Estudio del potencial de generación de energía eléctrica a partir del biogás de digestión anaeróbia de residuos alimentarios

A fim de encontrar maneiras sustentáveis de destinar os resíduos orgânicos, busca-se atualmente utilizar-se de processos biológicos para tratamento, sendo possível utilizar seus derivados como fonte de energia e adubo. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os dados de uma pesquisa a qual avaliou o potencial energético do biogás produzido a partir da biodigestão anaeróbia do resíduo alimentar produzido pelo restaurante Sem Nome no município de Itajubá – MG. Foi construído um projeto piloto, constituído por três garrafas PET´s, as quais serviram como reatores, além de outros objetos como válvula de gás, mangueira de alta pressão e controle de temperatura. Foi monitorado a produção de CH4, CO, CO2, O2, H2S, Temperatura e Pressão, além da realização de análises físicas e químicas as quais avaliaram os parâmetros como ST, STF, SV, DBO, DQO e pH. A concentração de CH4 no biogás, assim como o potencial energético, foram estimados teoricamente, devido a falhas no sistema de biodigestão como quedas constantes de temperatura e presença de rupturas nos reatores, causando infiltração de gás atmosférico. Portando, considerando condições favoráveis para realização da biodigestão anaeróbia, e com base em dados fornecidos pela literatura, estimou-se a produção de CH4, assim como o potencial energético do restaurante, conferindo 65,65 L/dia de CH4 durante a semana e 87,54 L/dia nos fins de semanas e feriados, disponibilizando mensalmente 6.569,86 kWh de energia. Com esses dados, foi possível confirmar a eficiência da metanização como um sistema sustentável de destinação dos resíduos orgânicos, além de auxiliar na geração de energia elétrica.In order to find sustainable ways of allocating organic waste, it is currently sought to use biological processes for treatment, being possible to use their derivatives as energy source and fertilizer. The article aims to analyze the results of a research that evaluated the energy potential of the biogas produced from the anaerobic biodigestion of the food residue produced by the restaurant “Sem Nome” in the municipality of Itajubá – MG. A pilot project was built, consisting of three PET bottles, which served as reactors, in addition to other objects such as gas valve, high pressure hose and temperature control. The production of CH4, CO, CO2, O2, H2S, Temperature and Pressure was monitored, as well as physical and chemical analyzes, which evaluated parameters such as ST, STF, SV, BOD, COD and pH. The concentration of CH4 in the biogas, as well as the energy potential, was theoretically estimated, due to the shortcoming in biodigestion system such as constant temperature drops and the presence of ruptures in the reactors, causing atmospheric gas infiltration. Therefore, assuming favorable conditions for the realization of anaerobic biodigestion and based on data provided by the literatur, CH4 production was estimated as well as the restaurant's energy potential, giving 65.65 L / day of CH4 during the week and 87.54 L / day on weekends and public holidays, making available a monthly 6,569.86 kWh of energy. With this data, it was possible to confirm the efficiency of methanization as a sustainable system for the disposal of organic waste, as well as to assist in the generation of electric energy.Con el fin de encontrar formas sostenibles para destinar los residuos orgánicos, se busca actualmente emplear procesos biológicos para su tratamiento, siendo posible utilizar sus derivados como fuente de energía y abono. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los datos de una investigación en la que se que evaluó el potencial energético del biogás producido a partir de la biodigestión anaeróbica del residuo alimentario producido por el restaurante “Sem Nome” en el municipio de Itajubá - MG. Se construyó un proyecto piloto, constituido por tres botellas PET’s, las que sirvieron como reactores, además de otros objetos como válvula de gas, manguera de alta presión y control de temperatura. Se ha monitoreado la producción de CH4, CO, CO2, O2, H2S, Temperatura y Presión, además de la realización de análisis físicos y químicos que evaluaron parámetros como ST, STF, SV, DBO, DQO y pH. La concentración de CH4 en el biogás, como potencial energético, fue estimada teóricamente, debido a fallas en el sistema de biodigestión, como variaciones constantes de temperatura y la presencia de rupturas en el reactor, causando infiltración de gas atmosférico. Por lo tanto, considerando las condiciones favorables para la realización de la biodigestión anaeróbica, y sobre la base de datos proporcionados por la literatura, se estimó la producción de CH4, así como el potencial energético del restaurante, otorgando 65,65 L / día de CH4 durante la semana y 87 , 54 L / día en los fines de semanas y feriados, ofreciendo mensualmente 6.569,86 kWh de energía. Con estos datos, fue posible confirmar la eficiencia de la metanización como un sistema sostenible de destino de los residuos orgánicos, además de auxiliar en la generación de energía eléctrica

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Estudo do potencial de geração de energia elétrica a partir do biogás de digestão anaeróbia de resíduos alimentares

