FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND NATURAL FREQUENCY OPTIMIZATION OF ENGINE BRACKET

The automotive engine mounting systems are very important due to different aspects of vehicle performance. Early in improvement the building of the engine mounting system should be rapidly checked and precisely analyzed, without sample of a vehicle authorization. Engine bracket has been designed as a framework to support engine. Vibration and fatigue of engine bracket has been continuously a concern which may lead to structural failure if the resulting vibration and stresses are severe and excessive. It is a significant study which requires in-depth investigation to understand the structural characteristics and its dynamic behavior. This paper presents and focuses on some Finite Element (FE) analysis of a typical engine bracket of a car will be carried out and natural frequency will be determined

Screening of different Fusarium species to select potential species for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Eleven different Fusarium species were isolated from various infected plant materials and screened to select a potential species for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. All the isolates were identified on the basis of cultural and microscopic characteristics using Fusarium identification keys. For the confirmation of preliminary identified isolates of Fusarium species, online BLAST analysis was carried out. All the eleven species demonstrated the ability for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. This was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which gave characteristic peak around 420 nm. Further confirmation of silver nanoparticles was carried out using nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA), zeta potential, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The smallest size of silver nanoparticles was synthesized by F. oxysporum (3-25 nm) and largest size silver nanoparticles were synthesized by F. solani (3-50 nm).Onze diferentes espécies de Fusarium foram isoladas a partir de vários materiais vegetais infectados e selecionados para escolher uma espécie potencialmente importante para a síntese de nanopartículas de prata. Todos os isolados foram identificados com base nas características de cultivo e microscópicas usando as chaves de identificação de Fusarium. Para a confirmação e identificação preliminar dos isolados de espécies de Fusarium, a análise BLAST on-line foi utilizada. Das espécies isoladas onze mostraram a capacidade para a síntese de nanopartículas de prata. A síntese de nanopartículas de prata foi confirmada por espectroscopia de UV-Vis que monstrou um pico característico em torno de 420 nm. Além disso, a confirmação da síntese de nanopartículas de prata foi realizada utilizando a análise de rastreamento de nanoparticulas (nanoparticle tracking analysis-NTA), medidas de potencial zeta, espectroscopia de correlação de fótons (PCS), difratometria de raios X de pó (XRD), e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM). As menores nanopartículas de prata foram sintetizadas por F. oxysporum (3-25 nm), enquanto as maiores foram obtidas com F. solani (3-50 nm).19741982Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Development of genic-SSR markers by deep transcriptome sequencing in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pigeonpea [<it>Cajanus cajan </it>(L.) Millspaugh], one of the most important food legumes of semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions, has limited genomic resources, particularly expressed sequence based (genic) markers. We report a comprehensive set of validated genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using deep transcriptome sequencing, and its application in genetic diversity analysis and mapping.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, 43,324 transcriptome shotgun assembly unigene contigs were assembled from 1.696 million 454 GS-FLX sequence reads of separate pooled cDNA libraries prepared from leaf, root, stem and immature seed of two pigeonpea varieties, Asha and UPAS 120. A total of 3,771 genic-SSR loci, excluding homopolymeric and compound repeats, were identified; of which 2,877 PCR primer pairs were designed for marker development. Dinucleotide was the most common repeat motif with a frequency of 60.41%, followed by tri- (34.52%), hexa- (2.62%), tetra- (1.67%) and pentanucleotide (0.76%) repeat motifs. Primers were synthesized and tested for 772 of these loci with repeat lengths of ≥18 bp. Of these, 550 markers were validated for consistent amplification in eight diverse pigeonpea varieties; 71 were found to be polymorphic on agarose gel electrophoresis. Genetic diversity analysis was done on 22 pigeonpea varieties and eight wild species using 20 highly polymorphic genic-SSR markers. The number of alleles at these loci ranged from 4-10 and the polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.46 to 0.72. Neighbor-joining dendrogram showed distinct separation of the different groups of pigeonpea cultivars and wild species. Deep transcriptome sequencing of the two parental lines helped <it>in silico </it>identification of polymorphic genic-SSR loci to facilitate the rapid development of an intra-species reference genetic map, a subset of which was validated for expected allelic segregation in the reference mapping population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We developed 550 validated genic-SSR markers in pigeonpea using deep transcriptome sequencing. From these, 20 highly polymorphic markers were used to evaluate the genetic relationship among species of the genus <it>Cajanus</it>. A comprehensive set of genic-SSR markers was developed as an important genomic resource for diversity analysis and genetic mapping in pigeonpea.</p

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO HYDRAULIC THRUSTER BRAKE FOR LIFTING MACHINE

Brakes are very important part of most important part of the crane. Failure of brakes is often associated with the sudden and massive failure. In the recent era disc brakes for a crane has become very important. And incorporating disc often asks greater efficiency and exact position stop when we apply disc brake. The power of disc brake is very higher than of conventional drum brakes. If the liner wear and tear is less and if auto adjustment is provided to disc brakes, it gives an advantage of less maintenance as well greater safety to machine and operator

