Trayectorias de estrés familiar y laboral y su asociación con accidentes cerebrovasculares

OBJETIVOS: Reconstruir tipos de trayectorias de estrés simultáneo en el dominio familiar y laboral en diferentes etapas de la vida y estimar su asociación con accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) en la vejez. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó una encuesta retrospectiva, cara a cara, y representativa de personas de 65 a 75 años en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile (n = 802). Se empleó un análisis de secuencias multicanal para reconstruir tipos de trayectorias de estrés familiar y laboral en diversas etapas de la vida y luego se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para estimar la asociación de estos tipos de trayectoria con ACV en la vejez, controlado por factores tradicionales de riesgo cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron cuatro tipos representativos de trayectorias de estrés familiar y laboral: (1) Ausencia de estrés familiar y laboral, (2) Ausencia de estrés familiar, estrés laboral persistente, (3) Ausencia de estrés familiar, fuera de mercado laboral, y (4) Estrés familiar persistente, ausencia de estrés laboral. El 61,7% de la muestra siguió trayectorias marcadas por la presencia permanente de estrés familiar y/o laboral. Asimismo, el 18,3% tuvo una trayectoria caracterizada por la ausencia prolongada del mercado del trabajo. Las personas con trayectorias de estrés familiar o laboral persistente, así como aquellas con períodos extensos de inactividad, tienen más riesgo de desarrollar ACV. CONCLUSIONES: El estrés es un factor de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares que experimenta de manera prolongada muchas personas en distintas etapas y dominios de la vida. En consecuencia, los sistemas de prevención de este tipo de enfermedades crónicas deben enfatizar los efectos altamente nocivos de enfrentar cotidiana y acumulativamente experiencias de vida estresantes. Esto a su vez podría mitigar las múltiples consecuencias sanitarias y financieras asociadas al ACV.OBJECTIVES: Reconstruct types of simultaneous stress trajectories in the family and employment domain at different stages of life and estimate their association with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in old age. METHODS: We used a retrospective, face-to-face, representative survey of people aged 65 to 75 years in the city of Santiago, Chile, (n = 802). We performed a multichannel sequence analysis to reconstruct family and employment stress trajectory types at various life stages and then used logistic regression models to estimate the association of these trajectory types with CVA in old age, controlled for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Four representative types of family and employment stress trajectories were identified: (1) Absence of family and employment stress, (2) Absence of family stress, persistent employment stress, (3) Absence of family stress, out of the labor market, and (4) Persistent family stress, absence of employment stress. The 61.7% of the sample followed trajectories marked by the permanent presence of family and/or employment stress. Likewise, 18.3% had a trajectory characterized by prolonged absence from the labor market. Individuals with persistent family or employment stress trajectories, as well as those with extended periods of inactivity, are more at risk of developing CVA. CONCLUSIONS: Stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease experienced by many people at different stages and domains of life on a prolonged basis. Consequently, prevention systems for this type of chronic diseases should emphasize the highly harmful effects of daily and cumulatively stressful life experiences. This could mitigate the multiple health and financial consequences associated with CVA

Apropiación del modelo pedagógico Enseñanza Para la Comprensión (EPC) en el Colegio Cambridge

123 Páginas.El presente reporte de trabajo tuvo como objetivo lograr la apropiación del modelo pedagógico Enseñanza para la Comprensión (EpC) por parte del equipo docente del Colegio Cambridge. Esto básicamente por tres razones: primero, el desconocimiento, del modelo adoptado por la institución para la praxis educativa; segundo, la posibilidad de complementar el documento institucional (PEI) en la parte referente al modelo pedagógico; y tercero, en un interés por abordar actividades que den cuenta del saber, generando, de esta manera, una reflexión sobre la propia práctica del docente. Para cumplir con los objetivos planteados, se realizan una serie de actividades que consta de cuatro fases: diagnóstico, socialización, valoración y perfeccionamiento del PEI

Una aproximación a la generalización de patrones para fortalecer el desarrollo del pensamiento variacional en estudiantes de grado tercero, del colegio Isla del Sol I.E.D.

