Lipids and Fatty Acids in Human Milk: Benefits and Analysis

Human milk is related to the physiological and nutritional welfare of newborns, providing the necessary dietary energy, physiologically active compounds and essential nutrients for breastfed babies. Human milk fat has an important position as energy source, structural and regulatory functions, being one of the most important components of breast milk. It provides approximately 50–60% of the energy of the human milk, and its composition in fatty acids defines its nutritional and physico-chemical properties. Furthermore, human milk contains the long-chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids (LCPUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is important for appropriate development of baby’s organs, tissues and nervous system. This chapter will address the benefits associated with the consumption of human milk (health, nutritional, immunological and developmental benefits) as well as the analysis applied to determine the lipid quality of this powerful food

Estimativa da Infiltração da Água em um Solo de Várzea através do Modelo de Green-AMPT com Ajustes de Parâmetros

The need to find a model that describes the process of water infiltration into the soil which could be more closer to the reality is extremely important, especially considering the physical characteristics of a soil has, because a better understanding of this process is of fundamental importance for the efficient management of soil and water in agricultural crops. This study aims to validate the model of Green-Ampt in a rice-growing area. The experiment was conducted in the experimental site of Paraíso do Sul - RS, where soil samples were collected for physical analysis and used the double ring infiltrometer to obtain the values of cumulative infiltration. The results obtained through the Green-Ampt model did not generate acceptable results for application. With the development of the work, it was concluded that for the implementation of Green-Ampt model it is necessary to find a new parameter setting proposal that can describe the process of infiltration to the soil type studied.A necessidade de buscar um modelo que descreva o processo de infiltração da água no solo com maior aproximação a realidade, é extremamente importante, principalmente considerando as características físicas que um solo possui, pois o conhecimento desse processo é de fundamental importância para o manejo eficiente do solo e da água nos cultivos agrícolas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo validar o modelo de Green-Ampt em uma área de cultivo de arroz. O experimento foi realizado no sítio experimental de Paraíso do Sul - RS, onde foram coletadas amostras do solo para análise física e utilizado o método de infiltrômetro de anéis para a obtenção dos valores da infiltração acumulada. Os resultados obtidos através do modelo de Green-Ampt não gerou resultados aceitáveis para aplicação. Com desenvolvimento do trabalho, conclui-se que, para a aplicação do modelo de Green-Ampt é necessário buscar uma nova proposta de ajuste de parâmetros que consiga descrever o processo de infiltração para o tipo de solo estudado

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Ciências naturais na educação fundamental: espaço um pouco esquecido na formação de professores / Natural science in the elementary school: A little forget space in teachers training

Este texto relata uma investigação realizada sobre práticas de formação de professores para o ensino de Ciências Naturais dentro da Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas e Química. Essas práticas visam a qualifi cá-las para a promoção de mudanças nas escolas no que diz respeito ao ensinar e aprender Ciências Naturais dentro dos princípios inter e transdisciplinares. Nos cursos de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas e Química da Unijuí várias atividades curriculares são desenvolvidas em processos interativos, com participação de professores de escola, licenciandos e docentes de diversas formações. Isto tem produzido avanços nas propostas curriculares para o ensino de Ciências. Trabalhou-se com a hipótese de que é na união dos campos de investigação de currículo e de formação de professores que as mudanças do ensino podem acontecer, tanto nas escolas quanto nas licenciaturas. Há indícios de que essa possibilidade é real quando são focalizados problemas específi cos através de pesquisa educacional e desenvolvimento de propostas curriculares.This study reports an investigation on undergraduate teacher education in Biologyand Chemistry. This education process aims to qualify teachers in order to cause changes inpedagogical practices based on inter and transdisciplinary principles. The undergraduate teachereducation course in Biology and Chemistry offered by Unijuí provides several curriculumactivities that are developed in interactive processes with the participation of school teachers,undergraduate students, and professors from different areas. This has provided important advancesin curricular proposals towards science teaching according to educational research results.Firstly, we believed that the relationship between curriculum and teacher education researchfi elds can result in changes, both in schools and in teacher education. There are evidences that this is likely when focusing on specifi c problems through educational research and curricularproposals’ design

Desempenho inicial de plântulas de soja oriundas de sementes quimicamente tratadas

