Efecto del destete sobre el perfil de ácidos grasos de corderos de raza merina

Con la finalidad de estudiar el efecto de la prolongación del aporte de leche materna a los corderos de la raza Merina Española sobre las características de la grasa intramuscular y subcutánea, se han empleado 16 corderos machos de raza Merina Española distribuidos en dos lotes: corderos no destetados y que han permanecido con la madre hasta el día de su sacrificio y corderos destetados con 12 kg de peso vivo y que desde ese momento han ingerido únicamente alimento concentrado. El perfil lipídico de la grasa intramuscular y subcutánea se determinó por cromatografía gaseosa. Los corderos que fueron destetados con 12 kg de peso vivo y que fueron alimentados con alimento concentrado hasta el día de su sacrificio presentaron mejor conformación que los corderos que fueron alimentados con leche materna y alimento concentrado hasta el día de su sacrificio. Los corderos que recibieron leche materna hasta el día de su sacrificio presentaron mayor contenido de ácidos grasos deseables para la salud humana (9cis-11trans CLA y serie n-3)

Direct identification of clinical pathogens from liquid culture media by MALDI-TOF MS analysis

Objectives: We propose using MALDI-TOF MS as a tool for identifying microorganisms directly from liquid cultures after enrichment of the clinical sample in the media, to obtain a rapid microbiological diagnosis and an adequate administration of the antibiotic therapy in a clinical setting. Methods: To evaluate this approach, a series of quality control isolates were grown in thioglycollate (TG) broth and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and extracted under four different protocols before finally being identified by MALDI-TOF MS. After establishing the best extraction protocol, we validated the method in a total of 300 liquid cultures (150 in TG broth and 150 in BHI broth) of different types of clinical samples obtained from two tertiary Spanish hospitals. Results: The initial evaluation showed that the extraction protocol including a 5 minute sonication step yielded 100% valid identifications, with an average score value of 2.305. In the clinical validation of the procedure, 98% of the microorganisms identified from the TG broth were correctly identified relative to 97% of those identified from the BHI broth. In 24% of the samples analysed, growth by direct sowing was only successful in the liquid medium, and no growth was observed in the direct solid agar cultures. Conclusions: Use of MALDI-TOF MS plus the sonication-based extraction method enabled direct and accurate identification of microorganisms in liquid culture media in 15 minutes, in contrast to the 24 hours of subculture required for conventional identification, allowing the administration of a targeted antimicrobial therapy

Idoneidad del uso del MALDI-TOF MS para la identificación de Staphylococcus aureus y miembros del grupo de Staphylococcus intermedius (S.I.G.)

A pesar de que el género Staphylococcus es comúnmente aislado en humanos y animales, su identificación sigue siendo problemática. Este estudio evalúa la idoneidad del MALDI-TOF MS (Biotyper 3) para su identificación, comparando los resultados obtenidos mediante diferentes métodos: fenotípicos, MALDITOF MS (añadiendo o no ácido fórmico) y moleculares. Una colección de 37 cepas fue identificada por técnicas convencionales como S. aureus (n= 7), S. intermedius (n=1) y S. pseudintermedius (n=29). Los aislamientos provenían de perros, tanto sanos como enfermos (n=27), y humanos (n=10), a partir de diferentes muestras biológicas. Todas ellas fueron también identificadas por biología molecular y los cultivos puros fueron procesados en el MALDI-TOF MS. La información fue analizada con DAG_Stat. La sensibilidad, especificidad, eficiencia y el índice kappa se estimaron para cada especie bacteriana con un nivel de confianza del 95%, tomando la biología molecular como gold standard. Se detectaron Estafilococos de 27 perros y de sus dueños. Solamente una cepa de S. intermedius fue aislada, así que los parámetros relacionados con ella tienen que ser considerados con cautela. Todos los S. aureus fueron identificados correctamente. Usando MALDI-TOF MS con ácido fórmico, hubo una concordancia casi perfecta entre pruebas en la identificación de S. aureus y S. pseudintermedius. Cuando no se añadía ácido fórmico, la concordancia fue perfecta para S. aureus, mientras que para S. pseudintermedius fue buena. Este trabajo demuestra la validez, la utilidad y la fiabilidad del MALDI-TOF MS para la identificación de aislamientos bacterianos pertenecientes a Staphylococcus spp

Oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation in European countries : statutory background, practice, storage and use

