Psychometric evaluation of the French version of the questionnaire attitudes towards morphine use; a cross-sectional study in Valais, Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: In Switzerland, nurses are allowed to prescribe and administer morphine in emergency situations without a doctor. Still, nurses and other health professionals are often reluctant to prescribe and administer morphine for pain management in patients. No valid French-speaking instrument is available in Switzerland to assess the attitudes of nurses and other health professionals towards the prescription and administration of morphine. In this study, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the French version of the questionnaire "Attitudes towards morphine use". METHODS: The instrument was derived from an Italian version. Forward and back translations of the questionnaire were performed. Item analysis and construct validity were assessed between April and December 2010 in a cross sectional study including five Swiss hospitals in a sample of 588 health professionals (533 nurses, mean age 38.3 ± 10.2 years). Thirty subjects participated in test-retest reliability. RESULTS: The time to complete the instrument ranged between 12 and 15 minutes and neither floor nor ceiling effect were found. The initial 24-item instrument showed an intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.64 to 0.73, P < 0.001), and a Cronbach's α of 0.700. Factor analysis led to a six-component solution explaining 52.4% of the total variance. After excluding five items, the shortened version showed an ICC of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.77, P < 0.001) and a Cronbach's α of 0.741. Factor analysis led to a five-component solution explaining 54.3% of the total variance. The five components were named "risk of addiction/dependence"; "operational reasons for not using morphine"; "risk of escalation"; "other (non-dependence) risks" and "external (non-operational) reasons". In test-retest, the shortened instrument showed an ICC of 0.797 (95% CI, 0.630 to 0.911, P < 0.001) and a Cronbach's α of 0.797. CONCLUSIONS: The 19-item shortened instrument assessing attitudes towards the prescription and administration of morphine showed adequate content and construct validity

Modulating protein aggregation in cell models using modified steroids

P rotein aggregation is a biological process in which misfolded proteins aggregate and accumulate in intra- or extracellular media. Protein aggregation is intimately linked to the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington, Parkinson’s and prion diseases) but also in cancer and cardiovascular pathologies (e.g. atherosclerosis, heart failure and ischemic heart disease).1 However, it is not fully understood how aggregates are formed and how the complex network of chaperones, the proteasome, autophagy and other regulatory factors are involved in their clearance.1 Nevertheless, it is well accepted that lowering protein aggregates back to “normal” levels in cells could be an important therapeutic strategy to control or modulate neurodegenerative diseases.2 In 2015, lanosterol was reported to reverse protein aggregation of crystallin clumps in mouse cataracts, due to its amphiphilic nature, being able to intercalate into and coat hydrophobic areas of large protein aggregates, making these water soluble again.3 Taking into consideration this discovery, we believe that other steroids, such cholesterol (with the appropriate chemical modification),4 can be good lead candidates to lower several types of protein aggregates. In this project a series of new hybrid-steroidal compounds was designed and synthesized, to address protein aggregates in different models and using techniques such as a high-throughput screening (HTS) (Figure 1). The design and synthetic strategy of the compounds, as well as the preliminary disaggregation results in different types of in vitro and ex vivo aggregation models will be discussed and rationalized in terms of structure-activity relationship, whenever possible.Thanks are due to University of Aveiro, FCT/MEC, Centro 2020 and Portugal2020, the COMPETE program, and the European Union (FEDER program) via the financial support to the QOPNA research project (FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019), to the IBiMed Research Unit (UID/BIM/04501/2013), to the Portuguese NMR Network, and to the PAGE project “Protein aggregation across the lifespan” (CENTRO-01-0145-FRDER-000003), including H. M. T. Albuquerque Post-Doctoral grant (BPD/UI98/4861/2017) and R. Nunes da Silva Post-Doctoral grant (BPD/UI98/6327/2018).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The orthogonality of the fractional circle polynomials and its application in modeling of ophthalmic surfaces

