Um pouco da Teoria das Situações Didáticas (TSD) de Guy Brousseau

Este trabalho é um recorte parcial da Teoria das Situações Didáticas, de Guy Brousseau, e apresenta caracterizações acerca da utilização dessa teoria, quando sequências didáticas são preparadas para permitir a autonomia do educando na construção de seus saberes. Ela proporciona condições favoráveis ao professor para, entre outras tarefas, elaborar, aplicar, acompanhar e realizar análises, quando elabora uma sequência didática em que o aluno é convidado a construir saberes relativos a um conteúdo matemático, sem a interferência direta do professor nessa construção. O professor e o aluno firmam um contrato didático, pelo qual o aluno se compromete, tendo o professor como mediador, a se apropriar de saberes que o professor propõe ao aluno na execução das atividades propostas na sequência didática

Um pouco da Teoria das Situações Didáticas (TSD) de Guy Brousseau

Este trabalho é um recorte parcial da Teoria das Situações Didáticas, de Guy Brousseau, e apresenta caracterizações acerca da utilização dessa teoria, quando sequências didáticas são preparadas para permitir a autonomia do educando na construção de seus saberes. Ela proporciona condições favoráveis ao professor para, entre outras tarefas, elaborar, aplicar, acompanhar e realizar análises, quando elabora uma sequência didática em que o aluno é convidado a construir saberes relativos a um conteúdo matemático, sem a interferência direta do professor nessa construção. O professor e o aluno firmam um contrato didático, pelo qual o aluno se compromete, tendo o professor como mediador, a se apropriar de saberes que o professor propõe ao aluno na execução das atividades propostas na sequência didática.

“PROTÓTIPO DE UM SISTEMA ESPECIALISTA PARA CLASSIFICAR O NÍVEL DE COMPETITIVIDADE DE UMA MICROEMPRESA DE SERVIÇOS”

The article manages with the development of a prototype of an expert system to classify the level of competitiveness of a service microenterprise and explores concepts and applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Expert Systems (ES), to assist the field of Administration in the evaluation of microenterprise management in light of the application of the Resource-Based Vision (RBV) theory, which explains the microenterprise's competitive advantage, based on its distinctive resources and competences, with the aim of creating a base of knowledge to be submitted to the expert system (ES) of competence assessment developed and, therefore, to achieve the desired results according to the VRIO methodology of Barney and Hesterly (2007). The research was carried out in a microenterprise in the Federal District (DF), based on the aforementioned methodology, which analyzes the microenterprise's competitive differential according to the premises of value, rarity, difficulty to be imitated and organizationally irreplaceableO artigo trata do desenvolvimento de um protótipo de um sistema especialista para classificar o nível de competitividade de uma microempresa de serviços e explora conceitos e aplicações de Inteligência Artificial (IA) e Sistemas Especialistas (SE), para auxiliar o campo da Administração na avalição da gestão de microempresa à luz da aplicação da teoria da Visão Baseada em Recursos (RBV - Resource-Based Vision), pela qual se explica a vantagem competitiva da empresa, baseando-se nos recursos e competências distintivas, com o objetivo de criar uma base de conhecimento para ser submetida ao sistema especialista (SE) de avaliação de competências desenvolvido e, por conseguinte, alcançar os resultados pretendidos consoante a metodologia VRIO de Barney e  Hesterly (2007). A pesquisa foi realizada numa microempresa do Distrito Federal (DF), com base na metodologia mencionada, que analisa o diferencial competitivo da empresa segundo as premissas de valor, raridade, dificuldade para ser imitado e organizacionalmente insubstituível

Myiasis associated with an invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast: case study

Most breast cancers originate in the ductal epithelium and are referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. In this study we report on the clinical procedures adopted to diagnose myiasis in association with infiltrating metastatic breast carcinoma in a female patient. A 41 years old woman came to the Federal Hospital of Andaraí complaining of intense itching, warmth, redness and hardening of the breast, which had acquired the aspect of an orange peel. A lesion in the left breast was cavitated, dimpled, had fetid odor, and had fibrotic and infected air nodules filled with exudate and Dipteran larvae. The tissue was cleaned and 33 larvae were extracted. The patient was hospitalized and received Ivermectin. Eighteen of the larvae extracted from the patient were placed in 70% alcohol, and twelve were placed in a container with sterile wood shavings under controlled conditions until they metamorphosed into adults. The taxonomic identification of the flies revealed that the culprit was Cochliomyia hominivorax. A histopathological exam conducted three months earlier had revealed infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Two months after the myiasis treatment, the breast tissue had healed. The patient had waited ten days from the onset of the myiasis to seek treatment, and that delay interfered negatively in the prognosis of both the neoplasm and the myiasis. This study is relevant to public health in view of the strong social impact of myiasis

