A collusion attack on digital video watermarks based on the replacement strategy

Digital works such as images, audio and video present security concerns due to their portability and error free reproducibility. Thus, digital work producers are not being properly compensated for copyrighted works that are illegally copied and distributed on the Internet. One solution that has been proposed to solve some of these problems is digital watermarking. Researchers have proposed many different watermarking methods, but for any of these methods to be commercially applicable, they must be secure in the sense of being resilient to all known watermarking attacks. Therefore, the exploration and examination of watermarking attacks must be exhaustive. This paper adds to the knowledge base of known watermarking attacks on digital video. Specifically a type of collusion attack based on the replacement attack strategy is applied and tested against two digital video watermarking schemes. The effectiveness of this attack is measured by evaluating the fidelity of the attacked video as well as the ability of the attack to remove the watermark. This attack will provide yet another quality standard for measuring the effectiveness of watermarking schemes. This standard must be met if watermarking is to be a commercially viable option

On the potential of regional-scale emissions zoning as an air quality management tool for the grand canyon

Air arriving at the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River during 1988-1989 is attributed to one of four geographic quadrants--NE, SE, SW, NW--on the basis of routinely calculated back-trajectories. Most of the haze observed at the Canyon is attributed to the SW quadrant, which contains the populous and industrialized areas of southern California. Air from either northern quadrant tends to be significantly clearer than air from either southern quadrant. Clear northern air is most common during the winter, and is rarely observed during the summer tourist season, when steady flow from the southwest is the norm. Various possible interpretations of these empirical results are discussed, with varying implications for emissions management policy.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/31947/1/0000900.pd

Enhanced metabolism and negative regulation of ER stress support higher erythropoietin production in HEK293 cells

Recombinant protein production can cause severe stress on cellular metabolism, resulting in limited titer and product quality. To investigate cellular and metabolic characteristics associated with these limitations, we compare HEK293 clones producing either erythropoietin (EPO) (secretory) or GFP (non-secretory) protein at different rates. Transcriptomic and functional analyses indicate significantly higher metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in EPO producers compared with parental and GFP cells. In addition, ribosomal genes exhibit specific expression patterns depending on the recombinant protein and the production rate. In a clone displaying a dramatically increased EPO secretion, we detect higher gene expression related to negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including upregulation of ATF6B, which aids EPO production in a subset of clones by overexpression or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown. Our results offer potential target pathways and genes for further development of the secretory power in mammalian cell factories

Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene

This is the final version of the article. Available from National Academy of Sciences via the DOI in this record.We explore the risk that self-reinforcing feedbacks could push the Earth System toward a planetary threshold that, if crossed, could prevent stabilization of the climate at intermediate temperature rises and cause continued warming on a "Hothouse Earth" pathway even as human emissions are reduced. Crossing the threshold would lead to a much higher global average temperature than any interglacial in the past 1.2 million years and to sea levels significantly higher than at any time in the Holocene. We examine the evidence that such a threshold might exist and where it might be. If the threshold is crossed, the resulting trajectory would likely cause serious disruptions to ecosystems, society, and economies. Collective human action is required to steer the Earth System away from a potential threshold and stabilize it in a habitable interglacial-like state. Such action entails stewardship of the entire Earth System-biosphere, climate, and societies-and could include decarbonization of the global economy, enhancement of biosphere carbon sinks, behavioral changes, technological innovations, new governance arrangements, and transformed social values.W.S. and C.P.S. are members of the Anthropocene Working Group. W.S., J.R., K.R., S.E.C., J.F.D., I.F., S.J.L., R.W. and H.J.S. are members of the Planetary Boundaries Research Network PB.net and the Earth League’s EarthDoc Programme supported by the Stordalen Foundation. T.M.L. was supported by a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award and the European Union Framework Programme 7 Project HELIX. C.F. was supported by the Erling– Persson Family Foundation. The participation of D.L. was supported by the Haury Program in Environment and Social Justice and National Science Foundation (USA) Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models Grant 1243125. S.E.C. was supported in part by Swedish Research Council Formas Grant 2012-742. J.F.D. and R.W. were supported by Leibniz Association Project DOMINOES. S.J.L. receives funding from Formas Grant 2014-589. This paper is a contribution to European Research Council Advanced Grant 2016, Earth Resilience in the Anthropocene Project 743080

The human secretome

The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood

A collusion attack on digital video watermarks based on the replacement strategy

Digital works such as images, audio and video present security concerns due to their portability and error free reproducibility. Thus, digital work producers are not being properly compensated for copyrighted works that are illegally copied and distributed on the Internet. One solution that has been proposed to solve some of these problems is digital watermarking. Researchers have proposed many different watermarking methods, but for any of these methods to be commercially applicable, they must be secure in the sense of being resilient to all known watermarking attacks. Therefore, the exploration and examination of watermarking attacks must be exhaustive. This paper adds to the knowledge base of known watermarking attacks on digital video. Specifically a type of collusion attack based on the replacement attack strategy is applied and tested against two digital video watermarking schemes. The effectiveness of this attack is measured by evaluating the fidelity of the attacked video as well as the ability of the attack to remove the watermark. This attack will provide yet another quality standard for measuring the effectiveness of watermarking schemes. This standard must be met if watermarking is to be a commercially viable option.</p

VR Touch - Toolkit : Skapandet av ett nytt VR-verktyg för användandet av haptisk feedback och visualisering

Denna undersökning belyser varför beröring är ett viktigt sinne för att stärka VR-upplevelser. Genom att använda beröring som metod för att utforska fysiska egenskaper har vi skapat endigital gestaltning som demonstrerar hur denna unika förmåga kan användas. Denna undersökning har bidragit till skapandet av ett nytt verktyg för framtida utveckling av VR-upplevelser, vilket har öppnat upp möjligheter att använda beröring som huvudmekanik. Genom att kombinera haptisk feedback och visualisering av händer och omgivning kan vi utforska och interagera med VR-spel på ett nytt och spännande sätt.This study highlights why the sense of touch is important for enhancing VR experiences. By using touch as a method to explore physical properties, we have created a digital representation that demonstrates how this unique ability can be utilized. This study has contributed to the development of a new developer tool for future VR experience design, which has opened up possibilities for incorporating the sense of touch as a main mechanic. By combining haptic feedback and visualization of hands and the environment, we can explore and interact with VR games in a new and exciting way

VR Touch - Toolkit : Skapandet av ett nytt VR-verktyg för användandet av haptisk feedback och visualisering

Denna undersökning belyser varför beröring är ett viktigt sinne för att stärka VR-upplevelser. Genom att använda beröring som metod för att utforska fysiska egenskaper har vi skapat endigital gestaltning som demonstrerar hur denna unika förmåga kan användas. Denna undersökning har bidragit till skapandet av ett nytt verktyg för framtida utveckling av VR-upplevelser, vilket har öppnat upp möjligheter att använda beröring som huvudmekanik. Genom att kombinera haptisk feedback och visualisering av händer och omgivning kan vi utforska och interagera med VR-spel på ett nytt och spännande sätt.This study highlights why the sense of touch is important for enhancing VR experiences. By using touch as a method to explore physical properties, we have created a digital representation that demonstrates how this unique ability can be utilized. This study has contributed to the development of a new developer tool for future VR experience design, which has opened up possibilities for incorporating the sense of touch as a main mechanic. By combining haptic feedback and visualization of hands and the environment, we can explore and interact with VR games in a new and exciting way