Los estudios en educación matemática evidencian como el abordaje del pensamiento variacional es una de las dificultades en cuanto en la enseñanza como en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Al respecto Vasco (2009) menciona “Una de las dificultades que se ha encontrado en la interpretación de los lineamientos curriculares para área de matemáticas es que no es muy claro qué se debe entender por “pensamiento variacional” (p.5) Así mismo, los estudiantes presentan dificultad en las Pruebas Saber de los grados tercero, quinto y noveno, relacionada con tareas de generalización de patrones. Aunado a ello, Mason, Graham, Pimm y Gowar (1999) revelan que los estudiantes de Secundaria presentan grandes dificultades en el álgebra debido a los vacíos que les deja la educación Primaria. Con base en los planteamientos anteriores, el grupo investigador (GI)1 describe cuál es el proceso que tienen los estudiantes del grado tercero, de la Institución Educativa Distrital Isla del Sol (I.E.D)2, en el desarrollo del pensamiento variacional desde la generalización de patrones. Ello a partir del seguimiento a un grupo particular, conformado por tres estudiantes, quienes se analizan desde una prueba diagnóstica inicial, la aplicación de una secuencia didáctica, entrevistas y, a su vez, una prueba final. Evidenciándose que las múltiples y variadas experiencias de generalización de patrones fortalecen el desarrollo del pensamiento variacional en estudiantes de grado tercero.Studies in mathematics education show how the approach to variational thinking is one of the difficulties in teaching as well as in the learning of mathematics. In this regard Vasco (2009) mentions "One of the difficulties that has found in the interpretation of the curricular guidelines for the area of mathematics is that it is not very clear what must understood by " variational thinking " (p.5) Likewise, the students have difficulty in the "Pruebas Saber" of the third, fifth and ninth grades, related to tasks of generalization of patterns. In addition to this, Mason, Graham, Pimm and Gowar (1999) reveal that Secondary students present great difficulties in algebra due to the gaps left by their primary education. Based on the previous approaches, the research group (GI)3 describes what is the process that third grade students have, from the Isla del Sol (I.E.D)4, in the development of variational thinking since the generalization of patterns. This is based on the follow-up to a particular group, made up of three students, who are analyzed from an initial diagnostic test, the application of a didactic sequence, interviews and, in turn, a final test. Evidencing that the multiple and varied experiences of generalization of patterns strengthen the development of variational thinking in third grade studentsMagíster en EducaciónMaestrí

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el bordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Boyacá

Tomando en consideración la exploración teórica y en análisis de los contenidos propuestos en la unidad, el informe procura dar a conocer desde una perspectiva narrativa diferentes estrategias psicosociales enfocadas en potenciar los recursos de resistencia a la población víctima de la violencia, siendo una iniciativa para el trabajo con estos, a partir de su experiencia y las diferentes situaciones de dificultad al momento de narrar su historia. Se plantea como base el análisis de relato No. 1 Luz, tomado de Comisión de la verdad, historias que retornan, donde se presenta hechos de violencia a mano de grupos al margen de ley, reflejándose la injusticia, el desplazamiento, pérdida de identidad y desintegración familiar, implicando intereses políticos, económicos y sociales; la protagonista del caso alza su voz para dar inicio a un proceso de sanación y empoderamiento a la narrativa de su historia sobre su posicionamiento como víctima y sobreviviente. En la misma línea de trabajo se analiza el escenario sobre la masacre del Salado, y cinco contextos en el departamento de Boyacá, en función a las problemáticas asociadas a los diferentes emergentes psicosociales, la violencia y el desplazamiento forzado por grupos insurgentes, los impactos generados a partir de aspectos psicológicos, sociales y culturales, implicando la resiliencia, la experiencias de transformación y la narrativa por medio de la foto voz proponiendo una secuencia de reflexiones sobre el abordaje y la propuesta de estrategias psicosociales que permitan potenciar a la comunidad resiliente.Taking into consideration the theoretical exploration and analysis of the contents proposed in the unit, the report seeks to make known from a narrative perspective different psychosocial strategies focused on strengthening the resources of resistance to the population victims of violence, being an initiative for the I work with them, based on their experience and the different situations of difficulty when telling their story. The analysis of story No. 1 Light, taken from the Truth Commission, histories that return, is proposed as a basis, where acts of violence at the hands of groups outside the law are presented, reflecting injustice, displacement, loss of identity and family disintegration, involving political, economic and social interests; the protagonist of the case raises her voice to begin a process of healing and empowerment to the narrative of her story about her position as a victim and survivor. In the same line of work, the scenario of the Salado massacre is analyzed, and five contexts in the department of Boyacá, based on the problems associated with the different psychosocial emergents, violence and forced displacement by insurgent groups, the impacts generated from psychological, social and cultural aspects, involving resilience, transformation experiences and narrative through photovoice proposing a sequence of reflections on the approach and the proposal of psychosocial strategies that allow empowering the resilient community

An 8-gene qRT-PCR-based gene expression score that has prognostic value in early breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gene expression profiling may improve prognostic accuracy in patients with early breast cancer. Our objective was to demonstrate that it is possible to develop a simple molecular signature to predict distant relapse.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We included 153 patients with stage I-II hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer. RNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and qRT-PCR amplification of 83 genes was performed with gene expression assays. The genes we analyzed were those included in the 70-Gene Signature, the Recurrence Score and the Two-Gene Index. The association among gene expression, clinical variables and distant metastasis-free survival was analyzed using Cox regression models.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An 8-gene prognostic score was defined. Distant metastasis-free survival at 5 years was 97% for patients defined as low-risk by the prognostic score versus 60% for patients defined as high-risk. The 8-gene score remained a significant factor in multivariate analysis and its performance was similar to that of two validated gene profiles: the 70-Gene Signature and the Recurrence Score. The validity of the signature was verified in independent cohorts obtained from the GEO database.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study identifies a simple gene expression score that complements histopathological prognostic factors in breast cancer, and can be determined in paraffin-embedded samples.</p