In this paper we establish some new fractional differential properties for a class of fractional circle polynomials. We apply the Zernike polynomials and a new class of fractional circle polynomials in modeling ophthalmic surfaces in visual optics and we compare the obtained results. The total RMS error is presented when addressing capability of these functions in fitting with surfaces, and it is showed that the new fractional circle polynomials can be used as an alternative to the Zernike Polynomials to represent the complete anterior corneal surface.publishe

Effect Of Freezing Methods On The Properties Of Lyophilized Porous Silk Fibroin Membranes

Silk fibroin is a fibrous protein that has been extensively studied for application in the biomedical field, and has been used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials made of proteins are prone to physical and chemical degradation during storage; lyophilization, a drying method that consists of freezing and drying steps, is known to promote minimal changes in structure and biological activity of biomaterials. This study evaluates the effect of freezing methods on the properties of lyophilized porous silk fibroin membranes. The membranes were obtained from silk fibroin solution, frozen in liquid nitrogen or ultrafreezer, lyophilized, and then characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, DSC and SEM. Although the membranes presented similar physical, chemical and microstructural characteristics, quench freezing with liquid nitrogen, followed by lyophilization, promoted collapse of the membranes, while slow cooling performed by ultrafreezer preserved membrane integrity.122233237Tamada, Y., New process to form a silk fibroin porous 3-D structure (2005) Biomacromolecules, 6 (6), pp. 3100-3106Park, K., Jung, S., Lee, S., Min, B., Park, W., Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds: Preparation and characterization of chitin/silk fibroin blend nanofibers (2006) International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 38 (3-5), pp. 165-173Sashina, E., Bochek, A., Novoselov, N., Kirichenko, D., Structure and solubility of natural silk fibroin (2006) Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 79 (6), pp. 869-876Vasconcelos, A., Freddi, G., Cavaco-Paulo, A., Biodegradable materials based on silk fibroin and keratin (2008) Biomacromolecules, 9 (4), pp. 1299-1305Roy, I., Gupta, M., Freeze-drying of proteins: Some emerging concerns (2004) Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 39 (2), pp. 165-177Tang, X., Pikal, M., Design of freeze-drying processes for pharmaceuticals: Practical advice (2004) Pharmaceutical Research, 21 (2), pp. 191-200Sablani, S., Influence of shelf temperature on pore formation in garlic during freeze-drying (2006) Journal of Food Engineering, 80 (1), pp. 68-79Luthra, S., Obert, J., Kalonia, D., Pikal, M., Impact of critical process and formulation parameters affecting in-process stability of lactate dehydrogenase during the secondary drying stage of lyophilization: A mini freeze dryer study (2007) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96 (9), pp. 2242-2250Wang, W., Lyophilization and development of solid protein pharmaceuticals (2000) International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 203 (1-2), pp. 1-60Rambhatla, S., Ramot, R., Bhugra, C., Pikal, M., Heat and mass transfer scale-up issues during freeze drying: II. control and characterization of the degree of supercooling (2004) AAPS PharmSciTech, 5 (4), pp. e58Chang, B., Kendrick, B., Carpenter, J., Surface-induced denaturation of proteins during freezing and its inhibition by surfactants (1996) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 85 (12), pp. 1325-1330Searles, J., Carpenter, J., Randolph, T., The ice nucleation temperature determines the primary drying rate of lyophilization for samples frozen on a temperature-controlled shelf (2001) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 90 (7), pp. 860-871Kim, H., Kim, U., Leisk, G., Bayan, C., Georgakoudi, I., Kaplan, D., Bone regeneration on macroporous aqueous-derived silk 3-D scaffolds (2007) Macromolecular Bioscience, 7 (5), pp. 643-655Wang, Y., Rudym, D., Walsh, A., Abrahamsen, L., Kim, H.J., Kim, H.S., In vivo degradation of three-dimensional silk fibroin scaffolds (2008) Biomaterials, 29 (24-25), pp. 3415-3428Ki, C., Park, S., Kim, H., Jung, H., Woo, K., Lee, J., Development of 3-D nanofibrous fibroin scaffold with high porosity by electrospinning: Implications for bone regeneration (2008) Biotechnology Letters, 30 (3), pp. 405-410Lv, Q., Feng, Q., Preparation of 3-D regenerated fibroin scaffolds with freeze drying method and freeze drying/foaming technique (2006) Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 17 (12), pp. 1349-1356Beppu M, Polakiewicz B, Nogueira G. PI: 0601975-72006. INPI/Brazil2006Li, M., Lu, S., Wu, Z., Tan, K., Minoura, N., Kuga, S., Structure and properties of silk fibroin-poly(vinyl alcohol) gel (2002) International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 30 (2), pp. 89-94Lin, F., Li, Y., Jin, J., Cai, Y., Wei, K., Yao, J., Deposition behavior and properties of silk fibroin scaffolds soaked in simulated body fluid (2008) Materials Chemistry and Physics, 111 (1), pp. 92-97Um, I., Kweon, H., Park, Y., Hudson, S., Structural characteristics and properties of the regenerated silk fibroin prepared from formic acid (2001) International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 29 (2), pp. 91-97Zoccola, M., Aluigi, A., Vineis, C., Tonin, C., Ferrero, F., Piacentino, M.G., Study on cast membranes and electrospun nanofibers made from keratin/fibroin blends (2008) Biomacromolecules, 9 (10), pp. 2819-2825Kim, H.J., Kim, U., Kim, H.S., Li, C., Wada, M., Leisk, G., Bone tissue engineering with premineralized silk scaffolds (2008) Bone, 42 (6), pp. 1226-1234Bhatnagar, B., Bogner, R., Pikal, M., Protein stability during freezing: Separation of stresses and mechanisms of protein stabilization (2007) Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 12 (5), pp. 505-52

