17 research outputs found
Aerosol characteristics in north-east India using ARFINET spectral optical depth measurements
Four years (2010â2014) of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from 4 Indian Space Research Organisation's ARFINET (Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India) stations (Shillong, Agartala, Imphal and Dibrugarh) in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India (lying between 22â30°N and 89â98°E) are synthesized to evolve a regional aerosol representation, for the first time. Results show that the columnar AOD (an indicator of the column abundance of aerosols) is highest at Agartala (0.80 ± 0.24) in the west and lowest at Imphal (0.59±0.23) in the east in the pre-monsoon season due to intense anthropogenic bio-mass burning in this region aided by long-range transport from the high aerosol laden regions of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), polluted Bangladesh and Bay of Bengal. In addition to local biogenic aerosols and pollutants emitted from brick kilns, oil/gas fields, household bio-fuel/fossil-fuel, vehicles, industries. Aerosol distribution and climatic impacts show a west to east gradient within the NER. For example, the climatological mean AODs are 0.67±0.26, 0.52±0.14, 0.40±0.17 and 0.41±0.23 respectively in Agartala, Shillong, Imphal and Dibrugarh which are geographically located from west to east within the NER. The average aerosol burden in NER ranks second highest with climatological mean AOD 0.49±0.2 next to the Indo-Gangetic Plains where the climatological mean AOD is 0.64±0.2 followed by the South and South-East Asia region. Elevated aerosol layers are observed over the eastern most stations Dibrugarh and Imphal, while at the western stations the concentrations are high near the surface. The climate implications of aerosols are evaluated in terms of aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and consequent heating of the atmosphere in the region which follows AOD and exhibit high values in pre-monsoon season at all the locations except in Agartala. The highest ARF in the atmosphere occurs in the pre-monsoon season ranging from 48.6 Wmâ2 in Agartala to 25.1 Wmâ2 in Imphal. Winter radiative forcing follows that in pre-monsoon season at these locations. The heating rate is high at 1.2 K dayâ1 and 1.0 K dayâ1 over Shillong and Dibrugarh respectively in this season. However, Agartala experiences higher surface forcing (â56.5 Wmâ2) and consequent larger heating of the atmosphere of 1.6 K dayâ1 in winter
The Effects of Industrial Environment on Colour Fastness to Light of Mordanted Wool Yarns Dyed with Natural Dyes
Production and Characterization of a Crude Thermostable Invertase from Cryptococcus laurentii
Reverse Screw Element(s) and Feed Composition Effects during Twin-Screw Extrusion of Rice Flour and Fish Muscle Blends
Assessment of 1D and 3D model simulated radiation flux based on surface measurements and estimation of aerosol forcing and their climatological aspects
TWIN SCREW EXTRUSION OF PINK SALMON MUSCLE: EFFECT OF MIXING ELEMENTS AND FEED COMPOSITION
Quality attributes and rheological properties of novel high milk proteinâbased extrudates made by supercritical fluid extrusion
Microbe-aliphatic hydrocarbon interactions in soil: implications for biodegradation and bioremediation.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons make up a substantial portion of organic contamination in the terrestrial environment. However, most studies have focussed on the fate and behaviour of aromatic contaminants in soil. Despite structural differences between aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, both classes of contaminants are subject to physicochemical processes, which can affect the degree of loss, sequestration and interaction with soil microflora. Given the nature of hydrocarbon contamination of soils and the importance of bioremediation strategies, understanding the fate and behaviour of aliphatic hydrocarbons is imperative, particularly microbe-contaminant interactions. Biodegradation by microbes is the key removal process of hydrocarbons in soils, which is controlled by hydrocarbon physicochemistry, environmental conditions, bioavailability and the presence of catabolically active microbes. Therefore, the aims of this review are (i) to consider the physicochemical properties of aliphatic hydrocarbons and highlight mechanisms controlling their fate and behaviour in soil; (ii) to discuss the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil, with particular attention being paid to biodegradation, and (iii) to briefly consider bioremediation techniques that may be applied to remove aliphatic hydrocarbons from soil