Relação entre a organização da sala de aula em grupos e a participação dos estudantes em atividades de produção oral nas aulas de inglês como língua estrangeira em uma escola secundaria no Chile

En el contexto chileno, las salas de clases tienden a tener una organización vertical, comúnmente conocida como filas. Este trabajo de investigación-acción busca conocer los efectos de cambiar esta distribución de filas a grupos, en la participación de los estudiantes en actividades de producción oral en clases de inglés. Este estudio fue llevado a cabo durante un mes y comprendió dos fases: la primera, con la sala de clases organizada en filas, y la segunda, en grupos. Cada fase fue grabada y se entrevistó a una muestra de estudiantes para analizar sus percepciones sobre los dos tipos de organización y su participación en clases. Los resultados mostraron que la organización en grupos estimula la interacción entre los estudiantes, quienes muestran una actitud positiva hacia la nueva organización de la sala de clases y parecen motivados a participar, aun cuando mayoritariamente hablaron en español. No obstante, los participantes valoraron la oportunidad de interactuar con sus compañeros en un ambiente relajado y acogedor

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Search for gravitational waves associated with the InterPlanetary Network short gamma ray bursts

We outline the scientific motivation behind a search for gravitational waves associated with short gamma ray bursts detected by the InterPlanetary Network (IPN) during LIGO's fifth science run and Virgo's first science run. The IPN localisation of short gamma ray bursts is limited to extended error boxes of different shapes and sizes and a search on these error boxes poses a series of challenges for data analysis. We will discuss these challenges and outline the methods to optimise the search over these error boxes.Comment: Methods paper; Proceedings for Eduardo Amaldi 9 Conference on Gravitational Waves, July 2011, Cardiff, U

Voluntariado y las diferentes motivaciones que lo impulsan

The review article sought to answer the question: What are the different motivations that drive volunteering? and the objective is to determine the main motivations that people have for volunteering. The methodology used was qualitative, under the IMRyD format, of a non-systematic review of the scientific literature in the closed access databases EbscoHost and ProQuest and open access Scielo with a total of 18 articles selected under an intentional non-probabilistic sampling that had As inclusion criteria, only articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese, that answered the research question, between the years 2018 to 2023 and with a DOI identifier. The results showed that the authors pointed out the existence of different motivators to carry out volunteering, being a multi-motivated activity and that, for the most part, they can be grouped into internal (intrinsic) motivators of the person such as faith, values, strong personal desire, overcoming problems, the feeling of success, the experiences lived, etc. and external (extrinsic) such as the influence of family, friends, the community, the environment where volunteering takes place, among others. It was concluded that there are different motivators for volunteering that should be taken into account to carry out a correct combination of strategies that consider both aspects and to be able to attract and retain more volunteers, making the various programs executed sustainable. The limitations were the closed access that other important databases have that could not be included.El artículo de revisión buscó responder la pregunta ¿Cuáles son las diferentes motivaciones que impulsan el voluntariado? y como objetivo determinar las principales motivaciones que tienen las personas para realizar voluntariado. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa, bajo el formato IMRyD, de revisión no sistemática de la literatura científica en las bases de datos de acceso cerrado EbscoHost y ProQuest y de acceso abierto Scielo con un total de 18 artículos seleccionados bajo un muestreo no probabilístico intencional que tuvo como criterios de inclusión sólo los artículos en inglés, español y portugués, que respondieran la pregunta de investigación, entre los años 2018 al 2023 y con identificador DOI. Los resultados demostraron que los autores señalaron la existencia de diferentes motivadores para realizar el voluntariado, siendo una actividad polimotivada y que, en su mayoría, se pueden agrupar en motivadores internos (intrínsecos) propios de la persona como la fe, los valores, el fuerte deseo  personal, la superación de problemas, la sensación de éxito, las experiencias vividas, etc. y externos (extrínsecos) como la influencia de la familia, amigos, la comunidad, el ambiente donde se desarrolla el voluntariado, entre otros. Se concluyó que existen diferentes motivadores para realizar el voluntariado que deberían ser tomados muy en cuenta para realizar una correcta combinación de estrategias que consideren ambos aspectos y poder captar y retener más voluntarios haciendo sostenibles los diversos programas ejecutados. Las limitaciones fueron el acceso cerrado que tienen otras bases de datos importantes que no pudieron ser incluidas

