Chronic Candida osteomyelitis of hard palate and nose: A diagnostic quandary

Candida induced osteomyelitis is infrequent. There is scarcity of literature on this entity in maxillofacial region and thus there is possibility to mismanage such cases. We are presenting a case of chronic maxillofacial Candida tropicalis osteomyelitis causing palatal and septal perforation with saddle nose deformity in a young lady with commencement and progression of disease process over two pregnancies. Diagnosis was established by histopathology and repeated isolation on culture. Debridement followed by adequate antifungal therapy instituted. Keywords: Candida, Osteomyelitis, Pregnancy, Maxillofacial, Hard palat

Neuroprotective effects of <i>Aegle marmelos</i> (L.) Correa against cadmium toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining the histoarchitecture of neural tissue in BALB/c mice

95-104Herbal plants have various biological and pharmacological activities and are used as chemotherapeutic agents. Aegle marmelos (Lin.) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antigenotoxic properties due to its active phytoconstituents like marmenol, marmin, marmelosin, aegelin, marmelin etc. The present study investigates the protective potential of  leaf extract of A. marmelos against cadmium-induced oxidative stress and histopathological manifestations involved in the neuronal tissue of BALB/c mice. Mice were given prophylactic and therapeutic treatments (pre and post) of two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) of A. marmelos to evaluate its protective efficacy against CdSO4 (5 mg/kg body weight, i.p. for 5 days) induced neurotoxicity by estimating various biochemical and histopathological parameters. Sub-lethal cadmium exposure caused a significant elevation in levels of lipid peroxidation, a noticeable decrease in enzymatic antioxidants (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione reductase, Glutathione –S-transferase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione) antioxidants and marked structural alterations in neural tissue. A. marmelos pretreatment significantly (P≤ 0.01) reversed increased lipid peroxidation and attenuated the decreased enzymatic (P≤ 0.05) and non-enzymatic antioxidant markers (P≤ 0.05). Furthermore, pretreatment of A. marmelos also protected the histoarchitecture of neuronal tissue. Out of all the treatments, pretreatment was found to be more effective as compared to post-treatment, evidently seen in all biochemical assay (P≤ 0.05, two-way ANOVA). Taken together, these results indicate that Aegle marmelos could be used as a potential prophylactic agent for combating adverse effects of cadmium in neural tissue