KEWENANGAN JAKSA DALAM MELAKUKAN PENYELIDIKAN, PENYIDIKAN DAN PENUNTUTAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kedudukan lembaga kejaksaan dalam melakukan penyelidikan, penyidikan dan penuntutan Tindak Pidana Kurupsi dan bagaimana proses penyelidikan, penyidikan dan  penuntutan Tindak Pidana Kurupsi kaitannya dengan birokrasi  kejaksaan.  Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Undang-Undang Kejaksaan dalam Pasal 30 ayat (1) huruf d UU No. 16 Tahun 2004 bahwa “dibidang pidana, Kejaksaan mempunyai tugas dan wewenang melakukan penyidikan terhadap tindak pidana tertentu berdasarkan Undang-undang.  Dengan jelas bahwa pihak kejaksaan dapat melakukan penyedikan tindak pidana korupsi. 2. Wewenang melakukan penyelidikan terhadap tindak pidana tertentu sebagaimana dimaksud dalam UU No. 16 Tahun 2004 termasuk didalannya adalah tindak pidana korupsi sebagimana disebutkan dalam penjelasan Pasal 30 ayat (1) huruf d UU No. 16 Tahun 2004 tentang Kejasaan RI.Kata kunci: Kewenangan Jaksa, penyelidikan, penyidikan dan penuntutan,  tindak pidana korups

Inhibition of ICAM-1/LFA-1-mediated Heterotypic T-cell Adhesion to Epithelial Cells: Design of ICAM-1 Cyclic Peptides

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.09.100In this work, we have designed cyclic peptides (cIBL, cIBR, cIBC, CH4 and CH7) derived from the parent IB peptide (ICAM-11–21) that are inhibitors of ICAM-1/LFA-1-mediated T-cell adhesion to Caco-2 cell monolayers. Cyclic peptide cIBR has the best activity of any of the peptides evaluated. The active ICAM-1 peptides have a common Pro-Arg-Gly sequence that may be important for binding to LFA-1

Science Park Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. “Wayfinding Architecture ”

Masih kurangnya industri yang melakukan kerjasama inovasi dengan perguruan tinggi menjadi permasalahan negara Indonesia untuk mencapai visi sebagai negara maju dan sejahtera pada tahun 2025. Oleh karena itu pemerintah Indonesia berencana melakukan pengembangan SDM dan Iptek yang merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mempercepat tranformasi ekonomi. Merancang science park dan techno park untuk membantu pengembangan SDM dan Iptek. Science Park untuk wilayah provinsi sedangkan Techno Park untuk wilayah kabupaten/kota Menanggapi hal diatas pemerintah dan Bappeda Provinsi Sulawesi Utara telah merancang MasterPlan untuk Science Park Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dalam bidang pertanian dan perkebunan. Penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat sebuah judul tugas akhir perancangan Arsitektur, yaitu Science Park Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Lokasi Perancangan Science Park ini berdasarkan master plan diatas dengan menggunakan tema Wayfinding Architecture. Pendekatan dalam rancangan objek Science Park Provinsi Sulawesi Utara mencakup 3 yaitu pendekatan tipologi objek, pendekatan tematik, pendekatan analisis tapak dan lingkungan. Penulis menggunakan proses perancangannya 5 langkah oleh James C. Synder dan Antony J. Catanese yaitu permulaan, persiapan, pengajuan judul, evaluasi, dan tindakan. Konkretisasi desain sebagai hasil dari proses perancangan diatas terdiri dari layout, denah, tampak, potongan, perspektif, dan gambar tambahan lainnya. Dimana tema Wayfinding Architecture diterapkan pada sirkulasi utama objek Science Park ini adalah sirkulasi linear yang didesain berliku dengan penerapan screen vista yang disengaja untuk menutupi gedung utama sehingga membuat pengunjung menjadi penasaran dan terpacu untuk terus menjelajahi jalur sirkulasi yang ada. Pada ruang dalam tema wayfinding architecture di terapkan pada sirkulasi yang didesain terpusat. Selain ruang luar dan ruang dalam, penerapan tema juga terhadap titik-titik keputusan (landmark, signage, vegetasi, hardscape) untuk membuat pengunjung tidak tersesat dan menemukan tujuan mereka

Differential phosphorylation of NG2 proteoglycan by ERK and PKCα helps balance cell proliferation and migration