Electrocution in a Sloth (Choloepus didactylus) - Clinical and Surgical Approach

Background: High voltage electric shock causes serious injury to the body, which can lead to a fatal condition. Sloths are commonly the target of this type of accident and factors such as the degree of tissue impairment and late medical care can contribute to the death of the animal or the indication of euthanasia. In this way, the present This study aims to describe the treatment strategies in Choloepus didactylus victim of high voltage electrocution. Case: A female sloth weighing 6.15 kg was treated at the Wild Animals Sector of the Veterinary Hospital (SAS-HV) of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) victim of high voltage electric shock with burn on the right side, stomatitis, glossitis, lesions extensive and bullous lesions in the thoracic and pelvic limbs, in addition to an open fracture in the radioulnar joint of the left limb with signs of necrosis. After patient stabilization (fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, pain control, cleaning and wound dressing), the patient was admitted to the hospital. The main treatment strategies adopted were surgery, drug therapy, food and occupational therapy. The day after the patient's arrival, the amputation of the left thoracic limb was performed. On the third day of hospitalization, the right thoracic and pelvic limbs were also amputated, and on the tenth day, debridement of the right lateral face was performed. As for drug therapy, the following drugs were used postoperatively: ceftriaxone (40 mg/kg, BID, for 47 days), dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, BID, for 4 days), silymarin (15 mg/kg, BID, for 30 days), morphine (0.4 mg/kg, BID, for 14 days; 0.8 mg/kg, SID, for 22 days) and dressing wounds on the lateral face and surgical stumps with ointment based on of collagenase with chloramphenicol. In food management, the animal had good acceptance of a mixture of fruits, vegetables and animal protein in a pasty presentation. The treatment by occupational therapy included basic care such as exercising, sunbathing, and desensitizing the surgical stumps (massage therapy). In conclusion, after five months, the therapeutic protocol implemented resulted in the clinical improvement of the animal, as it allowed the complete healing of the lesions on the face and surgical stumps. In addition, the care taken with the surgical stumps allowed the animal to use them as support for its locomotion. Discussion: Amputation and debridement surgeries were effective in treating electrocuted patients and should be considered when tissue is compromised, which justifies the surgical protocol adopted in this study. They were based on reports in humans, since in wild animals, although many are victims of this type of trauma, little is known about the appropriate therapeutic approach for each species. Surgical interventions associated with the antibiotic ceftriaxone were efficient for controlling the infection, since this antibiotic has a broad spectrum of activity, being used mainly in skin and soft tissue and/or bone infections, which justified its use in that patient. As for nutritional therapy, supplementation with animal protein may have contributed to the clinical improvement of the animal, since they are excellent components for tissue recovery in patients who suffered losses from burns caused by electric shocks. Stump desensitization is indicated as a treatment for neuropathic pain in amputees, and in the present study, it was essential for the animal to use the limb for locomotion. The exercises in a grassy area associated with sunbathing added as a stimulus to the patient's movement. Keywords: two-toed sloth, amputation, nutrition, rehabilitation. Título: Eletrocussão em Preguiça-real (Choloepus didactylus) - abordagem clínica e cirúrgica Descritores: preguiça-de-dois-dedos, amputação, nutrição, reabilitação

BULK FILL RESIN AND UNIVERSAL MATRIX: case report carried out at Patos de Minas College of Dentistry

As resinas compostas convencionais devem ser inseridas em incrementos pequenos, de no máximo 2 milímetros (mm), seguindo as orientações de camadas oblíquas, na cavidade. No intuito de evitar grandes contrações de polimerização, e facilitar a técnica para incrementos maiores, resinas que possam ser aplicadas em cavidades consideravelmente profundas (4 - 5mm) em um só incremento, sem aumentar a contração de polimerização, foram inseridas no mercado. Objetivou-se relatar um caso clínico no qual foi utilizada a resina Bulk-fill posteriormente ao tratamento endodôntico. O trabalho desenvolveu-se através do método qualitativo por meio do relato de caso. O paciente do gênero masculino, 19 anos de idade, procurou atendimento na Clínica de Odontologia da Faculdade Patos de Minas – FPM queixando-se de alteração na cor do dente Pré-Molar, no qual já havia sido restaurado. Ao exame radiográfico notou-se cárie secundária e possível comprometimento pulpar. O teste de vitalidade foi positivo, porém durante a remoção da restauração a dentina estava contaminada, com comprometimento pulpar. Após o tratamento endodôntico, optou-se pela restauração definitiva utilizando resina Bulk-fill de alta viscosidade, devido a profundidade da cavidade, associado a matriz universal, devido sua capacidade de reproduzir o ponto de contato e de se adaptar ao término gengival. O tempo clínico do procedimento foi diminuído. O profissional teve facilidade técnica no manuseio do material. O ponto de contato foi obtido com sucesso. Conclui-se que as resinas Bulk-fill facilitam a técnica, diminuem o tempo de atendimento, e a possibilidade de erros, quando suas características são respeitadas, tais fatores são benéficos tanto ao profissional quanto ao paciente.Conventional composite resins must be inserted in small increments, of a maximum of 2 millimeters (mm), following the guidelines of oblique layers, in the cavity. In order to avoid large polymerization contractions, and to facilitate the technique for larger increments, resins that can be applied in considerably deep cavities (4 - 5mm) in a single increment, without increasing the polymerization contraction, were introduced in the market. The objective was to report the clinical case where Bulk-fill resin was used after endodontic treatment. The research was developed through the qualitative method through the case report. A 19-years-old male patient looking for care at the Patos de Minas College of Dentistry - FPM complaining about a change of the color of the Pre-Molar tooth, in which he had already been restored. Radiographic examination revealed secondary caries and possible pulp involvement. The vitality test was positive, but during removal of the restoration, the dentin was contaminated, with pulp involvement. After the endodontic treatment, it was decided to have a permanent restoration using high-viscosity Bulk-fill resin, due to the depth of the cavity, associated with the universal matrix, due to its ability to reproduce the contact point and to adapt to the gingival end. The clinical time of the procedure has been reduced. The professional had technical ease in handling the material. The contact point was successfully obtained. Was concluded that Bulk-fill composite resins facilitate the technique, decrease the time of service, and the possibility of errors, when their characteristics are respected, such factors are beneficial to both the professional and the patient

