El derecho aduanero como instrumento de desarrollo económico y social

Este tema deberá centrarse a la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y sociales por lo que se divide en dos aspectos, el primero es el aspecto informativo, es decir la enseñanza de lo que es la integración económica-social y el segundo aspecto es la investigación de la integración económica en sus aspectos jurídico y social, sus instrumentos, instituciones y funcionamiento

RELACIÓN ENTRE CARIES DENTAL Y FACTORES DE RIESGO EN NIÑOS DE HOGARES INFANTILES DEL BIENESTAR FAMILIAR DE CARTAGENA

Objective: To describe the occurrence of caries in children of the Colombian Family Welfare Institute houses in Cartagena and the relation with risk factors for dental caries.Material and Methods: This study is cross-sectional. The sample was composed of 95 children between 5 and 6 years of age selected randomly of 5 schools of the Cartagena Family Welfare Institute. The variables were: presence of caries, caries experience, cariogenic diet, bacterial plaque >15%, responsibility of brushing thin on the child, frequency of brushing once per day, no exposition to fluorides, children of separated parents, parents of school less than secondary children attending dental consultation less than once per year, children who do not perform recreational activities, school children with misconduct, age and gender.Results: Caries prevalence was found with 51%, the risk factors with greater prevalence were: plaque > than 15% with 75%, no recreation activity practices 69%, experience with caries 58%. In reference with the disparity reasons (DR), there was found a statistically significant association between the occurrence of caries and the experience of caries DR= 18.3; with parent’s low educational level DR=11.1; with the responsibility on children for their own tooth brushing DR= 3.25; and no recreation activity practice DR= 2.57.Conclusions: The behavior of dental caries in this population was influenced by these four variables, which can be combined in different circumstances to produce the differences at a individual level.Objetivo: Describir la ocurrencia de la caries en niños de hogares infantiles del (ICBF) Cartagena y relacionarlo con los factores de riesgo para la caries dental.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, cuya muestra fueron 95 niños entre 5 y 6 años seleccionados en forma aleatoria de cinco escuelas del ICBF de Cartagena. Las variables fueron: presencia de caries, experiencia de caries, dieta cariogénica, índice de placa bacteriana mayor del 15%, responsabilidad del cepillado delgada en el niño, frecuencia de cepillado de una vez/día, no exposición a fluoruros, hijos de padres separados, escolaridad de los padres inferior a secundaria, niños que asisten a consulta odontológica menos de una vez/año, niños que no realizan actividades recreativas, niños con mala conducta escolar, edad y género.Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de caries del 51%, los factores de riesgo de mayor frecuencia fueron: la placa >15% con el 75%, ninguna práctica de actividades recreativas con 69% y la experiencia de caries el 58%. Con respecto a las razones de disparidad (OR), se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la ocurrencia de caries y la experiencia de caries OR= 18.3, la escolaridad de los padres inferior a secundaria OR= 11.1, la delegación de la responsabilidad del cepillado en el niño, OR= 3.25 y la ninguna práctica de actividades recreativas, OR= 2.57.Conclusiones: El comportamiento de la caries en esta población estuvo influido por estas cuatro variables, las cuales se pueden conjugar en diferentes circunstancias para producir las diferencias a nivel individual.[González F, Luna LM, Solana MY. Relación entre caries dental y factores de riesgo en niños de hogares infantiles Bienestar Familiar de Cartagena. Ustasalud 2008; 7: 87 - 95

P1245 Polymorphic Variants of HSD3B1 Gene Confer Different Outcome in Specific Subgroups of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2

Introduction: Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the androgen receptor (AR), through ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2, to enter nasal and upper airways epithelial cells. Genetic analyses revealed that HSD3B1 P1245C polymorphic variant increases dihydrotestosterone production and upregulation of TMPRSS2 with respect to P1245A variant, thus possibly influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our aim was to characterize the HSD3B1 polymorphism status and its potential association with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Southern Switzerland. Materials and Methods: The cohort included 400 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the first wave between February and May 2020 in two different hospitals of Canton Ticino. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, and HSD3B1 gene polymorphism was evaluated by Sanger sequencing. Statistical associations were verified using different test. Results: HSD3B1 polymorphic variants were not associated with a single classical factor related to worse clinical prognosis in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2. However, in specific subgroups, HSD3B1 variants played a clinical role: intensive care unit admission was more probable in patients with P1245C diabetes compared with P1245A individuals without this comorbidity and death was more associated with hypertensive P1245A>C cases than patients with P1245A diabetes without hypertension. Discussion: This is the first study showing that HSD3B1 gene status may influence the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. If confirmed, our results could lead to the introduction of HSD3B1 gene status analysis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to predict clinical outcome. Keywords: HSD3B1 gene polymorphism; Likelihood-ratio tests; SARS-CoV-2; androgen receptor; direct sequencing

Cnidarians as a Source of New Marine Bioactive Compounds—An Overview of the Last Decade and Future Steps for Bioprospecting

Marine invertebrates are rich sources of bioactive compounds and their biotechnological potential attracts scientific and economic interest worldwide. Although sponges are the foremost providers of marine bioactive compounds, cnidarians are also being studied with promising results. This diverse group of marine invertebrates includes over 11,000 species, 7500 of them belonging to the class Anthozoa. We present an overview of some of the most promising marine bioactive compounds from a therapeutic point of view isolated from cnidarians in the first decade of the 21st century. Anthozoan orders Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea exhibit by far the highest number of species yielding promising compounds. Antitumor activity has been the major area of interest in the screening of cnidarian compounds, the most promising ones being terpenoids (monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids). We also discuss the future of bioprospecting for new marine bioactive compounds produced by cnidarians

Pulse energy measurement at the SXR instrument

A gas monitor detector was implemented and characterized at the Soft X-rayResearch (SXR) instrument to measure the average, absolute and pulse-resolved photon flux of the LCLS beam in the energy range between 280 and2000 eV. The detector is placed after the monochromator and addresses theneed to provide reliable absolute pulse energy as well as pulse-resolvedmeasurements for the various experiments at this instrument. This detectorprovides a reliable non-invasive measurement for determining flux levels on thesamples in the downstream experimental chamber and for optimizing signallevels of secondary detectors and for the essential need of data normalization.The design, integration into the instrument and operation are described, andexamples of its performance are given