111 research outputs found

    Professionalisierung von GrundschullehrkrĂ€ften in den Bildungswissenschaften – zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit

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    Der Beitrag fokussiert den erziehungswissenschaftlichen Studienanteil im Rahmen der hochschulischen Ausbildung von GrundschullehrkrÀften an nordrhein-westfÀlischen UniversitÀten. Vor dem Hintergrund des Auftrags und der Spezifika der Institution Grundschule sowie der daraus resultierenden Anforderungen an eine ProfessionalitÀt von GrundschullehrkrÀften werden sowohl bildungspolitische Postulate, wie sie sich in gesetzlichen Rahmenvorgaben dokumentieren, als auch deren hochschulische Rekontextualisierungen kritisch hinterfragt. (DIPF/Orig.

    Didaktisches Konzeption eines interdisziplinĂ€ren Ansatzes „Natur und Technik“ fĂŒr die Gymnasialklassen fĂŒnf und sechs

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    Die Natur- und Technikwissenschaften prĂ€gen grundlegend die Lebenswelt der Menschen. Dabei bringen Technologien permanent neue Produkte und Werkzeuge hervor, die Arbeit und Kultur ebenso wie das Freizeitverhalten beeinflussen und RĂŒckwirkungen auf Natur und Gesellschaft haben. Diese Innovationen entstehen zunehmend durch gemeinsame Entwicklungsarbeit unterschiedlicher Disziplinen (z.B. Medizintechnik). InterdisziplinaritĂ€t wird somit zu einem Forschungs- und Arbeitsprinzip, ohne die hybride Problemstellungen der Gegenwart und Zukunft nicht gelöst werden können. Ein solch komplexes Zusammenspiel in der Lösung von Problemen erfordert mehr denn je eine ausreichende natur- und technikwissenschaftliche Bildung. In diesen ZusammenhĂ€ngen muss es daher Ziel sein, Bildung grundzulegen, die zum interdisziplinĂ€ren Denken und zum Nachvollziehen oder Lösen von Problemen befĂ€higt. In dem Artikel wird zunĂ€chst die aktuelle Situation interdisziplinĂ€rer natur- und technikwissenschaftlicher Bi ldung in der Eingangstufe des Gymnasium analysiert. Daran anschließend wird ein didaktisches Modell entwickelt, das die Bereiche Natur und Technik interdisziplinĂ€r verknĂŒpft. Dieses Modell baisiert auf Grundannahmen der konstruktivistischen Erkenntnistheorie und des Problemlösens, aus denen didaktische Grundprinzipien fĂŒr ein interdisziplinĂ€res didaktisches Modell abgeleitet werden

    Der Sachunterricht und die Didaktik des Sachunterrichts als besondere Herausforderung fĂŒr die Professionalisierung von GrundschullehrkrĂ€ften

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    Der Beitrag fokussiert den Sachunterricht in der Grundschule, verdient er doch im Zusammenhang mit dem Diskurs um die Professionalisierung von GrundschullehrkrĂ€ften besondere Aufmerksamkeit, da er das einzige Fach ist, das nur in der Grundschule unterrichtet wird. Dabei beleuchten die Autor*innen das SelbstverstĂ€ndnis des Fachs Sachunterricht bzw. der wissenschaftlichen Disziplin Didaktik des Sachunterrichts, um daraus Implikationen fĂŒr eine Qualifikation und damit verbundene Professionalisierung von GrundschullehrkrĂ€ften abzuleiten. Besonders stellen sie das VerhĂ€ltnis der Einzeldisziplinen vs. der VielperspektivitĂ€t im Sachunterricht der Grundschule in den Mittelpunkt und greifen beispielhaft den Ausbildungsgang der UniversitĂ€t des Saarlandes auf. (DIPF/Orig.