Multi-objective optimization of rural water supply system

[EN] Lack of water in water supply systems forces people to take risk behaviors to health, which is very common in rural water supply systems (WSS-rural). The objective of this research was to develop and apply a multi-objective optimization model for WSS-rural in the county of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The research methodology consisted of: (1) formulation of the optimization model (OM); (2) application of OM; (3) analysis of results; and (4) computer implementation of OM. To solve the problem, it was proposed and used a load loss generator part. It was found that the problem of water shortage can be solved by small operational and structural modifications. It was developed a multi-objective OM for WSS-rural based on Multi-objective Nonlinear Integer Programming technique (MONLIP) implemented in OpenOffice.org environment. The developed OM was applied to a real case with satisfactory results.[PT] A falta de água em sistemas de abastecimento de água obriga a população a assumir comportamentos de risco à saúde, o que é muito frequente em sistemas de abastecimento de água rural (SAA-rural). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver e aplicar um modelo de otimização multiobjetivo para SAA-rural no município de Cuiabá, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A metodologia de pesquisa constou de: (1) formulação do modelo de otimização (MO); (2) aplicação do MO; (3) análise de resultados; e (4) implementação computacional do MO. Para resolução do problema, foi proposta e utilizada uma peça geradora de perda de carga. Constatou-se que o problema de falta de água pode ser resolvido por meio de pequenas modificações operacionais e estruturais. Foi desenvolvido um MO multiobjetivo para SAA-rural, baseado na técnica de Programação Não Linear Inteira Multiobjetivo (PNLIMO) implementado em ambiente OpenOffice.org. O MO foi aplicado a um caso real, apresentando resultados satisfatórios.Silva, W.; Vieira, L.; Rosa, D.; Campos, M.; Santos, A.; Souza, M. (2016). Otimização multiobjetivo de sistema de abastecimento de água rural. Ingeniería del Agua. 20(4):217-232. doi:10.4995/ia.2016.5915.SWORD217232204Azevedo, R.P. (2004). Caracterização de sistema de abastecimento de água em comunidades rurais de várzea na Amazônia. Anais do 2° Seminário Internacional de Engenharia de Saúde Pública, Dezembro 1-3, Goiânia, Brasil, 705-710.Beinat, E. (1997). Value Functions for Environmental Managment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NED. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8885-0Cuiabá. (2014). Prefeitura de Cuiabá: Bairros. Disponível em: http://www.cuiaba.mt.gov.br/imprime.php?cid=7884&sid=377. Acesso em: 05 de nov. 2014.Farmani, R., Walters, G., Savic, D. (2006). Evolutionary multi-objective optimization of the design and operation of water distribution network: total cost vs. reliability vs. water quality. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 8(3), 165-179. doi:10.2166/hydro.2006.019Ferreira, E.P., Ferreira, Y.P., Venturini, A.F., Moura, A.S., Rolim Neto, F.C. (2015). Saneamento rural - o desafio para o abastecimento de água em comunidades quilombolas no Estado de Alagoas. Anais do 28° Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Outubro 4-8, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 1-5.Francato, A.L., Barbosa, P.S.F. (2004). Soluções de compromisso na tomada de decisão sobre a operação diária de sistemas urbanos de abastecimento de água. Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos, 9(2), 39-50. doi:10.21168/rbrh.v9n2.p39-50Fu, G., Butler, D., Khu, S.T. (2008). Multiple objectives optimal control of integrated urban wastewater systems. Environmental Modelling & Software, 23(2), 225-234. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.06.003Goicoechea, A., Hansen, D.R., Duckstein, L. (1982). Multiobjective Decision Analysis with Engineering and Business Applications. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.Jowitt, P.W., Germanopoulos, G. (1992). Optimal pump scheduling in water-supply networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 118(4), 406-422. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1992)118:4(406)Larock, B.E., Jeppson, R.W., Watters, G.Z. (2000). Hydraulics of Pipeline Systems. CRC Press LLC, Washington D.C., USA.León, C., Martín, S., Elena, J.M., Luque, J. (2000). EXPLORE - Hybrid expert system for water networks management. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 126(2), 65-74. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2000)126:2(65)Mackintosh, G., Colvin, C. (2003). Failure of rural schemes in South Africa to provide potable water. Environmental Geology, 44(1), 101-105. doi:10.1007/s00254-002-0704-yMakropoulos, C.K., Natsis, K., Liu, S., Mittas, K., Butler, D. (2008). Decision support for sustainable option selection in integrated urban water management. Environmental Modelling & Software, 23(12), 1448-1460. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.04.010Muthusi, F.M., Mahamud, G., Abdalle, A., Gadain, H.M. (2007). Rural Water Supply Assessment, Technical Report No-08, FAOSWALIM, Nairobi, Kenya. Disponível em: http://sddr.faoswalim.org/Documents_Repository/water_reports/W-08%20Rural%20Water%20Supply%20Assessment.pdf. Acesso em: 12 de mai. 2016.Nicochelli, L.M., Siqueira, A.J.B., Migliorini, R.B., Albrecht, K.J., Delguingaro, A.R. (2009). Análise de vulnerabilidade à contaminação de aqüífero no Distrito Industrial de Cuiabá - MT, através do método GOD. Anais do 14° Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Abril 25-30, São José dos Campos, Brasil, 4109-4116.PMSS. (2008). Municipalização dos Serviços de Abastecimento de Água e de Esgotamento Sanitário no Estado de Mato Grosso. Brasília. Disponível em: http://www.pmss.gov.br/. Acesso em: 29 de abr. 2011.Porto, A.L.L., Lanna, A.E.L., Braga Jr., B.P.F., Cirilo, J.A., Jahed Filho, K., Gobetti, L., Azevedo, L.G.T., Barros, M.T.L., Barbosa, P.S.F. (2002). Técnicas quantitativas para o gerenciamento de recursos hídricos. UFRGS/ABRH, Porto Alegre, BRA.Porto, R.M. (2001). Sistemas hidráulicos de tubulações. Em: Hidráulica Básica (R.M. Porto, ed.). EESC-USP, São Paulo, BRA, 93-117.Reis, M.G.C. (2004). Estabelecendo parcerias - ampliação da rede de abastecimento de água e implantação de sistema de esgotamento sanitário por meio de mutirão - a experiência do serviço autônomo de água e esgoto de Alagoinhas-BA. Anais do 2° Seminário Internacional de Engenharia de Saúde Pública, Dezembro 1-3, Goiânia, Brasil, 929-935.RWSN. (2010). Myths of the Rural Water Supply Sector. St.Gallen. Disponível em: http://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/RWSN-2010-Myths.pdf. Acesso em: 14 de mai. 2016.Sadeghi, G.H., Mohammadian, M., Nouran, M., Peyda, M., Eslami, A. (2007). Microbiological Quality Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Supplies in Iran. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences, 3(1), 31-33.Souza, K.S., Dutra, L.K.A., Rêgo, N.F.L., Silva, J.F. (2015). Levantamento das condições de saneamento na comunidade km 32, zona rural de Barreiras-BA. Anais do 21° Simpósio Brasileiro de Recursos Hídricos, Novembro 22-27, Brasília. Brasil, 1-8.Tsutiya, M.T. (2006). Redes de distribuição de água. Em: Abastecimento de água (M.T. Tsutiya, ed.). PHA-EPUSP, São Paulo, São Paulo, BRA, 389-455.Xie, X.F., Zhang, W.J., Yang, Z.L., (2002). Social cognitive optimization for nonlinear programming problems. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, November 4-5, Beijing, CHN, 779-783.Zyl, J.E., Savic, D.A., Walters, G.A. (2004). Operational optimization of water distribution systems using a hybrid genetic algorithm. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 130(2), 160-170. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2004)130:2(160

