Using Metadata To Mitigate The Risks Of Digitizing Archival Photographs Of Violence And Oppression

Questioning the archival imperative of access, this research article discussed how descriptive metadata can be used to contextualize and problematize digitized archival photographs, which are often inadequately described in the digital environment. Beginning with literature review of atrocity photos and their use and digitization to discuss the risks inherent to disseminating photos of or born from violence. Review continued into the digital environment and the risks inherent to making difficult archival collections accessible online and the conflict between the right to privacy of the individuals represented in archival materials and the archival imperative to provide access. Expanding on the recommendations made for ethical digitization of difficult or problematic archival collections made by scholars and groups such as Tara Robertson, the Archives for Black Lives in Philadelphia Anti-Racist Description Working Group. This article provided Case studies of a variety of digitized archival collections with offensive or violent contents and called for an acknowledgment of archival Labor in deciding which collections should be digitized and for a consensus on how to determine which collections need extra care and consideration in description. This article criticized the way archival metadata schema and vocabulary reduce photographs to their visual content and provided case studies focusing on metadata. It also introduced contextualizing essays as a tool for critical description. and acknowledged that Metadata work should be used with other measures to ethically digitize and disseminate collections with violent or oppressive histories. It connected Saidiya Hartman’s concept of Critical fabulation to the contextualizing essay, concluding that metadata can be a tool for helping a user of a collection consider it in its historical and social context and provide a space for representing the experiences of those depicted in a collection, especially a collection with violent or problematic origins

[Introduction to] El Arte de Pensar sin Riesgos

NOTE: Read the Introduction and see the table of contents from the link. El gran desafío de organizar un volumen sobre Clarice Lispector (1920-1977) reside en decir algo que ya no se haya dicho o en trazar una geografía afectiva que nos permita (re)visitar esa escritura que sigue desvelándonos a cien años de su nacimiento. Les contribuyentes de este libro se acercan a la autora desde una perspectiva más íntima, abordan aristas menos públicas y menos conocidas, y tímidamente van delineando retratos de una Clarice más cercana y menos hermética. Expandir la mirada significa entonces no solo incorporar nuevas perspectivas para pensar algunos de los textos conocidos de la escritora, sino también aportar lecturas de otros corpus menos explorados como son las crónicas, la narrativa infantil, su epistolario, sus pinturas y sus traducciones. Estos ensayos evidencian la necesidad que se impone de recuperar a Lispector en el centenario de su nacimiento desde y dentro del contexto latinoamericano, contrarrestando así la apropiación que se viene dando en inglés desde el norte anglo-parlante. Este volumen, además de homenaje, viene a inaugurar este nuevo trayecto.https://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf/1383/thumbnail.jp

Liderazgo auténtico y resultados SIMCE en establecimientos educacionales de comunas de la Región del Maule

76 p.Se dirige el foco de esta investigación al sector educacional, analizando el liderazgo Auténtico, definido por Avolio & Gardner (2005) como comportamientos transparentes y éticos que propician el ambiente de confianza para el intercambio de decisiones con sus seguidores, aplicado a directores de establecimientos educacionales de la Región del Maule, medido a través de la percepción de los líderes (directores) y los subordinados (cuerpo docente) según la categoría SIMCE obtenida por cada colegio. Se aplicó el Cuestionario ALQ (Moriano, Molero & Lévy, 2011) en su versión en español, tanto a los líderes como a los subordinados.Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la percepción de Liderazgo Auténtico del cuerpo docente y del director son similares. Además, se obtiene que el Liderazgo Auténtico no se encuentra asociado con las categorías de puntaje SIMCE obtenido por los alumnos en los establecimientos educacionales investigados.Palabras Clave: Liderazgo Auténtico, resultados SIMCE, Escala ALQ /ABSTRACT: The focus of this research is directed to the education sector, analyzing the Authentic leadership, defined by Avolio & Gardner (2005) as transparent and ethical behavior that foster trusting environment for sharing decisions with his followers applied to heads of educational establishments Maule Region, measured through the perception of leaders (principals) and subordinate (teachers) as SIMCE category obtained by each school. ALQ Questionnaire (Moriano, Molero & Levy, 2011) was applied in the version in Spanish, both leaders and subordinates. The results show that the perception of Authentic Leadership of teachers and director are similar. In addition, get the Authentic Leadership is not associated with the categories of SIMCE score obtained by the students in educational establishments investigated. Keywords: Authentic Leadership, Results SIMCE, Scale AL