STUDY QUESTION: What is known in Europe about the practice of oocyte cryopreservation (OoC), in terms of current statutory background, funding conditions, indications (medical and ‘non-medical’) and specific number of cycles? SUMMARY ANSWER: Laws and conditions for OoC vary in Europe, with just over half the responding countries providing this for medical reasons with state funding, and none providing funding for ‘non-medical’ OoC. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN: The practice of OoC is a well-established and increasing practice in some European countries, but data gathering on storage is not homogeneous, and still sparse for use. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OtC) is only practiced and registered in a few countries. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, AND DURATION: A transversal collaborative survey on OoC and OtC, was designed, based on a country questionnaire containing information on statutory or professional background and practice, as well as available data on ovarian cell and tissue collection, storage and use. It was performed between January and September 2015. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING AND METHODS: All ESHRE European IVF Monitoring (EIM) consortium national coordinators were contacted, as well as members of the ESHRE committee of national representatives, and sent a questionnaire. The form included national policy and practice details, whether through current existing law or code of practice, criteria for freezing (age, health status), availability of funding and the presence of a specific register. The questionnaire also included data on both the number of OoC cycles and cryopreserved oocytes per year between 2010 and 2014, specifically for egg donation, fertility preservation for medical disease, ‘other medical’ reasons as part of an ART cycle, as well as for ‘non-medical reasons’ or age-related fertility decline. Another question concerning data on freezing and use of ovarian tissue over 5 years was added and sent after receiving the initial questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Out of 34 EIM members, we received answers regarding OoC regulations and funding conditions from 27, whilst 17 countries had recorded data for OoC, and 12 for OtC. The specific statutory framework for OoC and OtC varies from absent to a strict frame. A total of 34 705 OoC cycles were reported during the 5-year-period, with a continuous increase. However, the accurate description of numbers was concentrated on the year 2013 because it was the most complete. In 2013, a total of 9126 aspirations involving OoC were reported from 16 countries. Among the 8885 oocyte aspirations with fully available data, the majority or 5323 cycles (59.9%) was performed for egg donation, resulting in the highest yield per cycle, with an average of 10.4 oocytes frozen per cycle. OoC indication was ‘serious disease’ such as cancer in 10.9% of cycles, other medical indications as ‘part of an ART cycle’ in 16.1%, and a non-medical reason in 13.1%. With regard to the use of OoC, the number of specifically recorded frozen oocyte replacement (FOR) cycles performed in 2013 for all medical reasons was 14 times higher than the FOR for non-medical reasons, using, respectively, 8.0 and 8.4 oocytes per cycle. Finally, 12 countries recorded storage following OtC and only 7 recorded the number of grafted frozen/thawed tissues. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Not all countries have data regarding OoC collection, and some data came from voluntary collaborating centres, rather than a national authority or register. Furthermore, the data related to use of OoC were not included for two major players in the field, Italy and Spain, where numbers were conflated for medical and non-medical reasons. Finally, the number of cycles started with no retrieval is not available. Data are even sparser for OtC. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: There is a need for ART authorities and professional bodies to record precise data for practice and use of OoC (and OtC), according to indications and usage, in order to reliably inform all stakeholders including women about the efficiency of both methods. Furthermore, professional societies should establish professional standards for access to and use of OoC and OtC, and give appropriate guidance to all involved. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): The study was supported by ESHRE. There are no conflicts of interest.peer-reviewe

Virtualización del Título Propio en Olivicultura y Elaiotecnia. Elaboración de Materiales

Es conocido que España es primer país productor de aceite de oliva del mundo, con un 40 % de la producción mundial y el 50 % de la producción de la Unión Europea, siendo la provincia de Jaén, con el 38,4 % de la producción española, la mayor zona productora del mundo en aceite de oliva. Sin embargo, se trata de un sector en el que la escasa profesionalización es, tal vez, su mayor debilidad.La Universidad de Jaén, consciente del importante papel que ha de jugar como Institución dinamizadora del desarrollo de su entorno, en el que el sector del olivar y del aceite de oliva tiene una enorme importancia, considera que es urgente formar titulados universitarios de grado superior que posean conocimientos integrales y solventes en olivicultura y elaiotecnia de modo que incorporados a las empresas del sector del olivar y el aceite de oliva o creando las suyas propias, lo modernicen y desarrollen, contribuyendo a dotarlo de cultura empresarial y al desarrollo socioeconómico y, por ende, al bienestar de los ciudadanos de la provincia