Fiberströ till mjölkkor – effekt på djurvälfärd, djurhälsa, mjölkkvalitet och kostnaden för strömedel

Genom att separera gödseln får man gödselfiber (fiberströ) som kan användas som strömedel till mjölkkorna. I denna studie jämförde vi 17 gårdar som använde fiberströ med 17 gårdar som använde såg-/kutterspån som strömedel i liggbås till mjölkkor. Fiberströ jämfört med såg-/kutterspån påverkade inte mjölkmängd, celltal i tankmjölk, djurvälfärd eller djurhälsa förutom att klövhälsan var bättre eftersom totala anmärkningar, klöveksem och klövsulesår var lägre. Totalantalet bakterier var högre i oanvänt fiberströ och i fiberströ från liggbåsen än för såg-/kutterspån men i tankmjölken var det ingen skillnad. Kostnaden för fiberströ varierade för gårdarna beroende på hur mycket fiberströ som producerades

Intestinal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells Are Controlled by Mucosal Afferent Nerves

Background: The maintenance of the intestinal epithelium is of great importance for the survival of the organism. A possible nervous control of epithelial cell renewal was studied in rats and mice. Methods: Mucosal afferent nerves were stimulated by exposing the intestinal mucosa to capsaicin (1.6 mM), which stimulates intestinal external axons. Epithelial cell renewal was investigated in the jejunum by measuring intestinal thymidine kinase (TK) activity, intestinal H-3-thymidine incorporation into DNA, and the number of crypt cells labeled with BrdU. The influence of the external gut innervation was minimized by severing the periarterial nerves. Principal Findings: Luminal capsaicin increased all the studied variables, an effect nervously mediated to judge from inhibitory effects on TK activity or H-3-thymidine incorporation into DNA by exposing the mucosa to lidocaine (a local anesthetic) or by giving four different neurotransmitter receptor antagonists i.v. (muscarinic, nicotinic, neurokinin1 (NK1) or calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptors). After degeneration of the intestinal external nerves capsaicin did not increase TK activity, suggesting the involvement of an axon reflex. Intra-arterial infusion of Substance P (SP) or CGRP increased intestinal TK activity, a response abolished by muscarinic receptor blockade. Immunohistochemistry suggested presence of M3 and M5 muscarinic receptors on the intestinal stem/progenitor cells. We propose that the stem/progenitor cells are controlled by cholinergic nerves, which, in turn, are influenced by mucosal afferent neuron(s) releasing acetylcholine and/or SP and/or CGRP. In mice lacking the capsaicin receptor, thymidine incorporation into DNA and number of crypt cells labeled with BrdU was lower than in wild type animals suggesting that nerves are important also in the absence of luminal capsaicin, a conclusion also supported by the observation that atropine lowered thymidine incorporation into DNA by 60% in control rat segments. Conclusion: Enteric nerves are of importance in maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier.Original Publication:Ove Lundgren, Mats Jodal, Madeleine Jansson, Anders T Ryberg and Lennart Svensson, Intestinal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells Are Controlled by Mucosal Afferent Nerves, 2011, PLOS ONE, (6), 2, 16295.http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016295Copyright: Public Library of Science (PLoS)http://www.plos.org

American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research

McDonald D, Hyde E, Debelius JW, et al. American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen Science Microbiome Research. mSystems. 2018;3(3):e00031-18

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

The consequences of a deletion of the nautical fault

Summary When a vessel is involved in an accident like grounding or collision there is often some sort of damage to the ship or even the total loss of the ship. Let us say the ship is damaged and there is a seawater leakage or similar, then it is likely that the cargo will also be damaged. In most cases where the cargo is lost or damaged the claimant will generally present the plausible argument that the carrier would have been able to reduce the damage by having made a different navigational decision. In most courts, the Swedish for example, this would be to dig your own grave. The reason for this is that a navigational error performed by almost anyone on board, except by the carrier himself, would free the carrier from liability according to law. Furthermore a fault in the management of the ship that by mistake damages the cargo can also lead to the freedom of liability for the carrier. These two grounds, available for the carrier’s defence against liability for cargo, are together called the nautical fault. The purpose of the nautical fault has a long history in shipping industry and is rather created to entail a reasonable allocation of risk than to favour the carriers (even though, yes, there have been some carrier friendly provisions in shipping over the years) as it might seem at a first glance to someone not familiar with maritime law. The way things are going, more and more support is shown for the proposal to delete the nautical fault defence from the regulations of maritime transport. Some nations have already deleted it, but Sweden, among many others, is perhaps yet to come? With the intention to achieve international uniformity on the law of carriage of goods by sea the ten year work on a new convention is coming towards an end. Notwithstanding the important goal of uniformity the long debated issue of the nautical fault has now resulted in the removal of the exoneration from the draft. As soon as the draft is signed, its ratification will be considered by a majority of states all around the world. For Sweden it is an important question since the nautical fault would then no longer prevail for the carrier’s liability defence after around 80 years of application. Therefore this thesis is summarizing and discussing the consequences that the deletion of the nautical fault would have on shipping industry, hopefully for the reader to get an idea and maybe make up hers/his own opinion

