Infrared radiometric technique in temperature measurement

One class of commercially available imaging infrared radiometers using cooled detectors is sensitive to radiation over the 3 to 12 micron wavelength band. Spectral filters can tailor instrument sensitivity to specific regions where the target exhibits optimum radiance. The broadband spectral response coupled with real time two-dimensional imaging and emittance/background temperature corrections make the instruments useful for remote measurement of surface temperatures from -20 C to +1500 C. Commonly used radiometric techniques and assumptions are discussed, and performance specifications for a typical modern commercial instrument are presented. The potential usefulness of an imaging infrared radiometer in space laboratories is highlighted through examples of research, nondestructive evaluation, safety, and routine maintenance applications. Future improvements in instrument design and application of the radiometric technique are discussed

The Other Side of Socioeconomic Status

Socioeconomic status is often thought of in the most basic meaning, financial fluidity. While money does buy access to a multitude of educationally relevant experiences and resources, money can not buy things like cultural awareness, peer and social interactions, life experiences or familial support. These things that come secondary in the discussion of socioeconomic status are imperative for educators to be aware of and from educators to seek to confront. There are many educational strategies and supportive actions educators can take to support students who lack in these area

Nutrition Studies of the Brindled Madtom, Noturus miurus Jordan, Based on Stomach Content Analysis

Brindled madtoms and small channel catfish (140 mm or less) were examined to determine their food habits and the possibility of competition for food organisms between the two species when collected from the same area. Two hundred twenty-three brindled madtoms were collected from Polecat Creek (study area I) 3 miles southwest of Ashmore, Coles County, Illinois. The study in Polecat Creek was conducted from July 10, 1967 to June 5, 1968, collections being made approximately every month. Two hundred forty-five brindled madtoms and 140 channel catfish were collected from the Embarras River (study area II) 2 miles south of Charleston, Coles County, Illinois. Madtoms and small channel catfish were collected from the Embarras River during the months of July through October, 1970. All specimens used in the study were collected by seining at night. Madtoms were easier to collect at this time and food organisms had undergone little digestion, which aided in their identification. Specimens collected by day seining either had empty stomachs or food organisms were in an advanced state of digestion, making identification difficult. Chironomidae larvae were the most important food item of madtoms in both study areas. Chironomidae pupae, Trichoptera larvae, and Ephemeroptera nymphs, along with Chironomidae larvae make up the major portion of the food of brindled madtoms. Seasonal variations in items eaten appeared to coincide with the availability of the particular organisms. Chironomidae larvae and pupae, and Trichoptera larvae were the most common organisms eaten by small channel catfish. The important food items of brindled madtoms from study area II were nearly identical to those fed on by small channel catfish. This competition for food could possibly limit the populations of both species when found in the same habitat. During the study it was discovered that brindled madtoms could be collected by pouring the contents of tin cans found in the water into a small net. Several madtoms were collected in this manner. Fifty tin cans were randomly placed in study area I. These were checked weekly during the summer of 1970. Each time one to 3 madtoms were collected from the 50 tin cans. Tin cans make up a minor artificial habitat for the brindled madtom

Implementation of a Guest Retention Process in the Louisville First Seventh-day Adventist Church for Maximal Evangelism Effectiveness

Problem. The Louisville First Seventh-day Adventist Church attracts approximately 250 first-time guests through its doors each year. Of these approximately 5% are actually connecting to the church through membership. The local church has no organized, effective means of connecting these guests to the church and Christ, therefore great growth potential is being squandered. The intention of this project is to increase the evangelistic impact of Louisville First and other Seventh-day Adventist churches in metropolitan areas by increasing the number of first-time guests to membership ratio. Method. A guest retention process was developed and implemented in 2010 at the Louisville First Seventh-day Adventist Church in Louisville, Kentucky, which consisted of: (a) a training of the church leadership to provide awareness and authorization, (b) a four-part sermon series to introduce the biblical foundations and details of the guest retention process to the whole congregation, (c) a training seminar to give basic hospitality training to the members of the hospitality team, and (d) a training for the follow-up of guests at Louisville First Seventh-day Adventist Church. The guest retention process was then tested to measure its effectiveness. Results. The overall guest retention process training brought greater awareness of biblical hospitality and the attendance of guests at Louisville First Seventh-day Adventist Church. The pre- and post-evaluation instrument also showed that the guest retention process was perceived to be more successful at evangelism effectiveness. Conclusion. The guest retention process project proved to be a valuable training resource in the Louisville First Seventh-day Adventist Church. This resource might be a valuable training tool for other locations as well

Nutrition Studies of the Brindled Madtom, Noturus miurus Jordan, Based on Stomach Content Analysis

Brindled madtoms and small channel catfish (140 mm or less) were examined to determine their food habits and the possibility of competition for food organisms between the two species when collected from the same area. Two hundred twenty-three brindled madtoms were collected from Polecat Creek (study area I) 3 miles southwest of Ashmore, Coles County, Illinois. The study in Polecat Creek was conducted from July 10, 1967 to June 5, 1968, collections being made approximately every month. Two hundred forty-five brindled madtoms and 140 channel catfish were collected from the Embarras River (study area II) 2 miles south of Charleston, Coles County, Illinois. Madtoms and small channel catfish were collected from the Embarras River during the months of July through October, 1970. All specimens used in the study were collected by seining at night. Madtoms were easier to collect at this time and food organisms had undergone little digestion, which aided in their identification. Specimens collected by day seining either had empty stomachs or food organisms were in an advanced state of digestion, making identification difficult. Chironomidae larvae were the most important food item of madtoms in both study areas. Chironomidae pupae, Trichoptera larvae, and Ephemeroptera nymphs, along with Chironomidae larvae make up the major portion of the food of brindled madtoms. Seasonal variations in items eaten appeared to coincide with the availability of the particular organisms. Chironomidae larvae and pupae, and Trichoptera larvae were the most common organisms eaten by small channel catfish. The important food items of brindled madtoms from study area II were nearly identical to those fed on by small channel catfish. This competition for food could possibly limit the populations of both species when found in the same habitat. During the study it was discovered that brindled madtoms could be collected by pouring the contents of tin cans found in the water into a small net. Several madtoms were collected in this manner. Fifty tin cans were randomly placed in study area I. These were checked weekly during the summer of 1970. Each time one to 3 madtoms were collected from the 50 tin cans. Tin cans make up a minor artificial habitat for the brindled madtom