Two distinct Thr phosphorylation events within the cytoplasmic domain of the NG2 proteoglycan help regulate the cellular balance between proliferation and motility. Protein kinase Cα mediates the phosphorylation of NG2 at Thr2256, resulting in enhanced cell motility. Extracellular signal–regulated kinase phosphorylates NG2 at Thr2314, stimulating cell proliferation. The effects of NG2 phosphorylation on proliferation and motility are dependent on β1-integrin activation. Differential cell surface localization of the two distinctly phosphorylated forms of NG2 may be the mechanism by which the NG2–β1-integrin interaction promotes proliferation in one case and motility in the other. NG2 phosphorylated at Thr2314 colocalizes with β1-integrin on microprotrusions from the apical cell surface. In contrast, NG2 phosphorylated at Thr2256 colocalizes with β1-integrin on lamellipodia at the leading edges of cells. Thus, phosphorylation and the resulting site of NG2–integrin localization may determine the specific downstream effects of integrin signaling

RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGHANCUR DAN PENCAMPUR BAHAN BAKU PUPUK KOMPOS

Pada penelitian ini berhasil mengumpulkan informasi tentang peningkatan kapasitas produksi dan kualitas pemotongan serta pencampuran bahan baku pupuk kompos, dalam pengerjaan mesin ini juga dapat di ketahui biaya produksi pembuatan Mesin Penghancur dan Pencampur Bahan Baku Pupuk Kompos.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dan meningkatkan kualitas produksi, serta menghitung biaya produksi Mesin Penghancur dan Pencampur Bahan Baku Pupuk Kompos.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kecepatan putaran mesin sangat mempengaruhi hasil keluaran dari proses penghancuran dan pencampuran bahan baku pupuk kompos, ini terlihat perbedaan tersebut pada putaran rpm 218 dengan hasil 88,2 kg/jam, rpm 421 dengan hasil 125 kg/jam dan rpm 810 dengan hasil 181,8 kg/jam. Dalam penelitian ini juga diketahui biaya manufaktur Mesin Penghancur dan Pencampur Bahan Baku Pupuk Kompos dengan nominal Rp. 6.959.597,- laba mesin ini adalah 30% maka harga jual Mesin Penghancur dan Pencampur Bahan Baku Pupuk Kompos adalah Rp. 9.047.476,- dengan komponen mesin dari material ST- 42

Suppression of EAE and Prevention of Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown after Vaccination with Novel Bifunctional Peptide Inhibitor

The efficacy of bifunctional peptide inhibitor (BPI) in preventing blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown during onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and suppression of the disease was evaluated in mice. The mechanism that defines how BPI prevents the disease was investigated by measuring the in vitro cytokine production of splenocytes. Peptides were injected 5 to 11 days prior to induction of EAE, and the severity of the disease was monitored by a standard clinical scoring protocol and change in body weight. The BBB breakdown in diseased and treated mice was compared to that in normal control mice by determining deposition of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Gd-DTPA) in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Mice treated with PLP-BPI showed no or low indication of EAE as well as normal increase in body weight. In contrast, mice treated with the control peptide or PBS showed a decrease in body weight and a high disease score. The diseased mice had high deposition of Gd-DTPA in the brain, indicating breakdown in the BBB. However, the deposition of Gd-DTPA in PLP-BPI-treated mice was similar to that in normal control mice. Thus, PLP-BPI can suppress EAE when administered as a peptide vaccine and maintain the integrity of the BBB

Functional Roles for CSPG4/NG2 in Chondrosarcoma

CSPG4/NG2 is a multifunctional transmembrane protein with limited distribution in adult tissues including articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible roles of CSPG4/NG2 in chondrosarcomas and to establish whether this molecule may have potential for targeted therapy. Stable knock‐down of CSPG4/NG2 in the JJ012 chondrosarcoma cell line by shRNA resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration as well as a decrease in gene expression of the MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) 3 protease and ADAMTS4 (aggrecanase). Chondrosarcoma cells in which CSPG4/NG2 was knocked down were more sensitive to doxorubicin than wild‐type cells. The results indicate that CSPG4/NG2 has roles in regulating chondrosarcoma cell function in relation to growth, spread and resistance to chemotherapy and that anti‐CSPG4/NG2 therapies may have potential in the treatment of surgically unresectable chondrosarcoma

