762 research outputs found
3D Claying: 3D Printing and Recycling Clay
Clay is of great interest as a 3D printing material thanks to its ease of use, recyclability and reusability. This paper analyses the technical aspects of the whole printing process. The behaviour of 3D printing clay is studied with respect to the environment and its specific application as a temporary or definitive formwork system for cement parts. The study addresses the performance of clay and the loss of its properties and characteristics according to the type of protection, whether it is in direct contact with air or cement, or protected with plastics, metal sheets, or combinations of both. A 3D printing system with various printers and 3D models has been considered, observing a direct relationship between the prototype shape, extrusion process and resulting material. The most important variables in 3D printing have been considered: layer height, line thickness, base definition, total model height, overhang angles, overlap between layers, etc. The main technical aspects have been analysed such as raw material properties, kneading, process control, post-treatments and material hardening. As a natural material, clay can be reused indefinitely under certain conditions to be part of a circular economy with low energy consumption and minimal resources. It is concluded that the option of using ceramics in 3D printing for very diverse uses in the architecture, engineering & construction (AEC) sector is very promising due to their ease of implementation, recycling capability and suitability to different environment
MTOC translocation modulates IS formation and controls sustained T cell signaling
The translocation of the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) toward the nascent immune synapse (IS) is an early step in lymphocyte activation initiated by T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. The molecular mechanisms that control the physical movement of the lymphocyte MTOC remain largely unknown. We have studied the role of the dynein–dynactin complex, a microtubule-based molecular motor, in the process of T cell activation during T cell antigen–presenting cell cognate immune interactions. Impairment of dynein–dynactin complex activity, either by overexpressing the p50-dynamitin component of dynactin to disrupt the complex or by knocking down dynein heavy chain expression to prevent its formation, inhibited MTOC translocation after TCR antigen priming. This resulted in a strong reduction in the phosphorylation of molecules such as ζ chain–associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70), linker of activated T cells (LAT), and Vav1; prevented the supply of molecules to the IS from intracellular pools, resulting in a disorganized and dysfunctional IS architecture; and impaired interleukin-2 production. Together, these data reveal MTOC translocation as an important mechanism underlying IS formation and sustained T cell signaling
The PDZ-adaptor protein syntenin-1 regulates HIV-1 entry
Syntenin-1 is a cytosolic adaptor protein involved in several cellular processes requiring polarization. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) attachment to target CD4(+) T-cells induces polarization of the viral receptor and coreceptor, CD4/CXCR4, and cellular structures toward the virus contact area, and triggers local actin polymerization and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) production, which are needed for successful HIV infection. We show that syntenin-1 is recruited to the plasma membrane during HIV-1 attachment and associates with CD4, the main HIV-1 receptor. Syntenin-1 overexpression inhibits HIV-1 production and HIV-mediated cell fusion, while syntenin depletion specifically increases HIV-1 entry. Down-regulation of syntenin-1 expression reduces F-actin polymerization in response to HIV-1. Moreover, HIV-induced PIP(2) accumulation is increased in syntenin-1–depleted cells. Once the virus has entered the target cell, syntenin-1 polarization toward the viral nucleocapsid is lost, suggesting a spatiotemporal regulatory role of syntenin-1 in actin remodeling, PIP(2) production, and the dynamics of HIV-1 entry
Sex as a prognostic factor for mortality in critically ill adults with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Objective To assess the role of sex as an independent
prognostic factor for mortality in patients with sepsis
admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).
Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science,
ClinicalTrials. gov and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry from
inception to 17 July 2020.
Study selection Studies evaluating independent
associations between sex and mortality in critically ill
adults with sepsis controlling for at least one of five core
covariate domains prespecified following a literature
search and consensus among experts.
Data extraction and synthesis Two authors
independently extracted and assessed the risk of bias
using Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. Meta-analysis
was performed by pooling adjusted estimates. The Grades
of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and
Evaluation approach was used to rate the certainty of
evidence.
Results From 14 304 records, 13 studies (80 520
participants) were included. Meta-analysis
did not find
sex-based
differences in all-cause
hospital mortality (OR
1.02, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.32; very low-certainty
evidence)
and all-cause
ICU mortality (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.78;
very low-certainty
evidence). However, females presented
higher 28-day
all-cause
mortality (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05
to 1.32; very low-certainty
evidence) and lower 1-year
all-cause
mortality (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98; low-certainty
evidence). There was a moderate risk of bias in
the domain adjustment for other prognostic factors in six
studies, and the certainty of evidence was further affected
by inconsistency and imprecision.
Conclusion The prognostic independent effect of sex on
all-cause
hospital mortality, 28-day
all-cause
mortality
and all-cause
ICU mortality for critically ill adults with
sepsis was uncertain. Female sex may be associated with
decreased 1-year
all-cause
mortality.post-print1281 K
Transportability of non-target arthropod field data for the use in environmental risk assessment of genetically modified maize in Northern Mexico
In country, non-target arthropod (NTA) field evaluations are required to comply with the regulatory process for cultivation of genetically modified (GM) maize in Mexico. Two sets of field trials, Experimental Phase and Pilot Phase, were conducted to identify any potential harm of insect-protected and glyphosate-tolerant maize (MON89Ø34-3 × MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) and glyphosatetolerant maize (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) to local NTAs compared to conventional maize. NTA abundance data were collected at 32 sites, providing high geographic and environmental diversity within maize production areas from four ecological regions (ecoregions) in northern Mexico. The most abundant herbivorous taxa collected included field crickets, corn flea beetles, rootworm beetles, cornsilk flies, aphids, leafhoppers, plant bugs and thrips while the most abundant beneficial taxa captured were soil mites, spiders, predatory ground beetles, rove beetles, springtails (Collembola), predatory earwigs, ladybird beetles, syrphid flies, tachinid flies, minute pirate bugs, parasitic wasps and lacewings. Across the taxa analysed, no statistically significant differences in abundance were detected between GM maize and the conventional maize control for 69 of the 74 comparisons (93.2%) indicating thatthe single or stacked insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant
GM traits generally exert no marked adverse effects on the arthropod populations compared with conventional maize. The distribution of taxa observed in this study provides evidence that irrespective of variations in overall biodiversity of a given ecoregion, important herbivore, predatory and parasitic arthropod taxa within the commercial maize agroecosystem are highly similar indicating that relevant data generated in one ecoregion can be transportable for the risk assessment of the same or similar GM crop in another ecoregion
CD69 expression on regulatory T cells protects from immune damage after myocardial infarction.