Diversity in socioecological niches in the Andes (DISENIA): An isotope-based project

This new project is studying the diversity of socioecological niches across the agropastoral transition in the Andes, utilising a multi-isotope approach to track human territories and allocate subsistence tasks. During the agropastoral period, we discriminate different diachronic niches with varying extents of maize farming and altitudinal mobility.Fil: Barberena, Ramiro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; ArgentinaFil: Tessone, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Le Roux, Petrus. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Lucero, Gustavo. Universidad Católica de Temuco; ChileFil: Llano, Carina Lourdes. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Samec, Celeste Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Quintana, María Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Mallea, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo "Mariano Gambier"; ArgentinaFil: Gasco, Alejandra Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; ArgentinaFil: Guevara Batllori, María Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Novellino, Paula Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas J. Cornelio Moyano; ArgentinaFil: Luyt, Julie. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Sealy, Judith. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Duran, Victor Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Paleoecología Humana; Argentin

Soluble PD-L1 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

(1). Background: Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) is being used to evaluate advanced malignancies with potential response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We evaluated both plasma and tissue expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the same cohort of patients, including non-metastatic and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). Concomitant plasma and tissue expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was evaluated with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic implications. (2) Methods: we analyzed PD-1 and PD-L1 IHC expression in tumor tissues and soluble forms (sPD-1 and sPD-L1) in plasma from 89 patients with CCRCC, of which 23 were metastatic and 16 received systemic therapy. The primary endpoint was evaluation of overall survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox regression model. Plasma samples from healthy volunteers were also evaluated. (3) Results: Interestingly, sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were lower in cancer patients than in controls. sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels and their counterpart tissue expression both at the tumor center and infiltrating front were not associated. Higher expression of both PD-1 and PD-L1 were associated with tumor grade, necrosis and tumor size. PD-1 was associated to tumor stage (pT) and PD-L1 to metastases. sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were not associated with clinico-pathological parameters, although both were higher in patients with synchronous metastases compared to metachronous ones and sPD-L1 was also higher for metastatic patients compared to non-metastatic patients. sPD-1 was also associated with the International Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic groups in metastatic CCRCC and also to the Morphology, Attenuation, Size and Structure (MASS) response criteria in metastatic patients treated with systemic therapy, mainly tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. Regarding prognosis, PD-L1 immunostaining at the tumor center with and without the tumor front was associated with worse survival, and so was sPD-L1 at a cut-off >793 ng/mL. Combination of positivity at both the tissue and plasma level increased the level of significance to predict prognosis. (4) Conclusions: Our findings corroborate the role of PD-L1 IHC to evaluate prognosis in CCRCC and present novel data on the usefulness of plasma sPD-L1 as a promising biomarker of survival in this neoplasia.The work was funded by the Basque Government (ELKARTEK KK2018-00090 and KK-2020/00069)

Spatial and Temporal Effects of Whale Watching on a Tourism-Naive Resident Population of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Humboldt Penguin National Reserve, Chile

Standardized measures of behavior can be powerful tools for assessing the impact of whale watching activities on natural populations of cetaceans. To determine the possible impact of tourism on dolphins between a period without whale watching (1989–1992) (T1) and a period with whale watching (2010–2020) (T2), we examined the changes in the rate of surface behaviors, the group size of long-time resident bottlenose dolphins living in the waters of the Humboldt Current off Chile, and for T2 alone, we compared these differences between two localities, the Punta de Choros and Chañaral de Aceituno coves. We observed a significant decrease in the group size of the resident population and in the frequency of surface events associated with the absence and presence of tourism. For T2, we observed significant differences for the frequency of surface events between the Chañaral de Aceituno and Punta de Choros coves and differences in the frequency of surface events at different hours of the day. This was associated with the number of vessels at the time of the encounter. In addition, we observed for T2 that the most observed instantaneous response of the dolphins to the presence of tourist vessels was to avoid the boats, while approaching the boats was the least observed response. The number of vessels present in each dolphin encounter was the most important variable for our model as it explains these differences. These results show that tourism vessels have a significant impact on dolphin behavior and sociability, while the same population of dolphins have different spatial and temporal responses to different impacts of tourism. Further studies are needed to establish whether changes in the rate of surface behaviors are associated with higher levels of stress in dolphins and with effects on their health and reproductive success in the long term

Aguas del Iténez o Guaporé

Bolivia y Brasil comparten una de las cuencas más atractivas y preservadas de la te-giuri amazônica: la cuenca del rio llénez o Guaporé, que escurre tanto sobre el lecho rocoso del Escudo Precámbrico Brasilefto como sobre las Hanuras del Beni. Estas influencias hacen que la cuenca del iténez tenga una elevada heterogeneidad de habitats, una fauna acuálica peculiar y un alto valor de conservation. Este patrimo­nio binacional posée un potencial importante para la conservación de la diversidad regional y cl dcsar rollo sostcniblc participativo de las comunidades locales. El libro contiene un resumen del conotimìento de la cuenca y sus recursos, generado en los últimos 10 anos por un equipo de investigadores bolivianos, brasilefios y de otras nacionalidades. Se presenta una descripeión del medio fisico, así como resultados relevantes sobre la biodiversidad acuática, con énfasis en algas, peces, reptiles y mamíferos. El aporte más notable del libro, adernas de la descripeión ecológica del ecosistema, son las lecciones aprendidas que surgieron de experiências locales sobre la élaboration participativa de herramientas para la gestion de los recursos hidrobiológicos.A Bolívia e o Brasil compartilham uma das bacias hidrográficas mais atrativas e preservadas da região amazônica: a bacia do Rio Iténez ou Guaporé. A combinação das influências do escudo pré-cambriano brasileiro e da planícies do Beni é uma das razões pela qual existem na região elevada heterogeneidade de habitats, fauna aquática peculiar e alto grau valor dc conservação. Eslc patrimônio binacional possui potencial significativo para a conservação da diversidade regional e desenvolvimento sustentável participativo das comunidades locais. O livro contém um resumo do conhecimento da bacia e seus recursos, gerado nos últimos dez anos por uma equipe de pesquisadores bolivianos, brasileiros e de outras nacionalidades. Apresentamos uma descrição do meio físico, bem como resultados relevantes da biodiversidade aquática, com ênfase em algas, peixes, répteis e mamíferos. A contribuição mais notável do livro, além da descrição ecológica do ecossistema, é a descrição das lições aprendidas que surgiram a partir de experiências locais sobre elaboração participativa de ferramentas para a gestão dos recursos aquáticos presentes nesta bacia