Frequency of nut consumption and mortality risk in the PREDIMED nutrition intervention trial

BackgroundProspective studies in non-Mediterranean populations have consistently related increasing nut consumption to lower coronary heart disease mortality. A small protective effect on all-cause and cancer mortality has also been suggested. To examine the association between frequency of nut consumption and mortality in individuals at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a Mediterranean country with a relatively high average nut intake per person.MethodsWe evaluated 7,216 men and women aged 55 to 80 years randomized to 1 of 3 interventions (Mediterranean diets supplemented with nuts or olive oil and control diet) in the PREDIMED (‘PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea’) study. Nut consumption was assessed at baseline and mortality was ascertained by medical records and linkage to the National Death Index. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression and multivariable analyses with generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the association between yearly repeated measurements of nut consumption and mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 323 total deaths, 81 cardiovascular deaths and 130 cancer deaths occurred. Nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (P for trend 3 servings/week (32% of the cohort) had a 39% lower mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.83). A similar protective effect against cardiovascular and cancer mortality was observed. Participants allocated to the Mediterranean diet with nuts group who consumed nuts >3 servings/week at baseline had the lowest total mortality risk (HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.66).ConclusionsIncreased frequency of nut consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.Please see related commentary: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/165.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005

Control interno y la rentabilidad de la empresa Albis Perú E.I.R.L. de Jaén - 2020

Objective: To determine the level of relationship between internal control and profitability of the company ALBIS PERU EIRL of Jaen, 2020. In the same way they resolved to handle a quantitative approach, with non- experimental design, cross-sectional, applied type, with causal correlational level, the technique used was the survey and the instrument was the questionnaire, which was applied to 45 workers in the area of logistics, accounting, decision making, warehouse and marketing of the company ALBIS PERU EIRL of Jaén, 2020. Obtaining a Spearman's Rho of 0.440, showing that internal control has a direct linear relationship with profitability, in the same way, the Sig. was less than 0.05, allowing to accept the research hypothesis. The most relevant conclusion was that as long as the control environment, control activities and supervision or monitoring are developed efficiently, the economic profitability of ALBIS PERU EIRL can be improved.Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de relación del control interno y la rentabilidad de la empresa ALBIS PERU EIRL de Jaén, 2020. De la misma manera resolvieron manejar un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, de tipo aplicada, con nivel correlacional causal, la técnica manejada fue la encuesta y el instrumento fue el cuestionario, el cual, fue aplicado a 45 trabajadores del área de logística, contabilidad, toma de decisiones, almacén y comercialización de la empresa ALBIS PERU EIRL de Jaén, 2020. Obteniendo un Rho de Spearman del 0,440, evidenciando que el control interno posee una relación directa lineal con la rentabilidad, de la misma forma la Sig., fue menor del 0.05, permitiendo aceptar la hipótesis de investigación. La conclusión más relevante fue que mientras se desarrolle eficientemente el entorno de control, las actividades de control y la supervisión o monitoreo se podrá mejorar la rentabilidad económica de la empresa ALBIS PERU EIRL

Effects of a school-based intervention on active commuting to school and health-related fitness

