9 research outputs found

    Transitions of cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Americas between 1980 and 2014

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    Describing the prevalence and trends of cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is crucial for monitoring progress, planning prevention, and providing evidence to support policy efforts. We aimed to analyse the transition in body-mass index (BMI), obesity, blood pressure, raised blood pressure, and diabetes in the Americas, between 1980 and 2014

    Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

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    Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

    Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e tabagismo: associação com inatividade física no lazer e comportamento sedentário

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    Objetivo: Analisar a associação da exposição ao consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e tabagismo com inatividade física no lazer (INL) e comportamento sedentário (CS) em adolescentes. Método: Trata‐se de estudo transversal com amostra representativa de estudantes do ensino médio da rede pública estadual de Pernambuco (n = 4.207, 14‐19 anos). Os dados foram coletados mediante questionário previamente validado. O tempo assistindo televisão foi usado como medida do comportamento sedentário em dias de semana (CSS) e também, no final de semana (CFS) (> 2 horas/dia = «exposto») a comportamento sedentário. A falta de prática de atividade física no tempo livre como INL. Recorreu‐se à regressão logística binária para análise de associação entre as variáveis, considerando‐se como desfechos a INL e o CS. Resultados: As prevalências encontradas foram de INL = 38,2% (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 36,7‐39,7), CSS = 40,8% (IC 95%: 39,3‐42,3) e CFS = 49,9% (IC 95%: 48,4‐51,4). Após ajustamento (fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e escolares), a exposição a consumo de álcool e tabagismo foram inversamente associados à INL. Os adolescentes que consumiram bebidas alcoólicas tinham chance 27% inferior de INL comparados aos que não consumiram álcool. De forma semelhante, os estudantes fumantes tinham chance 28% inferior de INL do que aqueles que não fumavam. Em relação ao CS, verificou‐se que os estudantes fumantes tinham chance 28% menor de exposição a CSF. Conclusão: O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e tabagismo são fatores inversamente associados à INL e CSF, confirmando achados já relatados na literatura em estudos com adultos

    Prevalência e fatores associados a níveis insuficientes de atividade física em jovens estudantes de duas cidades Brasileiras: últimos sete dias e semana típica ou normal Prevalence and associated factors to insufficient level physical activity and in youth from two city of Brazil: last seven days or typical week

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    Este estudo comparou as prevalências de níveis insuficientes de atividade física e fatores associados determinados a partir da medida das atividades físicas praticadas nos últimos sete dias e durante uma semana típica ou normal. Trata-se de uma análise transversal dos dados de base ("baseline data") de uma intervenção escolar randomizada (Projeto Saúde na Boa), que incluiu 2.096 jovens (15-24 anos; 55,6% do sexo feminino), de 20 escolas públicas (10 em Florianópolis e 10 em Recife), pareadas por tamanho e localização geográfica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário previamente validado. Foram classificados como "insuficientemente ativos" os sujeitos que não atingiram dose recomendada de prática de atividades físicas (> 60 minutos diários de atividades físicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa, > 5dias/semana). A medida de atividade física foi efetuada considerando dois períodos de referência: os últimos sete dias e uma semana típica ou normal. A medida das atividades físicas praticadas considerando a referência dos últimos sete dias resultou em prevalência mais elevada de níveis insuficientes de atividade física em comparação à medida considerando a referência da semana típica ou normal (60,8% vs. 54,6%; p < 0,001). Independentemente do período de referência da medida de atividade física, foram identificados os mesmos fatores associados a níveis insuficientes de atividade física, com uma discreta variação na magnitude das medidas de associação desse desfecho com os fatores analisados. Utilizar os últimos sete dias ou uma semana típica como referência para mensurar as atividades físicas parece produzir prevalências de níveis insuficientes de atividade física diferentes, mas fatores associados semelhantes.<br>This study compared the prevalence rates of insufficient physical activity levels and of certain related factors determined for using physical activity measure during in the past seven days, and in a typical week. This is a cross-sectional analysis (baseline data) of a school-based randomized trial (the Saude na Boa project), including 2,096 students (15-24 years of age; 55.6% females) from 10 schools in Florianopolis and 10 schools in Recife, pair-matched by size and location. Data were collected by a previously validated questionnaire. Individuals who reported performing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activities lasting > 60 minutes, > 5 days per week were classified as "active" and the remainders of the sample were classified as "insufficiently active". This classification was performed on the basis of the activity performed during two reference periods: last seven days and typical week. The measure of the physical activities considering the period reference of last the seven days resulted in higher prevalence of insufficient levels of physical activity in comparison to the measure considering the reference of typical week (60.8% vs. 54.6%; p < 0.001). The factors associated with and insufficient level of physical activity, and the magnitudes of the measures of association were similar for two reference periods. Independent of the reference period adopted for recall the physical activities, the insufficient levels of physical activity had been identified to the same associated factors, with a little variation in the magnitude of the measures of association. To use past seven days or typical week as reference period to measure the levels of physical activity seems to generate different prevalence of insufficient levels of physical activity, but same associated factors

    Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

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    From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. © Copyright
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