Beneficial effects of the activation of the Angiotensin-(1-7) MAS receptor in a murine model of adriamycin-induced nephropathy

Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is a biologically active heptapeptide that may counterbalance the physiological actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) within the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Here, we evaluated whether activation of the Mas receptor with the oral agonist, AVE 0991, would have renoprotective effects in a model of adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy. We also evaluated whether the Mas receptor contributed for the protective effects of treatment with AT1 receptor blockers. ADR (10 mg/kg) induced significant renal injury and dysfunction that was maximal at day 14 after injection. Treatment with the Mas receptor agonist AVE 0991 improved renal function parameters, reduced urinary protein loss and attenuated histological changes. Renoprotection was associated with reduction in urinary levels of TGF-{beta}. Similar renoprotection was observed after treatment with the AT1 receptor antagonist, Losartan. AT1 and Mas receptor mRNA levels dropped after ADR administration and treatment with losartan reestablished the expression of Mas receptor and increased the expression of ACE2. ADR-induced nephropathy was similar in wild type (Mas(+/+)) and Mas knockout (Mas (-/-)) mice, suggesting there was no endogenous role for Mas receptor activation. However, treatment with Losartan was able to reduce renal injury only in Mas(+/+) , but not in Mas (-/-) mice. Therefore, these findings suggest that exogenous activation of the Mas receptor protects from ADR-induced nephropathy and contributes to the beneficial effects of AT1 receptor blockade. Medications which target specifically the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis may offer new therapeutic opportunities to treat human nephropathies

Steroid–quinoline hybrids for disruption and reversion of protein aggregation processes