A soja atualmente é um dos principais produtos do agronegócio brasileiro. Diversos fatores afetam a produtividade da cultura, entre eles o número de plantas estabelecidas merece devido destaque. Grande parte dos produtores brasileiros utiliza o tratamento químico de sementes com objetivo de melhorar o estande inicial de plantas. Neste trabalho se objetivou avaliar o desempenho inicial de sementes de soja tratadas quimicamente com os principais produtos disponíveis no mercado. Utilizou-se dois lotes da cultivar BMX Turbo RR, com distintos níveis de vigor, estes foram submetidos aos três principais tratamentos químicos do mercado. Foram avaliada emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e biomassa seca de raiz, área foliar. Ocorreu diferença entre os tratamentos, no lote de baixo vigor o tratamento quatro (fludioxonil, metalaxylm e tiametoxan) melhorou o desempenho, em sementes de alto vigor o tratamento não favoreceu o desempenho das sementes.Initial performance of soybean seedlings derived from chemically treated seedAbstract: Soy is currently one of the main products of the Brazilian agribusiness. Several factors affect the productivity of the culture, including the number of established plants deserves due attention. Most Brazilian producers use chemical seed treatment in order to improve the plant stand. This work aimed to evaluate the initial performance of soybean seeds chemically treated with leading products on the market. We used two batches of growing BMX Turbo RR, with different levels of vigor, these were subjected to three main chemical treatments market. emergency were evaluated, emergency speed index, length and root dry biomass, leaf area. Was no difference between treatments in the lot of low force treatment four (fludioxonil, metalaxylm and Thiamethoxam) improved performance in high vigor seed treatment did not improve the performance of seeds

A Model for the Formation of Niobium Structures by anodization

The fluoride use for anodizing electrolytes has been primarily responsible for the formation of nanoporous oxides at valve metals, except aluminum, since it causes a dissolution process. This study presents the formation of an oxide model according to the following anodizing parameters: 100 V, 12.73 mA/cm², room temperature and the niobium samples anodized in niobium oxalate and oxalic acid electrolytes without and with the addition of HF for 5, 30 and 60 min. The anodized samples were analyzed morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the hydrophobicity of the samples was assessed by the sessile drop method. The presence of fluor in the niobium oxalate electrolyte formed oxides with lower a dissolution and a low hydrophobicity compared to the one formed in oxalic acid was attributed to the incorporation of niobium and oxalate ions. Thereby, the model proposed in this paper showed that during anodization the migration of the fluoride ion into the oxide occurs at high speed, which results in the formation of microcones, leading to the formation of discrete layers of porous oxide

Desempenho inicial de plântulas de soja oriundas de sementes quimicamente tratadas

Soy is currently one of the main products of the Brazilian agribusiness. Several factors affect the productivity of the culture, including the number of established plants deserves due attention. Most Brazilian producers use chemical seed treatment in order to improve the plant stand. This work aimed to evaluate the initial performance of soybean seeds chemically treated with leading products on the market. We used two batches of growing BMX Turbo RR, with different levels of vigor, these were subjected to three main chemical treatments market. emergency were evaluated, emergency speed index, length and root dry biomass, leaf area. Was no difference between treatments in the lot of low force treatment four (fludioxonil, metalaxylm and Thiamethoxam) improved performance in high vigor seed treatment did not improve the performance of seeds.A soja atualmente é um dos principais produtos do agronegócio brasileiro. Diversos fatores afetam a produtividade da cultura, entre eles o número de plantas estabelecidas merece devido destaque. Grande parte dos produtores brasileiros utiliza o tratamento químico de sementes com objetivo de melhorar o estande inicial de plantas. Neste trabalho se objetivou avaliar o desempenho inicial de sementes de soja tratadas quimicamente com os principais produtos disponíveis no mercado. Utilizou-se dois lotes da cultivar BMX Turbo RR, com distintos níveis de vigor, estes foram submetidos aos três principais tratamentos químicos do mercado. Foram avaliada emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, comprimento e biomassa seca de raiz, área foliar. Ocorreu diferença entre os tratamentos, no lote de baixo vigor o tratamento quatro (fludioxonil, metalaxylm e tiametoxan) melhorou o desempenho, em sementes de alto vigor o tratamento não favoreceu o desempenho das sementes