Hridaya Marma Paripalanam – Preventing Hridaya Roga

Ayurveda our ancient life science believes in the proverb “Prevention Is Better than Cure†as its basic principle ofसà¥à¤µà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¸à¥à¤¯ सà¥à¤µà¤¾à¤¸à¥à¤¥ रकà¥à¤·à¤£à¤®à¥ आतà¥à¤°à¤¸à¥à¤¯ विकार पà¥à¤°à¤¶à¤®à¤¨à¤®à¥ । - चरक संहिता सà¥à¤¤à¥à¤°à¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨ १Which means Ayurveda treats the diseases but it mainly concentrates on preventing human beings to get diseases with help Swasthvrutta Acharana and Nidan Parivarjana. With this basic principle we can prevent heart diseases i.e. Hridaya roga. Ayurveda states 3 basic marma’s i.e. the vital points where Prana (live) are situated and any trauma to this spots may cause to death. Those 3 marma’s are Hridaya (Heart), Shira (head) &amp; Basti (bladder). Out of these Hridaya is one of the most important Marma, which is also a Pranayatana (where life resides) and Moolsthan of Rasa &amp; Rakta Vaha Srotas. Prevalence of Hridaya Roga is increasing in our country from last few decades because of change in life style, dietary habits, stress, drinking and smoking habits etc. due to this change in life style, young age peoples are suffering from heart disease. Hence our ancient science states that Hridaya Marma Paripalanam means protection and nourishment of Hridaya Marma is most important to prevent Hridaya Roga which is stated in the following quotation of Trimarmsiddhi adhyayof Charak Samhita Siddhisthan.हà¥à¤°à¤¦à¤¯à¥‡ मà¥à¤°à¥à¤§à¥à¤¨à¤¿ बसà¥à¤¤à¥Œ च नृणां पà¥à¤°à¤¾à¤£à¤¾à¤ƒ पà¥à¤°à¤¤à¤¿à¤·à¥à¤ à¤¿à¤¤à¤¾ । तसà¥à¤®à¤¾à¤¤à¥à¤¤à¥‡à¤·à¤¾à¤‚ सदा यतà¥à¤¨à¤‚ कà¥à¤°à¥à¤µà¤¿à¤¤ परिपालने ॥आबाध वरà¥à¤œà¤¨à¤‚ नितà¥à¤¯à¤‚ सà¥à¤µà¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤µà¥ƒà¤¤à¥à¤¤à¤¾à¤¨à¥à¤µà¤°à¥à¤¤à¤¨à¤®à¥ । उतà¥à¤ªà¤¤à¥à¤¤à¤¿à¤°à¥à¤µà¤¿à¤˜à¤¾à¤¤à¤¶à¥à¤š मरà¥à¤®à¤£à¤¾à¤‚ परिपालनमॠ॥- चरक सिदà¥à¤§à¤¿à¤¸à¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨ तà¥à¤°à¤¿à¤®à¤°à¥à¤®à¤¿à¤¯à¤¸à¤¿à¤¦à¥à¤§à¤¿ अधà¥à¤¯à¤¾à¤¯ ९/९-१०Â

Screening of Different Fusarium

Eleven different Fusarium species were isolated from various infected plant materials and screened to select a potential species for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. All the isolates were identified on the basis of cultural and microscopic characteristics using Fusarium identification keys. For the confirmation of preliminary identified isolates of Fusarium species, online BLAST analysis was carried out. All the eleven species demonstrated the ability for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. This was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which gave characteristic peak around 420 nm. Further confirmation of silver nanoparticles was carried out using nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA), zeta potential, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The smallest size of silver nanoparticles was synthesized by F. oxysporum (3-25 nm) and largest size silver nanoparticles were synthesized by F. solani (3-50 nm)

Surgical outcome of cortical dysplasias presenting with chronic intractable epilepsy: A 10-year experience

Background: There has been sparse description of cortical dysplasias (CDs) causing intractable epilepsy from India. Aim: Clinical retrospective study of CDs causing intractable epilepsy that underwent surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven cases of CDs reviewed (1995 till July 2006) are presented. All patients had intractable epilepsy, and underwent a complete epilepsy surgery workup (inter ictal electroencephalography (EEG), video EEG, MRI as per epilepsy protocol, SPECT {interictal, ictal with subtraction and co-registration when required}, and PET when necessary). Surgical treatment included a wide exposure of the pathology with a detailed electrocorticography under optimal anesthetic conditions. Mapping of the sensori-motor area was performed where indicated. Procedures included resection either alone or combined with multiple subpial transactions when extending into the eloquent areas. Results: Our study had 28 (49.12%) cases of isolated focal CDs, and 29 (50.67%) with dual pathology. Average age at the time of onset of seizures in our series was 7.04 years (three months to 24 years), and average age at the time of surgery was 10.97 years (eight months to 45 years). Among coexistent pathologies, one had associated MTS, 16 had coexistent gangliogliomas and 12 (dysembryonic neuroepithelial tumor) DNTs. At an average follow-up of 3.035 years (range 5-10 years), three patients were lost to follow-up. Fifty-one per cent (29/57) patients had a good outcome (Engel Grade I) and 26%(15/57) had a Grade II outcome. Conclusion: Cortical dysplasias have a good outcome if evaluated and managed with concordant electrical and imaging modalities