In order to find sustainable ways of allocating organic waste, it is currently sought to use biological processes for treatment, being possible to use their derivatives as energy source and fertilizer. The article aims to analyze the results of a research that evaluated the energy potential of the biogas produced from the anaerobic biodigestion of the food residue produced by the restaurant “Sem Nome” in the municipality of Itajubá – MG. A pilot project was built, consisting of three PET bottles, which served as reactors, in addition to other objects such as gas valve, high pressure hose and temperature control. The production of CH4, CO, CO2, O2, H2S, Temperature and Pressure was monitored, as well as physical and chemical analyzes, which evaluated parameters such as ST, STF, SV, BOD, COD and pH. The concentration of CH4 in the biogas, as well as the energy potential, was theoretically estimated, due to the shortcoming in biodigestion system such as constant temperature drops and the presence of ruptures in the reactors, causing atmospheric gas infiltration. Therefore, assuming favorable conditions for the realization of anaerobic biodigestion and based on data provided by the literatur, CH4 production was estimated as well as the restaurant's energy potential, giving 65.65 L / day of CH4 during the week and 87.54 L / day on weekends and public holidays, making available a monthly 6,569.86 kWh of energy. With this data, it was possible to confirm the efficiency of methanization as a sustainable system for the disposal of organic waste, as well as to assist in the generation of electric energy.A fim de encontrar maneiras sustentáveis de destinar os resíduos orgânicos, busca-se atualmente utilizar-se de processos biológicos para tratamento, sendo possível utilizar seus derivados como fonte de energia e adubo. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os dados de uma pesquisa a qual avaliou o potencial energético do biogás produzido a partir da biodigestão anaeróbia do resíduo alimentar produzido pelo restaurante Sem Nome no município de Itajubá – MG. Foi construído um projeto piloto, constituído por três garrafas PET´s, as quais serviram como reatores, além de outros objetos como válvula de gás, mangueira de alta pressão e controle de temperatura. Foi monitorado a produção de CH4, CO, CO2, O2, H2S, Temperatura e Pressão, além da realização de análises físicas e químicas as quais avaliaram os parâmetros como ST, STF, SV, DBO, DQO e pH. A concentração de CH4 no biogás, assim como o potencial energético, foram estimados teoricamente, devido a falhas no sistema de biodigestão como quedas constantes de temperatura e presença de rupturas nos reatores, causando infiltração de gás atmosférico. Portando, considerando condições favoráveis para realização da biodigestão anaeróbia, e com base em dados fornecidos pela literatura, estimou-se a produção de CH4, assim como o potencial energético do restaurante, conferindo 65,65 L/dia de CH4 durante a semana e 87,54 L/dia nos fins de semanas e feriados, disponibilizando mensalmente 6.569,86 kWh de energia. Com esses dados, foi possível confirmar a eficiência da metanização como um sistema sustentável de destinação dos resíduos orgânicos, além de auxiliar na geração de energia elétrica.Con el fin de encontrar formas sostenibles para destinar los residuos orgánicos, se busca actualmente emplear procesos biológicos para su tratamiento, siendo posible utilizar sus derivados como fuente de energía y abono. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los datos de una investigación en la que se que evaluó el potencial energético del biogás producido a partir de la biodigestión anaeróbica del residuo alimentario producido por el restaurante “Sem Nome” en el municipio de Itajubá - MG. Se construyó un proyecto piloto, constituido por tres botellas PET’s, las que sirvieron como reactores, además de otros objetos como válvula de gas, manguera de alta presión y control de temperatura. Se ha monitoreado la producción de CH4, CO, CO2, O2, H2S, Temperatura y Presión, además de la realización de análisis físicos y químicos que evaluaron parámetros como ST, STF, SV, DBO, DQO y pH. La concentración de CH4 en el biogás, como potencial energético, fue estimada teóricamente, debido a fallas en el sistema de biodigestión, como variaciones constantes de temperatura y la presencia de rupturas en el reactor, causando infiltración de gas atmosférico. Por lo tanto, considerando las condiciones favorables para la realización de la biodigestión anaeróbica, y sobre la base de datos proporcionados por la literatura, se estimó la producción de CH4, así como el potencial energético del restaurante, otorgando 65,65 L / día de CH4 durante la semana y 87 , 54 L / día en los fines de semanas y feriados, ofreciendo mensualmente 6.569,86 kWh de energía. Con estos datos, fue posible confirmar la eficiencia de la metanización como un sistema sostenible de destino de los residuos orgánicos, además de auxiliar en la generación de energía eléctrica

Análises Mutagênicas de Anuros em Áreas de Mineração de Níquel

Resumo: o Biomonitoramento pode ser definido como o uso sistemático das respostas de organismos vivos para avaliar as mudanças no ambiente, geralmente causadas por ações humanas. Neste artigo utilizamos anfíbios anuros como bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental e o teste de micronúcleo como biomarcador. Esta análise é útil para indicar a sensibilidade dos organismos a agentes genotóxicos ambientais. Palavras-chave: Micronúcleos. Anfíbios anuros. Bioindicadores. Biomarcadores

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)