A study of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) that contributes to the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and Building Related Illness (BRI) (case study : office building) / Norimah Madding

The office building is one of the important places to the building occupant especially to the staffs of the company, organization or firm. Therefore, the important factors that need to be considered are the building occupant comfort and their satisfaction during in their work environment. Typically, sources of indoor air pollutant in the building are from the building itself and outdoor agent. If contaminants sources are not removed or at least not controlled, indoor air quality (IAQ) problems may be arise automatically. The intention of this research is to study the quality of air that focus on the air particles and the environment sensitivity such as temperature, humidity and illumination. Otherwise, the level of the building occupant health that focus on the sick building syndrome (SBS) and building related illness (BRI) symptoms also become the intention to this research. The research identifies the exposure of the building occupants to the indoor air contaminants and the effect of the contaminants to the occupant health by using the method of testing, questionnaire and observation. Besides, the causes and symptoms of SBS and BRI to the building occupant bodies and health also must to identify in order to know the level of the air quality in the building that will contribute to the SBS and BRI. This research encompass of the qualitative and quantitative methodology

Singing for Blaine and for Logan! Republican Songs as Campaign Literature in the 1884 Presidential Race

During the presidential contest of 1884, Republicans used singing as a campaign tactic at rallies, meetings, and parades. Their songs may be divided into several categories, such as rally songs, songs of praise for the party and its candidate, "bloody shirt" songs, mudslinging songs, and issue-based songs. Songs provide a perspective on the overall tenor of the campaign, while a lack of songs on certain topics, such as temperance, reflects the party's reluctance to alienate voters by taking a strong stand on controversial issues. Although the campaign has often been called one of the dirtiest in American history, this negativity is not reflected in the majority of the songs

Evaluation of low assay Pu-238 oxide for use in fabrication of plasma-fired microspheres

The desirability of evaluating low assay plutonium-238 ({approximately}23% Pu-238) oxide was discussed with AEC personnel during a meeting at Germantown on July 6, 1967. In September, 1967 a sample of this material was furnished to Mound for evaluation. This evaluation was to be completed on a schedule which would not interfere with production of material for the SNAP programs, and was to include characterization of the oxide feed, and preparation and subsequent characterization of plasma-fired microspheres according to SNAP-27 procedures. Authorization to perform this work was received from DAO on September 1, 1967

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of foam rolling on range of motion, recovery and markers of athletic performance

Objective To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis assessing the effects of foam rolling on range of motion, laboratory- and field-based athletic measures, and on recovery. Data sources MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Science Direct were searched (2005–June 2018). Study selection Experimental and observational studies were included if they examined the effects of foam rolling on measures of athletic performance in field or laboratory settings. Data extraction Two investigators independently assessed methodologic quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Study characteristics including participant age, sex and physical activity status, foam rolling protocol and pre- and post-intervention mean outcome measures were extracted. Data synthesis A total of 32 studies (mean PEDro = 5.56) were included in the qualitative analysis, which was themed by range of motion, laboratory-based measures, field-based measures and recovery. Thirteen range of motion studies providing 18 datasets were included in the meta-analysis. A large effect (d = 0.76, 95% CI 0.55–0.98) was observed, with foam rolling increasing range of motion in all studies in the analysis. Conclusions Foam rolling increases range of motion, appears to be useful for recovery from exercise induced muscle damage, and there appear to be no detrimental effect of foam rolling on other athletic performance measures. However, except range of motion, it cannot be concluded that foam rolling is directly beneficial to athletic performance. Foam rolling does not appear to cause harm and seems to elicit equivalent effects in males and females

Tokyo Guidelines 2018 surgical management of acute cholecystitis:safe steps in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (with videos)

In some cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may be difficult to perform in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) with severe inflammation and fibrosis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) expand the indications for LC under difficult conditions for each level of severity of AC. As a result of expanding the indications for LC to treat AC, it is absolutely necessary to avoid any increase in bile duct injury (BDI), particularly vasculo-biliary injury (VBI), which is known to occur at a certain rate in LC. Since the Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13), an attempt has been made to assess intraoperative findings as objective indicators of surgical difficulty; based on expert consensus on these difficulty indicators, bail-out procedures (including conversion to open cholecystectomy) have been indicated for cases in which LC for AC is difficult to perform. A bail-out procedure should be chosen if, when the Calot's triangle is appropriately retracted and used as a landmark, a critical view of safety (CVS) cannot be achieved because of the presence of nondissectable scarring or severe fibrosis. We propose standardized safe steps for LC to treat AC. To achieve a CVS, it is vital to dissect at a location above (on the ventral side of) the imaginary line connecting the base of the left medial section (Segment 4) and the roof of Rouviere's sulcus and to fulfill the three criteria of CVS before dividing any structures. Achieving a CVS prevents the misidentification of the cystic duct and the common bile duct, which are most commonly confused. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: . Related clinical questions and references are also include