Cellular effects mediated by pathogenic LRRK2: homing in on Rab-mediated processes

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson&apos;s disease. Mutations in LRRK2 are associated with increased kinase activity that correlates with cytotoxicity, indicating that kinase inhibitors may comprise promising diseasemodifying compounds. However, before embarking on such strategies, detailed knowledge of the cellular deficits mediated by pathogenic LRRK2 in the context of defined and pathologically relevant kinase substrates is essential. LRRK2 has been consistently shown to impair various intracellular vesicular trafficking events, and recent studies have shown that LRRK2 can phosphorylate a subset of proteins that are intricately implicated in those processes. In light of these findings, we here review the link between cellular deficits in intracellular trafficking pathways and the LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of those newly identified substrates

ECOPHAGE: Combating Antimicrobial Resistance Using Bacteriophages for Eco-Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems

The focus of this meeting was to discuss the suitability of using bacteriophages as alternative antimicrobials in the agrifood sector. Following a One Health approach, the workshop explored the possibilities of implementing phage application strategies in the agriculture, animal husbandry, aquaculture, and food production sectors. Therefore, the meeting had gathered phage researchers, representatives of the agrifood industry, and policymakers to debate the advantages and potential shortcomings of using bacteriophages as alternatives to traditional antimicrobials and chemical pesticides. Industry delegates showed the latest objectives and demands from consumers. Representatives of regulatory agencies (European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS)) presented an update of new regulatory aspects that will impact and support the approval and implementation of phage application strategies across the different sectors

Prodromal phase: Differences in prodromal symptoms, risk factors and markers of vulnerability in first episode mania versus first episode psychosis with onset in late adolescence or adulthood

Objective: This study was aimed at identifying differences in the prodromal symptoms and their duration, risk factors and markers of vulnerability in patients presenting a first episode mania (FEM) or psychosis (FEP) with onset in late adolescence or adulthood in order to guide tailored treatment strategies. Methods: Patients with a FEM or FEP underwent a clinical assessment. Prodromes were evaluated with the Bipolar Prodrome Symptom Scale-Retrospective (BPSS-R). Chi-squared tests were conducted to assess specific prodromal symptoms, risk factors or markers of vulnerability between groups. Significant prodromal symptoms were entered in a stepwise forward logistic regression model. The probabilities of a gradual versus rapid onset pattern of the prodromes were computed with logistic regression models. Results: The total sample included 108 patients (FEM = 72, FEP = 36). Social isolation was associated with the prodromal stage of a FEP whilst Increased energy or goal-directed activity with the prodrome to a FEM. Physically slowed down presented the most gradual onset whilst Increased energy presented the most rapid. The presence of obstetric complications and difficulties in writing and reading during childhood were risk factors for FEP. As for markers of vulnerability, impairment in premorbid adjustment was characteristic of FEP patients. No specific risk factor or marker of vulnerability was identified for FEM. Conclusion: Early characteristics differentiating FEP from FEM were identified. These findings might help shape early identification and preventive intervention programmes

Immigrant IBD Patients in Spain Are Younger, Have More Extraintestinal Manifestations and Use More Biologics Than Native Patients

BackgroundPrevious studies comparing immigrant ethnic groups and native patients with IBD have yielded clinical and phenotypic differences. To date, no study has focused on the immigrant IBD population in Spain. MethodsProspective, observational, multicenter study comparing cohorts of IBD patients from ENEIDA-registry who were born outside Spain with a cohort of native patients. ResultsWe included 13,524 patients (1,864 immigrant and 11,660 native). The immigrants were younger (45 +/- 12 vs. 54 +/- 16 years, p < 0.001), had been diagnosed younger (31 +/- 12 vs. 36 +/- 15 years, p < 0.001), and had a shorter disease duration (14 +/- 7 vs. 18 +/- 8 years, p < 0.001) than native patients. Family history of IBD (9 vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and smoking (30 vs. 40%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among native patients. The most prevalent ethnic groups among immigrants were Caucasian (41.5%), followed by Latin American (30.8%), Arab (18.3%), and Asian (6.7%). Extraintestinal manifestations, mainly musculoskeletal affections, were more frequent in immigrants (19 vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Use of biologics, mainly anti-TNF, was greater in immigrants (36 vs. 29%, p < 0.001). The risk of having extraintestinal manifestations [OR: 2.23 (1.92-2.58, p < 0.001)] and using biologics [OR: 1.13 (1.0-1.26, p = 0.042)] was independently associated with immigrant status in the multivariate analyses. ConclusionsCompared with native-born patients, first-generation-immigrant IBD patients in Spain were younger at disease onset and showed an increased risk of having extraintestinal manifestations and using biologics. Our study suggests a featured phenotype of immigrant IBD patients in Spain, and constitutes a new landmark in the epidemiological characterization of immigrant IBD populations in Southern Europe