Background: Active commuting to school has declined over time, and interventions are needed to reverse this trend. The main objective was to investigate the effects of a school-based intervention on active commuting to school and health-related fitness in school-age children of Southern Spain. Methods: A total of 494 children aged 8 to 11 years were invited to participate in the study. The schools were non-randomly allocated (i.e., school level allocation) into the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG). The EG received an intervention program for 6 months (a monthly activity) focused on increasing the level of active commuting to school and mainly targeting children’s perceptions and attitudes. Active commuting to school and health-related fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and speed-agility), were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Children with valid data on commuting to school at baseline and follow-up, sex, age and distance from home to school were included in the final analysis (n = 251). Data was analyzed through a factorial ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: At follow up, the EG had higher rates of cycling to school than CG for boys only (p = 0.04), but not for walking to school for boys or girls. The EG avoided increases in the rates of passive commuting at follow up, which increased in the CG among girls for car (MD = 1.77; SE = 0.714; p = 0.010) and bus (MD = 1.77; SE = 0.714; p = 0.010) modes. Moreover, we observed significant interactions and main effects between independent variables (study group, sex and assessment time point) on health-related fitness (p < 0.05) over the 6-month period between groups, with higher values in the control group (mainly in boys). Conclusion: A school-based intervention focused on increasing active commuting to school was associated with increases in rates of cycling to school among boys, but not for walking to school or health-related fitness. However, the school-based intervention avoided increases in rates of passive commuting in the experimental group, which were significantly increased in girls of the control group

DRB1*03:01 Haplotypes: Differential Contribution to Multiple Sclerosis Risk and Specific Association with the Presence of Intrathecal IgM Bands

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease with a genetic basis. The strongest associations with the disease lie in the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region. However, except for the DRB1*15:01 allele, the main risk factor associated to MS so far, no consistent effect has been described for any other variant. One example is HLA-DRB1*03:01, with a heterogeneous effect across populations and studies. We postulate that those discrepancies could be due to differences in the diverse haplotypes bearing that allele. Thus, we aimed at studying the association of DRB1*03:01 with MS susceptibility considering this allele globally and stratified by haplotypes. We also evaluated the association with the presence of oligoclonal IgM bands against myelin lipids (OCMB) in cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS: Genotyping of HLA-B, -DRB1 and -DQA1 was performed in 1068 MS patients and 624 ethnically matched healthy controls. One hundred and thirty-nine MS patients were classified according to the presence (M+, 58 patients)/absence (M-, 81 patients) of OCMB. Comparisons between groups (MS patients vs. controls and M+ vs. M-) were performed with the chi-square test or the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Association of DRB1*03:01 with MS susceptibility was observed but with different haplotypic contribution, being the ancestral haplotype (AH) 18.2 the one causing the highest risk. Comparisons between M+, M- and controls showed that the AH 18.2 was affecting only M+ individuals, conferring a risk similar to that caused by DRB1*15:01. CONCLUSIONS: The diverse DRB1*03:01-containing haplotypes contribute with different risk to MS susceptibility. The AH 18.2 causes the highest risk and affects only to individuals showing OCMB

The research on the immuno-modulatory defect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients

Overwhelming evidence from leukemia research has shown that the clonal population of neoplastic cells exhibits marked heterogeneity with respect to proliferation and differentiation. There are rare stem cells within the leukemic population that possess extensive proliferation and self-renewal capacity not found in the majority of the leukemic cells. These leukemic stem cells are necessary and sufficient to maintain the leukemia. While the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) origin of CML was first suggested over 30 years ago, recently CML-initiating cells beyond HSCs are also being investigated. We have previously isolated fetal liver kinase-1-positive (Flk1+) cells carrying the BCR/ABL fusion gene from the bone marrow of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) patients with hemangioblast property. Here, we showed that CML patient-derived Flk1+CD31-CD34-MSCs had normal morphology, phenotype and karyotype but appeared impaired in immuno-modulatory function. The capacity of patient Flk1+CD31-CD34- MSCs to inhibit T lymphocyte activation and proliferation was impaired in vitro. CML patient-derived MSCs have impaired immuno-modulatory functions, suggesting that the dysregulation of hematopoiesis and immune response may originate from MSCs rather than HSCs. MSCs might be a potential target for developing efficacious cures for CML