    Abridged international perspectives of technology education and its connection to STEM education

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    STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) areas are integral content disciplines in all economies. Although most countries have and continue to ensure quality science (S) and Mathematics (M) education for primary (elementary) and secondary school students, the technology (T) and engineering (E) content areas tend not to be regarded as core to national curricula in the same way that science and mathematics are regarded as essential. This article discusses efforts in various countries to better promote and integrate Technology and Engineering Education (TEE) in schools. This paper highlights common themes and argues that we can learn from each other’s efforts in TEE. We argue that dialogue across nations can help us to build international STEM education collaboration networks, better understand the nature of STEM and how to better engage pupils and students in STEM subjects, and work towards gaining inputs to national TEE policy that can leverage positive change

    Relationship between apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism and coronary heart disease in overweight subjects

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    BACKGROUND: Overweight is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk which is only partially explained by conventional risk factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] plasma levels and apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] phenotypes in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) in overweight subjects. METHODS: A total of 275 overweight (BMI ≄ 27 kg/m(2)) subjects, of which 155 had experienced a CHD event, 337 normal weight subjects with prior CHD and 103 CHD-free normal weight subjects were enrolled in the study. Lp(a) levels were determined by an ELISA technique and apo(a) isoforms were detected by a high-resolution immunoblotting method. RESULTS: Lp(a) levels were similar in the three study groups. Overweight subjects with CHD had Lp(a) concentrations significantly higher than those without [median (interquartile range): 20 (5–50.3) versus 12.6 (2.6–38.6) mg/dl, P < 0.05]. Furthermore, overweight subjects with CHD showed a higher prevalence of low molecular weight apo(a) isoforms than those without (55.5% versus 40.8%, P < 0.05) and with respect to the control group (55.5% versus 39.8%, P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that apo(a) phenotypes, but not Lp(a) levels, entered the model as significant independent predictors of CHD in overweight subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that small-sized apo(a) isoforms are associated with CHD in overweight subjects. The characterization of apo(a) phenotypes might serve as a reliable biomarker to better assess the overall CHD risk of each subject with elevated BMI, leading to more intensive treatment of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors

    Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, obesity and energy homeostasis polymorphisms

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    A population-based case–control study of lymphomas in England collected height and weight details from 699 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and 914 controls. Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg m−2 at five years before diagnosis,, was associated with an increased risk of NHL (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1). The excess was most pronounced for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR=1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.8). Genetic variants in the leptin (LEP 19G>A, LEP −2548G>A) and leptin receptor genes (LEPR 223Q>R), previously shown to modulate NHL risk, as well as a polymorphism in the energy regulatory gene adiponectin (APM1 276G>T), were investigated. Findings varied with leptin genotype, the risks being decreased with LEP 19AA (OR=0.7, 95% CI 0.5–1.0) and increased with LEP −2548GA (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.7) and −2548AA (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.9), particularly for follicular lymphoma. These genetic findings, which were independent of BMI, were stronger for men than women

    An integrated expression phenotype mapping approach defines common variants in LEP, ALOX15 and CAPNS1 associated with induction of IL-6

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    Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important modulator of inflammation and immunity whose dysregulation is associated with a number of disease states. There is evidence of significant heritability in inter-individual variation in IL6 gene expression but the genetic variants responsible for this remain to be defined. We adopted a combined approach of mapping protein and expression quantitative trait loci in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for ∌2000 loci implicated in cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory syndromes to show that common SNP markers and haplotypes of LEP (encoding leptin) associate with a 1.7- to 2-fold higher level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 expression. We subsequently demonstrate that basal leptin expression significantly correlates with LPS-induced IL-6 expression and that the same variants at LEP which associate with IL-6 expression are also major determinants of leptin expression in these cells. We find that variation involving two other genomic regions, CAPNS1 (encoding calpain small subunit 1) and ALOX15 (encoding arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase), show significant association with IL-6 expression. Although this may be a subset of all such trans-acting effects, we find that the same ALOX15 variants are associated with induced expression of tumour necrosis factor and IL-1beta consistent with a broader role in acute inflammation for ALOX15. This study provides evidence of novel genetic determinants of IL-6 production with implications for understanding susceptibility to inflammatory disease processes and insight into cross talk between metabolic and inflammatory pathways. It also provides proof of concept for use of an integrated expression phenotype mapping approach
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