Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: mapping the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and the distant universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Niveles de estrés en pacientes mexicanas embarazadas seropositivas al VIH

Resumen: Introducción: Una proporción considerable de mujeres infectadas por VIH en edad reproductiva desean ser madres, aun cuando conocen el riesgo que esto representa para su salud, la del futuro hijo y la probabilidad de transmisión vertical de la infección. Durante este proceso el estrés condiciona eventos neonatales adversos y afecta la relación madre-hijo, por ello, es importante caracterizar los niveles de estrés de estas pacientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar los niveles de estrés en pacientes mexicanas embarazadas, VIH positivas del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo en 73 embarazadas seropositivas al VIH; el nivel de estrés se evaluó mediante la prueba de Nowack. Resultados: Las áreas que conforman el perfil de estrés de Nowack se encontraron dentro del promedio de la población sana, con excepción de las conductas de tipo «A» (ira internalizada, ira expresada, premura de tiempo, rapidez laboral, impaciencia, búsqueda de mejoría, conducción ruda de vehículos, desconfianza, enojo, hostilidad) y los reactivos ARC (abuso de sustancias, alcohol y consumo de tabaco), cuyas puntuaciones fueron menores al promedio y que actúan como recursos protectores para que este tipo de conductas no se presenten. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de las pacientes embarazadas positivas al VIH presentó un nivel de estrés dentro del promedio de la población sana, lo que probablemente se asocia a la sensación de control que representa el hecho de encontrarse adheridas a una institución de primer nivel con atención integral. Abstract: Introduction: A significant proportion of HIV-infected women of reproductive age wish to become pregnant, even when they know the risk for their health and for their children, as well as the probability of vertical transmission of the infection. During this process, stress produces adverse neonatal events, affecting mother-child relationship. Therefore, it is important to determine the stress level of these patients. Objective: To determine the stress levels in HIV positive pregnant patients of the National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico. Material and method: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out on 73 HIV-positive pregnant patients, and the stress level was evaluated using the Nowack test. Results: The areas comprising the Nowack stress profile were within the limits of a healthy population, with the exception of type «A» behaviours (internalized anger, expressed anger, time haste, work speed, impatience, search for improvement, bad driving of vehicles, distrust, anger, hostility), and ARC reagents (substance abuse, alcohol and tobacco use), whose scores were lower than the average, acting as protective resources against this type of behaviour. Conclusions: The majority of HIV-positive pregnant patients presented a level of stress within the average of the healthy population. This is probably associated with the feeling of control that represents the fact of being attached to a first-level institution receiving integrated care. Palabras clave: Estrés, Embarazo, Transmisión vertical, Soporte institucional, VIH, Keywords: Stress, Pregnancy, Vertical transmission, Institutional support, HI

Fitness Cost Implications of PhiC31-Mediated Site-Specific Integrations in Target-Site Strains of the Mexican Fruit Fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Site-specific recombination technologies are powerful new tools for the manipulation of genomic DNA in insects that can improve transgenesis strategies such as targeting transgene insertions, allowing transgene cassette exchange and DNA mobilization for transgene stabilization. However, understanding the fitness cost implications of these manipulations for transgenic strain applications is critical. In this study independent piggyBac-mediated attP target-sites marked with DsRed were created in several genomic positions in the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens. Two of these strains, one having an autosomal (attP F7) and the other a Y-linked (attP 2-M6y) integration, exhibited fitness parameters (dynamic demography and sexual competitiveness) similar to wild type flies. These strains were thus selected for targeted insertion using, for the first time in mexfly, the phiC31-integrase recombination system to insert an additional EGFP-marked transgene to determine its effect on host strain fitness. Fitness tests showed that the integration event in the int 2-M6y recombinant strain had no significant effect, while the int F7 recombinant strain exhibited significantly lower fitness relative to the original attP F7 target-site host strain. These results indicate that while targeted transgene integrations can be achieved without an additional fitness cost, at some genomic positions insertion of additional DNA into a previously integrated transgene can have a significant negative effect. Thus, for targeted transgene insertions fitness costs must be evaluated both previous to and subsequent to new site-specific insertions in the target-site strain

Dengue

Lecture 49 ISBN e-book : 9781615045754International audienc

30-day morbidity and mortality of sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and one anastomosis gastric bypass: a propensity score-matched analysis of the GENEVA data

Background: There is a paucity of data comparing 30-day morbidity and mortality of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). This study aimed to compare the 30-day safety of SG, RYGB, and OAGB in propensity score-matched cohorts. Materials and methods: This analysis utilised data collected from the GENEVA study which was a multicentre observational cohort study of bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) in 185 centres across 42 countries between 01/05/2022 and 31/10/2020 during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. 30-day complications were categorised according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Patients receiving SG, RYGB, or OAGB were propensity-matched according to baseline characteristics and 30-day complications were compared between groups. Results: In total, 6770 patients (SG 3983; OAGB 702; RYGB 2085) were included in this analysis. Prior to matching, RYGB was associated with highest 30-day complication rate (SG 5.8%; OAGB 7.5%; RYGB 8.0% (p = 0.006)). On multivariate regression modelling, Insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia were associated with increased 30-day complications. Being a non-smoker was associated with reduced complication rates. When compared to SG as a reference category, RYGB, but not OAGB, was associated with an increased rate of 30-day complications. A total of 702 pairs of SG and OAGB were propensity score-matched. The complication rate in the SG group was 7.3% (n = 51) as compared to 7.5% (n = 53) in the OAGB group (p = 0.68). Similarly, 2085 pairs of SG and RYGB were propensity score-matched. The complication rate in the SG group was 6.1% (n = 127) as compared to 7.9% (n = 166) in the RYGB group (p = 0.09). And, 702 pairs of OAGB and RYGB were matched. The complication rate in both groups was the same at 7.5 % (n = 53; p = 0.07). Conclusions: This global study found no significant difference in the 30-day morbidity and mortality of SG, RYGB, and OAGB in propensity score-matched cohorts. © 2021, The Author(s)