Sharing of heteroplasmies between human liver lobes varies across the mtDNA genome

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy (intra-individual variation) varies among different human tissues and increases with age, suggesting that the majority of mtDNA heteroplasmies are acquired, rather than inherited. However, the extent to which heteroplasmic sites are shared across a tissue remains an open question. We therefore investigated heteroplasmy in two liver samples (one from each primary lobe) from 83 Europeans, sampled at autopsy. Minor allele frequencies (MAF) at heteroplasmic sites were significantly correlated between the two liver samples from an individual, with significantly more sharing of heteroplasmic sites in the control region than in the non-control region. We show that this increased sharing for the control region cannot be explained by recent mutations at just a few specific heteroplasmic sites or by the possible presence of 7S DNA. Moreover, we carried out simulations to show that there is significantly more sharing than would be predicted from random genetic drift from a common progenitor cell. We also observe a significant excess of non-synonymous vs. synonymous heteroplasmies in the protein-coding region, but significantly more sharing of synonymous heteroplasmies. These contrasting patterns for the control vs. the non-control region, and for non-synonymous vs. synonymous heteroplasmies, suggest that selection plays a role in heteroplasmy sharing

Enantioselective Determination of Ondansetron and 8-Hydroxyondansetron in Human Plasma from Recovered Surgery Patients by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for quantification of ondansetron and its main metabolite 8-hydroxyondansetron in human plasma was presented. The enantiomeric separation was achieved on a Chiralcel OD-R column containing cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). The validation data were within the required limits. The assay was successfully applied to authentic plasma samples. Quantitative results from postoperative patients receiving ondansetron demonstrated a great interindividual variability in postoperative plasma drug concentrations, the metabolites were not detected in their unconjugated form. A wide variation in the S-(+)-/R-(−)-ondansetron concentration ratio between 0.14 and 7.18 is indicative for a stereoselective disposition or metabolism. In further studies CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 genotype dependent metabolism of ondansetron enantiomers as well as of co-administered drugs and clinical efficacy of the medication should be teste

Peran Kepala Desa dalam Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kecamatan Essang Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud

The phenomenon in the management of village funds, the Village Head as the holder of the power of financialmanagement and village assets, in determining the budget of village income and expenditure does not involve the componentsof society other than that the obligation to submit reports on the implementation of APBDes to the community is notimplemented. Based on the background of the problem, the purpose of this research is to know / explain the role of villagehead in managing the village fund in South Essang Subdistrict The type of research used in this study is qualitative research.The focus of this research is the role of village head in the management of village fund in South Essang sub-district.Reviewed on budget planning, implementation, and evaluation. Determination of informants is based on the criteriaaccording to the research objectives. The result of the research shows that the Village Fund Program Planning in SouthEssang Subdistrict has not gradually implemented the concept of village community participation development which isproven by participative, responsive, transparency principle, in order to realize every priority program of society needs.Villages that are held through Musrembangdes, the implementation of the Village Fund program, in the physicaldevelopment, community empowerment has been running in accordance with the planning in musyawarah kan, but theproblem is the lack of supervision by the village government to the people who cheat so that inhibition of village fundmanagement in the field of development and Empowerment. Evaluation for village funds in 2016 already underway but, insuccessful development can not be separated from obstacles in its wor

Pengaruh Tipe Kepemilikan Ultima Keluarga dan Negara Terhadap Risiko Likuiditas Bank

This research aims to examine the effects of family and state bank ownership on bank liquidity risk. The 20% ownership threshold determines the type of ownership, and the robustness test determined by the 25% ownership threshold, then bank liquidity risk is measured by Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). This study also used bank size to measure total bank assets, dummy listed or non-listed banks on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as a measure of bank capital. The data used in this research are panel data of 59 commercial banks operated in Indonesia since 2010 to 2016. Using multiple linear regression analysis with Generalized Least Square estimation, the result shows that banks owned by family or state have lower liquidity risk than banks that do not belong to family or state. This research can be a reference for The Financial Services Authority and Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation to establish strategies and regulations related to bank liquidity risk

Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines

Forensic pathologists are routinely confronted with unclear causes of death or findings. In some scenarios, it can be difficult to answer the specific questions posed by criminal investigators or prosecutors. Such scenarios may include questions about wound vitality or causes of death when typical or landmark findings are difficult to find. In addition to the usual subsequent examinations to clarify unclear causes of death or special questions, immunohistochemical analysis has become increasingly important since its establishment in the early 40s of the 20th century. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the usefulness and significance of immunohistochemical investigations on various structures and proteins. These proteins include, for example, aquaporins, which belong to the family of water channels. They enable the transport of water and of small molecules, such as glycerol, through biological channels and so far, 13 classes of aquaporins could have been identified in vertebrates. The classic aquaporin channels 1, 2, 4 and 5 are only permeable to water. The aquaporin channels 3, 7, 9, and 10 are also called aquaglycerolporins since they can also transport glycerol. This mini review discusses the immunohistochemical research on aquaporins, their range of applications, and respective forensic importance, their current limitations, and possible further implementations in the future

Kepemilikan Pemerintah, Kepemilikan Asing Dan Perilaku Pengambilan Risiko Bank Dengan Pendekatan Z-Score

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kepemilikan pemerintah dan asing terhadap perilaku pengambilan risiko bank dengan menggunakan pendekatan Z-score. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari 76 bank umum konvensional di Indonesia selama periode 2012-2018. Variabel dependen perilaku pengambilan risiko bank diukur menggunakan Z-Score. Variabel independen kepemilikan bank diukur menggunakan proporsi pemegang saham pemerintah dan asing. Variabel kontrol adalah ukuran bank, likuiditas bank, efisiensi operasional bank, umur bank, dan produk domestik bruto. Terakhir, dalam robustness test, penelitian ini membagi sampel berdasarkan dummy kepemilikan untuk melihat peran kepemilikan pemerintah dan asing pada bank pemerintah dan swasta (domestik dan asing). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan pemerintah tidak terbukti dalam mengurangi perilaku pengambilan risiko bank, sebaliknya, kepemilikan asing terbukti dalam meningkatkan perilaku pengambilan risiko bank pada seluruh sampel dan sampel bank swasta

A new simulation-based model for calculating post-mortem intervals using developmental data for Lucilia sericata (Dipt.: Calliphoridae)

Homicide investigations often depend on the determination of a minimum post-mortem interval (PMI$_{min}$) by forensic entomologists. The age of the most developed insect larvae (mostly blow fly larvae) gives reasonably reliable information about the minimum time a person has been dead. Methods such as isomegalen diagrams or ADH calculations can have problems in their reliability, so we established in this study a new growth model to calculate the larval age of \textit{Lucilia sericata} (Meigen 1826). This is based on the actual non-linear development of the blow fly and is designed to include uncertainties, e.g. for temperature values from the crime scene. We used published data for the development of \textit{L. sericata} to estimate non-linear functions describing the temperature dependent behavior of each developmental state. For the new model it is most important to determine the progress within one developmental state as correctly as possible since this affects the accuracy of the PMI estimation by up to 75%. We found that PMI calculations based on one mean temperature value differ by up to 65% from PMIs based on an 12-hourly time temperature profile. Differences of 2\degree C in the estimation of the crime scene temperature result in a deviation in PMI calculation of 15 - 30%.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

Mini Review: The Forensic Value of Heat Shock Proteins

Forensic pathologists are routinely confronted with unclear causes of death or related findings. In some instances, difficulties arise in relation to questions posed by criminal investigators or prosecutors. Such scenarios may include questions about wound vitality or cause of death where typical or landmark findings are difficult to ascertain. In addition to the usual examinations required to clarify unclear causes of death or address specific questions, immunohistochemistry and genetic analyses have become increasingly important techniques in this area since their establishment last century. Since then, many studies have determined the usefulness and significance of immunohistochemical and genetic investigations on cellular structures and proteins. For example, these proteins include heat shock proteins (Hsp), which were first described in 1962 and are so called based on their molecular weight. They predominantly act as molecular chaperones with cytoprotective functions that support cell survival under (sub) lethal conditions. They are expressed in specific cellular compartments and have many divergent functions. Central family members include, Hsp 27, 60, and 70. This mini review investigates recent research on the Hsp family, their application range, respective forensic importance, and current limitations and provides an outlook on possible applications within forensic science