Reversing protein aggregation within cells may be an important tool to fight protein-misfolding disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cardiovascular diseases. Here we report the design and synthesis of a family of steroid−quinoline hybrid compounds based on the framework combination approach. This set of hybrid compounds effectively inhibited Aβ1−42 self-aggregation in vitro by delaying the exponential growth phase and/or reducing the quantity of fibrils in the steady state. Their disaggregation efficacy was further demonstrated against preaggregated Aβ1−42 peptides in cellular assays upon their endocytosis by neuroblastoma cells, as they reverted both the number and the average area of fibrils back to basal levels. The antiaggregation effect of these hybrids was further tested and demonstrated in a cellular model of general protein aggregation expressing a protein aggregation fluorescent sensor. Together, our results show that the new cholesterol−quinoline hybrids possess wide and marked disaggregation capacities and are therefore promising templates for the development of new drugs to deal with conformational disorders.Thanks are due to the University of Aveiro, FCT/MEC, Centro 2020 and Portugal2020, the COMPETE Program, and the European Union (FEDER Program) via the financial support to the research units LAQV-REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020), IBiMED (UID/BIM/04501/2019) and CICECO- Aveiro Institute of Materials (UID/CTM/50011/2019), financed by national funds through the FCT/MCTES, to the Portuguese NMR Network, to the ThiMES Project (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-016630), and to the PAGE Project “Protein Aggregation Across the Lifespan” (CENTRO-01-0145- FEDER-000003), including postdoctoral grants to H.M.T.A. (BPD/UI98/4861/2017) and R.N.d.S. (BPD/UI98/6327/2018). M.P. was supported by Ph.D. Grant SFRH/BD/135655/2018. A.R.S. and S.G. were supported by national funds (OE) through FCT, I.P., in the scope of the framework contract foreseen in numbers 4, 5, and 6 of Article 23 of the Decree-Law 57/2016 of August 29, changed by Law 57/2017 of July 19. Microphotographs were acquired in the LiM facility of iBiMED/UA, a member of the Portuguese Platform of BioImaging (PPBI) (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Caractérisation phénotypique et génétique du riz africain (Oryza glaberrima Steud) phenotypic and genetic characterization of african rice (oryza glaberrima steud)

The agronomic interest of African rice and the morphological similarities with other species, arouse the necessity to characterize African rice for recovery and conservation. The present study aims primarily to characterize phenotypically and genetically African rice for better exploitation in aid of rice producers and consumers. Indeed, the phenotypic characteristics of the rice accessions examined have been determined in two agronomics systems (upland and irrigated) carried out about 235 accessions of African rice; and afterwards, genetic characterization using a specific marker has been carried. At the end of the analyzes, with regard to the phenotypic characters, 22 O.sativa or interspecific accessions differing morphologically on several descriptors were identified. Genetically, out of 19 profiles revealed on a 935-bp band, 14 confirmed the phenotypic results. This study shows that 221 out of 235 accessions are O. glaberrima rice. These results show that the accessions of different species analyzed were confused during the collection. They also seems to validate the possibility of hybridization between the two rice species in peasant environment. The accessions characterized strengthen the conservation effort of African rice. This collection can be used for future studies, particularly with perspective to selection and running African rice with the possibility to establish a genetic model to facilitate the transfer of useful genes from O.glaberrima to O.sativa, while controlling the reproductive barrier. Thus, it will be easy to better exploit the genetic diversity of the African species of cultivated rice

Reproduction of the blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, in western Portugal: microscopic gonad analysis reveals indeterminate fecundity and skipped spawning patterns

Blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, is the fifth most landed fish species in mainland Portugal, but information on its reproductive biology is scarce. From September 2018 to August 2019, 626 specimens were collected from commercial vessels to clarify the reproductive strategy of the T. picturatus population off the west coast of Portugal. The proportion and length range of males and females were similar. Only three of the specimens collected were categorized as immature, indicating that the fish caught in the fishery are primarily mature. The spawning season lasted from late January until the end of March, with gonadosomatic indices being similar for males and females. Fecundity was indeterminate, and estimated batch fecundity ranged between 6,798 (at 25.4 cm TL) and 302,358 oocytes (at 33.8 cm TL). The low number of females showing direct evidence of imminent or recent spawning suggests a low number of spawning events. In addition, 12.7% of females were considered non-reproductive due to ovary abnormalities including parasitic infection by Kudoa species, atretic structures and skipped spawning events. This study highlights the importance of accounting for skipped spawning events and ovary abnormalities in the management of species fisheries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio