, es una alternativa para generar mayor competitividad en el contexto empresarial, es así que el desarrollo de capital social basado en el reconocimiento de  valores sociales se convierte en un insumo necesario para fomentar la cohesión al interior de las organizaciones. El capital socialcomo un bien inmaterial de una comunidad o conglomerado, se basa en el reconocimiento de la estructura  social, la cual a partir de la asociatividad produce beneficios públicos y privados. El estructuralismo como fundamento epistemológico del capital social permite identificar desde la sociología los elementos que legitimiza a las redes para existir; sin embargo, no se puede afirmar que el capital social se limita a las redes únicamente, ya que involucra una dimensión cognitiva intangible de valores sociales tales como la confianza y la reciprocidad. Para el caso de este proyecto se está trabajando en la creación de una herramienta que permita plantear estrategias de fortalecimiento del capital social al interior de las organizaciones a partir del reconocimiento de las dimensiones cognitiva y estructural, con el propósito de generar interacción con otras organizaciones y así mismo fortalecer la asociatividad.  En este sentido, se propone un software que permita medir la capacidad de generación de capital social al interior de cada organización. El desarrollo del software se realizará y finalmente se implementará en medianas empresas, se tomará como base una metodología que se basa en el proceso del ciclo de vida de un sistema de información

Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Perianal Fistula in Crohn’s Disease

[Aim] To assess clinical healing in patients with perianal Crohn’s disease with local intrafistular injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma.[Method] The pilot study was conducted at a single centre between January 2013 and December 2015. Autologous platelet-rich plasma was prepared in platelet-rich and platelet-poor fractions for local intrafistular injection in patients with proven, established perianal Crohn’s disease. Patients were permitted biological therapies, and the Perianal Crohn’s Disease Activity Index was recorded. Patients were followed for 48 weeks for clinical signs of healing (complete, partial or non-healing), monitoring fistula drainage, closure and epithelialization.[Results] The study included 29 patients (19 males; mean age 38 ± 12.8 years) with four exclusions in the operating room because surgery was not indicated and four lost to follow-up. Five adverse events were recorded, with two requiring the drainage of abscess collections. Of the 21 patients assessable at 24 weeks, there was complete healing, partial healing and non-healing in 7 (33.3%), 8 (38.1%) and 6 (28.6%) patients, respectively. By 48 weeks, there was complete healing, partial healing and non-healing in 6 (40%), 6 (40%) and 3 (20%) patients, respectively, with a reduction in the number of visible external fistula openings at both time points (P = 0.021). By the end of the study, there was a higher trend of healing if biological therapies were continued (85.7% with biologics vs. 75% without, P = 0.527), but there were no statistically significant differences and no differences in the Perianal Crohn’s Disease Activity Index.[Conclusion]Autologous platelet-rich plasma is safe in patients with perianal Crohn’s disease, with an acceptable healing rate over a medium-term follow-up, particularly if biological therapies are used concomitantly

Concentrations of bisphenol A and parabens in socks for infants and young children in Spain and their hormone-like activities

Background: Little information is available on the content of bisphenol A (BPA) and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as parabens in infant textiles and clothes. Objectives: 1) To determine the concentrations of BPA and parabens in socks for infants and young children purchased in Spain, 2) to assess the (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of extracts from the socks, and 3) to estimate dermal exposure doses to these chemicals. Methods: Thirty-two pairs of socks for infants and young children (1–48 months) were purchased from 3 stores in Granada (Spain). Textile material was cut from the foot, toe, and leg of each sock (n=96 samples) for chemical analysis. Hormone-like activities were determined in foot sections (n=32 samples) by using the E-Screen assay for (anti-)estrogenicity and PALM luciferase assay for (anti-)androgenicity. Results: BPA was present in 90.6% of samples at concentrations ranging from<0.70 to 3736 ng/g. BPA levels were around 25-fold higher in socks from store 1, which had a higher cotton content compared to stores 2 and 3. Ethyl-paraben was found in 100% of samples, followed by methyl-paraben (81.0%), and propyl-paraben (43.7%). No butyl-paraben was detected in any sample. Estrogenic activity was detected in 83.3% of socks from store 1 (range=48.2–6051 pM E2eq/g) but in only three socks from stores 2 and 3. Anti-androgenic activity was detected in six of the 32 socks studied (range=94.4–2989 μM Proceq/g), all from store 1. Estimated dermal exposure to BPA was higher from socks for children aged 36–48 months (median=17.6 pg/kg/day), and dermal exposure to parabens was higher from socks for children aged 24–36 months (median=0.60 pg/kg/day). Discussion: This is the first report in Europe on the wide presence of BPA and parabens in socks marketed for infants and children. BPA appears to contribute to the hormone-like activity observed in sock extracts.This research was funded in part by grants from the European Union Commission (The European Human Biomonitoring Initiative H2020-EJP-HBM4EU), the Spanish Ministry of Health (PI16/01820, PI16/01812, PI16/01858, PI17/01743, and PI17/01526), the Andalusia Regional Government (PI-0538-2017), and the Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP). The authors are also grateful to the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII) for the predoctoral research contract (FI17/00316) granted to L.M. Iribarne-Durán, the postdoctoral research contracts granted to F. Vela-Soria (Sara Borrell- CD17/00212) and C. Freire (Miguel Servet-FEDER fund MS16/00085), and the José María Segovia de Arana contract granted to N. Olea (INT18/00060), and to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities for the Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2016-20155) granted to J.P. Arrebola

Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in epicardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus: preliminary study

[Abstract] Objectives: Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) genes are crucial in lipid biosynthesis and cardiovascular homeostasis. Their expression in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and their influence in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus remain to be determined. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of SREBP genes in EAT in patients with CAD according to diabetes status and its association with clinical and biochemical data. Methods: SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 mRNA expression levels were measured in EAT from 49 patients with CAD (26 with diabetes) and 23 controls without CAD or diabetes. Results: Both SREBPs mRNA expression were significantly higher in patients with CAD and diabetes (p<0.001) and were identified as independent cardiovascular risk factor for coronary artery disease in patients with type-2 diabetes (SREBP-1: OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.5, p=0.02; SREBP-2: OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.2-3, p=0.02) and were independently associated with the presence of multivessel CAD, left main and anterior descending artery stenosis, and higher total and LDL cholesterol levels, and lower HDL cholesterol levels, in patients with CAD and diabetes. Conclusions: SREBP genes are expressed in EAT and were higher in CAD patients with diabetes than those patients without CAD or diabetes. SREBP expression was associated as cardiovascular risk factor for the severity of CAD and the poor lipid control. In this preliminary study we suggest the importance of EAT in the lipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis for coronary atherosclerosis of patients with diabetes and highlight a future novel therapeutic target.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI13/02542Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI11/01661Red de Investigación Cardiovascular; RD12/0042/003

Laparoscopic surgery in 3D improves results and surgeon convenience in sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity

Purpose Advanced laparoscopic procedures are still challenging. One critical issue is the lack of stereoscopic vision. The aim of this surgical study is to evaluate whether 3D vision offers any advantages for surgical performance over 2D vision during sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity using a laparoscopic system that allows changing between 2D and 3D optics. Methods A total of 78 patients were analyzed, with 37 in the 2D group and 41 in the 3D group. Performance time, hospital stay, complications, and early outcomes were collected. To assess the quality of the 2D and 3D techniques, visual analog scales from 0 to 10 were designed, and image quality, depth of field, precision in performing tasks, and general ergonomics were measured. Results According to the vision system used, the mean duration of surgery was 85 ± 16.8 min for patients operated on with the 2D system and 69 ± 16.9 min for those operated on with the 3D system. There were no significant differences between the overall percentages of complications according to the type of vision used. However, postoperative complications were more severe in the 2D laparoscopy group. The average length of stay was shorter for patients in the 3D group. Regarding the differences perceived by the surgeon, the depth of field and the precision of tasks were better in the 3D vision group. Conclusion The 3D system provided greater depth perception and precision in more complex tasks, enabling safer surgery. This led to a reduction in the operative time and hospital stay. Moreover, the severity of complications was less