Ablation of NG2 Proteoglycan Leads to Deficits in Brown Fat Function and to Adult Onset Obesity

Obesity is a major health problem worldwide. We are studying the causes and effects of obesity in C57Bl/6 mice following genetic ablation of NG2, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan widely expressed in progenitor cells and also in adipocytes. Although global NG2 ablation delays early postnatal adipogenesis in mouse skin, adult NG2 null mice are paradoxically heavier than wild-type mice, exhibiting larger white fat deposits. This adult onset obesity is not due to NG2-dependent effects on CNS function, since specific ablation of NG2 in oligodendrocyte progenitors yields the opposite phenotype; i.e. abnormally lean mice. Metabolic analysis reveals that, while activity and food intake are unchanged in global NG2 null mice, O2 consumption and CO2 production are decreased, suggesting a decrease in energy expenditure. Since brown fat plays important roles in regulating energy expenditure, we have investigated brown fat function via cold challenge and high fat diet feeding, both of which induce the adaptive thermogenesis that normally occurs in brown fat. In both tests, body temperatures in NG2 null mice are reduced compared to wild-type mice, indicating a deficit in brown fat function in the absence of NG2. In addition, adipogenesis in NG2 null brown pre-adipocytes is dramatically impaired compared to wild-type counterparts. Moreover, mRNA levels for PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)1-α, proteins important for brown adipocyte differentiation, are decreased in NG2 null brown fat deposits in vivo and NG2 null brown pre-adipocytes in vitro. Altogether, these results indicate that brown fat dysfunction in NG2 null mice results from deficits in the recruitment and/or development of brown pre-adipocytes. As a consequence, obesity in NG2 null mice may occur due to disruptions in brown fat-dependent energy homeostasis, with resulting effects on lipid storage in white adipocytes

Single-Step Grafting of Aminooxy-Peptides to Hyaluronan: A Simple Approach to Multifunctional Therapeutics for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

The immune response to antigens is directed in part by the presence or absence of costimulatory signals. The ability to coincidently present both antigen and, for example, a peptide that inhibits or activates the costimulatory pathway, would be a valuable tool for tolerization or immunization, respectively. A simple reaction scheme utilizing oxime chemistry was identified as a means to efficiently conjugate different peptide species to hyaluronan. Peptides synthesized with an aminooxy N-terminus reacted directly to hyaluronan under slightly acidic aqueous conditions without the need for a catalyst. The resulting oxime bond was found to rapidly hydrolyze at pH 2 releasing peptide, but was stable at higher pH values (5.5 and 7). Two different peptide species, a multiple sclerosis antigen (PLP) and an ICAM-1 ligand (LABL) known to block immune cell stimulation, were functionalized with the aminooxy end group. These peptides showed similar reactivity to hyaluronan and were conjugated in an equimolar ratio. The resulting hyaluronan with grafted PLP and LABL significantly inhibited disease in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Aminooxy-peptides facilitate simple synthesis of multifunctional hyaluronan graft polymers, thus enabling novel approaches to antigen-specific immune modulation

PDGF-B-driven gliomagenesis can occur in the absence of the proteoglycan NG2

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the last years, the transmembrane proteoglycan NG2 has gained interest as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diverse tumor types, including gliomas, because increases of its expression correlate with dismal prognosis. NG2 has been shown to function as a co-receptor for PDGF ligands whose aberrant expression is common in gliomas. We have recently generated a glioma model based on the overexpression of PDGF-B in neural progenitors and here we investigated the possible relevance of NG2 during PDGF-driven gliomagenesis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The survival curves of NG2-KO mice overexpressing PDGF-B were compared to controls by using a Log-rank test. The characteristics of tumors induced in NG2-KO were compared to those of tumors induced in wild type mice by immunostaining for different cell lineage markers and by transplantation assays in adult mice.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We showed that the lack of NG2 does not appreciably affect any of the characterized steps of PDGF-driven brain tumorigenesis, such as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) induction, the recruitment of bystander OPCs and the progression to full malignancy, which take place as in wild type animals.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our analysis, using both NG2-KO mice and a miRNA based silencing approach, clearly demonstrates that NG2 is not required for PDGF-B to efficiently induce and maintain gliomas from neural progenitors. On the basis of the data obtained, we therefore suggest that the role of NG2 as a target molecule for glioma treatment should be carefully reconsidered.</p