Increasing evidences advocate for an important function of T cells in controlling immune homeostasis and pathogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a broad analysis of immune markers in 283 patients revealed a significant CD69 overexpression on Treg cells after MI. Our results in mice showed that CD69 expression on Treg cells increased survival after left-anterior-descending coronary artery (LAD)-ligation. Cd69-/- mice developed strong IL-17+ γδT cell responses after ischemia that increased myocardial inflammation and, consequently, worsened cardiac function. CD69+ Treg cells, by induction of AhR-dependent CD39 ectonucleotidase activity, induced apoptosis and decreased IL-17A production in γδT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD69+ Treg cells to Cd69-/- mice after LAD-ligation reduced IL-17+ γδT cell recruitment, thus increasing survival. Consistently, clinical data from two independent cohorts of patients indicated that increased CD69 expression in peripheral blood cells after acute MI was associated with a lower risk of re-hospitalization for heart failure (HF) after 2.5 years of follow-up. This result remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and traditional cardiac damage biomarkers. Our data highlight CD69 expression on Treg cells as a potential prognostic factor and a therapeutic option to prevent HF after MI.This study was supported by competitive grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
(MCIN), through the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria
(PI22/01759) to P.M.; RTI2018-094727-B-100 to J. M-G; Comunidad de Madrid grants
S2017/BMD-3671-INFLAMUNE-CM to P.M. and FSM.; Fundació La Marató TV3 (20152330
31) to J.M-G and F.S-M.; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) RTI2018-099357-B-I00, and CIBERFES (CB16/10/00282), Human Frontier Science Program (grant RGP0016/2018),
and Leducq Transatlantic Networks (17CVD04) to JAE. AC is supported by Marie Skłodowska-
Curie grant (agreement No. 713673). R.B-D. is supported by Formación de Profesorado
Universitario (FPU16/02780) program from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and
Sports. The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the MCIN and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a
Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).S
Plant characterization of genetically modified maize hybrids MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-88Ø17-3, MON-89Ø34-3 × MON-ØØ6Ø3-6, and MON-ØØ6Ø3-6: alternatives for maize production in Mexico
Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops is a process to evaluate whether the biotechnology trait(s) in a GM crop may result in increased pest potential or harm to the environment. In this analysis, two GM insect-resistant (IR) herbicide-tolerant maize hybrids (MON-89Ø34-3 9 MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 9 MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) and one herbicide-tolerant GM hybrid (MON-ØØ6Ø3-6) were compared with conventional maize hybrids of similar genetic backgrounds. Two sets of studies, Experimental Phase and Pilot Phase, were conducted across five ecological regions (ecoregions) in Mexico during 2009–2013, and data were subject to meta-analysis. Results from the Experimental Phase studies, which were used for ERA, indicated that the three GM hybrids were not different from conventional maize for early stand count, days-tosilking, days-to-anthesis, root lodging, stalk lodging, or final stand count. Statistically significant differences were observed for seedling vigor, ear height, plant height, grain moisture, and grain yield, particularly in the IR hybrids; however, none of these phenotypic differences are expected to contribute to a biological or ecological change that would result in an increased pest potential or ecological risk when cultivating these GM hybrids. Overall, results from the Experimental Phase studies are consistent with those from other world regions, confirming that there are no additional risks compared to conventional maize. Results from Pilot Phase studies indicated that, compared to conventional maize hybrids, no differences were detected for the agronomic and phenotypic characteristics measured on the three GM maize hybrids, with the exception of grain moisture and grain yield in the IR hybrids. Since MON-89Ø34- 3 9 MON-88Ø17-3 and MON-89Ø34-3 9 MONØØ6Ø3- 6 confer resistance to target insect pests, they are an alternative for farmers in Mexico to protect the crop from insect damage. Additionally, the herbicide tolerance conferred by all three GM hybrids enables more cost-effective weed management
Marco activo de recursos de innovación docente: Madrid
Una guía de espacios e instituciones para actividades educativas complementarias en enseñanza secundaria y Formación Profesional
International Consensus Document on Obstructive Sleep Apnea
El objetivo principal de este documento internacional de consenso sobre apnea obstructiva del sueno es proporcionar unas directrices que permitan a los profesionales sanitarios tomar las mejores decisiones en la asistencia de los pacientes adultos con esta enfermedad según un resumen crítico de la literatura más actualizada. El grupo de trabajo de expertos se ha constituido principalmente por 17 sociedades científicas y 56 especialistas con amplia representación geográfica (con la participación de 4 sociedades internacionales), además de un metodólogo experto y un documentalista del Centro Cochrane Iberoamer icano. El documento consta de un manuscrito principal, con las novedades más relevantes del DIC, y una serie de manuscritos online que recogen las búsquedas bibliográficas sistemáticas de cada uno de los apartados del DIC. Este documento no cubre la edad pediátrica ni el manejo del paciente en ventilación mecánica crónica no invasiva (que se publicarán en sendos documentos de consenso aparte)
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