Historical Archeology in the temple of Jáchal, San Juan

El Templo de San José de Jáchal ubicado en el departamento de Jáchal, provincia de San Juan, Argentina, fue declarado Monumento Histórico Nacional en el año 1978 mediante Decreto Nacional N° 2436. En el año 2019 se puso en marcha un proyecto de restauración edilicia y de construcción de nuevas de-pendencias. En dichas tareas se hizo necesaria la intervención arqueológica en acuerdo a su declaratoria patrimonial y a la obligatoriedad de la Ley Provincial 571-F, de dar a conocer los hallazgos arqueológicos e históricos que pudiesen surgir en una obra edilicia. Se realizaron más de dieciséis tareas de rescate y excavación arqueológica sobre el sitio, donde se priorizó el registro de datos materiales y espaciales, como una forma de comprender la disposición de las inhumaciones que surgían en la obra. El presente trabajo se enmarca dentro de la Arqueología Histórica Funeraria teniendo como referencia el proceso de inhumación ocurrido en España y en toda la América colonial española. En el mismo se analizan las características y disposición de las inhumaciones y restos materiales encontrados en las mismas.The Temple of San José de Jáchal located in the department of Jáchal, province of San Juan, Argentina, was declared a National Historic Monument in 1978 by National Decree No. 2436. In 2019 a building restoration project was launched and the construction of new facilities. In these tasks, the archaeological intervention was necessary in accordance with its heritage declaration and the obligation of Provincial Law 571-F, to publicize the archaeological and historical findings that could arise in a building work. More than sixteen rescue and archaeological excavation tasks were carried out on the site, where the registration of material and spatial data was prioritized, as a way of understanding the disposition of the burials that arose in the work.The present work is framed within the Funerary Historical Archeology, taking as a reference the burial process that occurred in Spain and throughout Spanish colonial America. In it, the characteristics and disposition of the burials and material remains found in them are analyzed.Fil: Mallea, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo; Argentina.Fil: González, Gladys. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo; Argentina.Fil: Ré, Lorena. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo; Argentina

An area of Santo Domingo convent, San Juan: changes and functionality based of historical research

Se presentan los resultados de las investigaciones arqueológicas e históricas realizadas en un sector del predio del convento de Santo Domingo, ubicado en la ciudad de San Juan, provincia homónima, Argentina. Un predio ocupado desde el siglo XVI, aunque su espacio y edificaciones fueron cambiando con el paso del tiempo. La investigación, enmarcada en el corpus teórico metodológico de la arqueología histórica, tuvo como objetivo develar y conocer la funcionalidad de una construcción que surgió mientras se realizaban reformas en el espacio adyacente al colegio homónimo, como así también la relación de esta con los dominicos. Para lo cual se recorrieron los archivos documentales y gráficos de la provincia, desde el siglo XVII hasta el siglo XX, permitiéndonos conocer y registrar los cambios ocurridos en el espacio de estudio durante los siglos mencionados. Finalmente se pudo determinar que en acuerdo a la materialidad, la edificación correspondía a las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Siendo este un aporte relevante a la historia de San Juan, ya que existen pocas construcciones anteriores al terremoto de 1944 y escasos trabajos de arqueología histórica.The results of the archaeological and historical research carried out in a sector of the Santo Domingo convent, located in the city of San Juan, province of the same name, Argentina, are presented. This property was built in the 16th century, although its space and buildings changed with the passing of time. The research, framed in the theoretical and methodological corpus of historical archaeology, had the objective of revealing and knowing the functionality of a construction that arose while reforms were being carried out in the space adjacent to the homonymous school, as well as its relationship with the Dominicans. For this purpose, we went through the documentary and graphic archives of the province, from the XVII century to the XX century, allowing us to know and register the changes that occurred in the space of study during the mentioned centuries. To finally determine that according to the materiality, the building corresponded to the first decades of the 20th century. This is a relevant contribution to the history of San Juan, since there are few constructions prior to the 1944 earthquake and few historical archaeological works.Dossier: ArquelogíaFacultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

The acute response of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a result of exercise in major depressive disorder.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other neurotrophins are believed to play an important role in affective disorders. In this study we investigated plasma-BDNF response during an incremental exercise test in 18 patients suffering from moderate major depressive disorder (MDD) and 18 controls. The patients were not treated with antidepressants or neuroleptics. Possible associations between plasma plasma-BDNF levels, dexamethasone suppression test cortisol levels and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores were also tested. No difference in basal BDNF levels between patients and controls was found. BDNF increased significantly during exercise in both male and female patients as well as in male controls, with no significant differences between the groups. BDNF levels declined after exercise, but after 60 min of rest BDNF levels showed tendencies to increase again in male patients. No correlation between BDNF and cortisol or MADRS scores was found. We conclude that unmedicated patients with moderate depression and normal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis do not have a disturbed peripheral BDNF release during exercise. The BDNF increase 60 min after interruption of exercise in male patients might indicate up-regulated BDNF synthesis, but this needs to be further investigated in future studies