Ungdomar tycker att museer är tråkiga, eller? En studie om ungdomars attityder gentemot museer, vad de drömmer om att se i ett framtida designmuseum och hur det kan presenteras

Titel: Ungdomar tycker att museer är tråkiga, eller? Författare: Susanne Jansson och Madeleine Thyrsson Uppdragsgivare: Röhsska Designmuseum Kurs. Examensarbete i Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, Institutionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation (JMG), Göteborgs universitet Termin: Höstterminen 2011 Handledare: Malin Sveningsson Antal ord: 18356 Syfte: Att undersöka och få en förståelse för hur museum kan presentera och utforma sina utställningar så de upplevs attraktiva av ungdomar. Metod: Kvalitativ studie med djupintervjuer Material: Analys av djupintervjuer med åtta ungdomar i femtonårsåldern från olika högstadieskolor runt om i Göteborg Huvudresultat: Ungdomarna har en något negativ uppfattning om begreppet museum. När det gäller deras erfarenhet och uppfattning om att besöka museer har de en något mer positiv uppfattning. Bland respondenterna är det inte alla som är positiva till interaktion, men flertalet tycker att det är kul. Under besöket är det flera av respondenterna som föredrar en guide, men några vill allra helst uptäcka museet och utställningarna på egen hand. Ungdomarna anser sig ovetande inom området design och har svårt att uttrycka vad de vill se på museet i framtiden. Av de förslag som nämns, vill fler tjejer se objekt inom området mode. En klar majoritet av ungdomarna efterlyser i utställningarna fler jämförelser mellan då- och nutid och gärna föremål som är annorlunda och som sticker ut

An exploratory study focusing on the relationships between humans, responsive web design and technology

Användandet av mobila enheter har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren och utvecklingen av ny teknik har gjort det svårt för utvecklare att veta vilken skärmstorlek och enhet som besökaren använder sig av. Detta har lett fram till att det idag finns en gränssnittsproblematik för webbsidor på mobila enheter då de inte är anpassade efter den flexibilitet som krävs för att gränssnitten ska kännas igen på olika mobila enheter. Istället för att verksamheter ska utveckla två separata webbsidor, där en är anpassad för en mobil enhet och kontinuerligt underhålla två webbsidor så möjliggör responsiv webbdesign en förenkling av arbetsprocesser. Responsiv webbdesign har ett flexibelt och dynamiskt gränssnitt som anpassar sig efter alla mobila enheters respektive skärmstorlekar. Responsiv webbdesign utgår ofta från mobile first vilket innebär att man utvecklar webbsidor utifrån den minsta enheten först. Detta leder till att webbsidors innehåll prioriteras utefter verksamheters effektivitet. Syftet med studien har varit att öka förståelsen för responsiv webbdesign och hur den kan förbättra användarupplevelsen med utgångspunkt i tre teman: 1) människa, 2) responsiv webbdesign och 3) teknik. Utifrån dessa har vi undersökt relationer och hur de påverkar varandra. Vår frågeställning lyder därför: Hur påverkar responsiv webbdesign användarupplevelsen av webben?” Vår studies viktigaste slutsats är att man måste designa webbsidor utifrån syfte och innehåll. Tas dessa faktorer till hänsyn uppnås också en god användarupplevelse.The use of mobile devices has increased dramatically in recent years and the development of new technologies has made it difficult for developers to know what screen size and device the visitor is using. This has resulted in the fact that today there is a problem with the interface for web pages on mobile devices. They are not adapted to the flexibility required for the interfaces to be recognized on various mobile devices. Instead of developing two separate web pages, where one is designed for mobile devices and one for desktop and keep them both continously updated, responsive web design simplifies the work process. Responsive web design is a flexible and dynamic interface that adapts to mobile device and screen sizes. It is often based on mobile first, which means developing web pages based on the smallest unit first. The aim of this study was to increase an understanding of responsive web design and how it can improve the user experience based on three themes: 1) humans, 2) responsive web design, and 3) technology. Based on these themes, we have investigated their relationships and how they affect each other. Our research question is therefore: How does responsive web design affect the user experience of the web? Our studies main conclusion is that you have to design web pages based on the purpose and content. Taken these factors into account you will also achieve a good user experience