Ethylene and hydrogen peroxide in the aerenchyma formation in maize tolerant to intermittent flooding

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o papel do etileno e do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) na formação do aerênquima em ciclos de seleção genética da cultivar de milho BRS 4154, sob alagamento. Plantas dos ciclos C1 e C18 foram submetidas a alagamento por 7 dias, com coleta das raízes aos 0 (controle, sem alagamento), 1 e 7 dias. Foram analisados: a expressão gênica das enzimas ACC sintase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO), dismutase do superóxido (SOD) e peroxidase do ascorbato (APX); a produção de etileno e o conteúdo de H2O2; a atividade da enzima ACO; e a proporção de aerênquima no córtex. Não houve expressão de ACS e ACO. Houve variação na atividade de ACO e na produção de etileno. A expressão da SOD foi maior em plantas C1 e a da APX, em C18, com redução aos 7 dias. O conteúdo de H2O2 não diferiu entre os tratamentos. A proporção de aerênquima aumentou com o tempo, tendo sido maior em plantas C18 e relacionada à taxa de formação do aerênquima. O tempo de alagamento e o nível de tolerância do ciclo de seleção influenciam a produção do etileno. A expressão da APX indica maior produção de H2O2 no início do alagamento.The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of ethylene and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the aerenchyma formation in genetic selection cycles of the maize cultivar BRS 4154, under flooding. Plants from cycles C1 and C18 were flooded for 7 days, with roots collected at 0 (control, no flooding), 1, and 7 days. The following were evaluated: gene expression of the enzymes ACC synthase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); ethylene production and H2O2 content; enzymatic activity of ACO; and aerenchyma proportion in the cortex. There was no expression of ACS and ACO. ACO activity and ethylene production varied. SOD expression was higher in C1 plants and that of APX in C18 plants, with reduction at 7 days. H2O2 content did not differ between treatments. The proportion of aerenchyma increased with time, being higher in C18 plants and related to the aerenchyma formation rate. The flooding time and the tolerance level of the selection cycle influence ethylene production. The expression of APX indicates greater H2O2 production at the beginning of flooding

Is glass sustainable? Case study of a Portuguese utility and decorative glass industry

O pilar da sustentabilidade baseia-se na incorporação de três pontos particulares: O Social, o Ambiental e o Económico. É o desenvolvimento económico que promove a responsabilidade social e a preservação do meio ambiente, refletindo as carências atuais sem comprometer futuras gerações. Este artigo, fala do vidro como um material sustentável. A sua sustentabilidade ao longo dos séculos, fez com que fosse um material bastante utilizado nos dias de hoje pelos designers e artesãos de todo o mundo, devido a ser um material com grande capacidade para ser reaproveitado. Para a realização deste artigo efetuamos uma visita à Fábrica “FAVICRI” na qual adquirimos bastante informação para o desenvolvimento da mesma. Conclui-se que para além das especificidades intrínsecas do vidro que o tornan altamente sustentável, “amigo” do ambiente e cumpridor de um elevado número de necessidades sociais, também o processo de design pode incrementar o caráter ecológico e sustentável dos produtos de vidro.The sustainability pillar is based on the incorporation of three particular points: the Social, the Environmental and the Economic. It is economic development that promotes social responsibility and preservation of the environment, reflecting current needs without compromising future generations. This article speaks of glass as a sustainable material. Its sustainability over the centuries, has made it a material widely used today by designers and artisans around the world, due to being a material with great capacity to be reused. To carry out this article, we paid a visit to the “FAVICRI” Factory, where we acquired a lot of information for its development. It is concluded that in addition to the intrinsic specificities of glass that make it highly sustainable, “friendly” to the environment and fulfilling a high number of social needs, the design process can also increase the ecological and sustainable character of glass products

Efeitos do Tipo de Abate na Produção de Carne Bovina

O rebanho bovino nacional tem aumentado nos últimos anos, sendo necessário conhecer os processos de abate para a produção de carne e métodos para a qualidade da carne