Investigation of new layout design concepts of an array-on-device WaveSub device

Wave Energy Converters (WECs) have not yet proven their competitiveness in the mainstream energy market. Research and development of this technology are necessary to find optimal solutions in terms both of energy produced and reduced cost. A WEC farm is expected to have reduced Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) compared to individual devices due to shared installation and grid connection costs. Studies show that energy yield of a WEC array is highly dependent on spacing and layout of the WECs. A method for selecting an optimal array layout is desirable.Here we show a comparison between 4 different design layouts of a WaveSub device with six floats. A six float configuration has been chosen because the LCoE reduces with increasing floats per device as shown in previous research. An optimal configuration in terms of LCoE and rated power is found for linear, rectangle, triangle and circular multi-float configurations. Parameters optimised are float spacing and Power Take Off (PTO) stiffness, damping and rated power. The optimisation algorithm uses a genetic algorithm combined with a Kriging surrogate model. Numerical simulations are solved in the time-domain in WEC-Sim while the hydrodynamic coefficients are calculated in Nemoh using a linear potential flow theory.For all geometric configurations, the smallest float spacing was the most promising because of the lower cost of the structure. In fact, the influence of the float spacing on the power produced by the device is shown to be less significant than the influence of float spacing on the capital cost. Overall, the circular configuration outperformed the other configurations. This study shows that layout configurations can be investigated with optimisation and this could be applied to other configurations and other WEC concepts in future

Optimal strategies of deployment of far offshore co-located wind-wave energy farms

[EN] The most profitable offshore energy resources are usually found away from the coast. Nevertheless, the accessibility and grid integration in those areas are more complicated. To avoid this problematic, large scale hydrogen production is being promoted for far offshore applications. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the ability of wave energy converters to maximize hydrogen production in hybrid wind and wave far offshore farms. To that end, wind and wave resource data are obtained from ERA5 for different locations in the Atlantic ocean and a Maximum Covariance Analysis is proposed for the selection of the most representative locations. Furthermore, the suitability of different sized wave energy converters for auxiliary hydrogen production in the far offshore wind farms is also analysed. On that account, the hydrodynamic parameters of the oscillating bodies are obtained via simulations with a Boundary Element Method based code and their operation is modelled using the software tool Matlab. The combination of both methodologies enables to perform a realistic assessment of the contribution of the wave energy converters to the hydrogen generation of an hybrid energy farm, especially during those periods when the wind turbines would be stopped due to the variability of the wind. The obtained results show a considerable hydrogen generation capacity of the wave energy converters, up to 6.28% of the wind based generation, which could remarkably improve the efficiency of the far offshore farm and bring important economical profit. Wave energy converters are observed to be most profitable in those farms with low covariance between wind and waves, where the disconnection times of the wind turbines are prone to be more prolonged but the wave energy is still usable. In such cases, a maximum of 101.12 h of equivalent rated production of the wind turbine has been calculated to be recovered by the wave energy converters.This paper is part of project PID2020-116153RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033. Authors also acknowledge financial support by the University of the Basque Country under the contract (UPV/EHU, GIU20/008)

Srsf1 and Elavl1 act antagonistically on neuronal fate choice in the developing neocortex by controlling TrkC receptor isoform expression

The seat of higher-order cognitive abilities in mammals, the neocortex, is a complex structure, organized in several layers. The different subtypes of principal neurons are distributed in precise ratios and at specific positions in these layers and are generated by the same neural progenitor cells (NPCs), steered by a spatially and temporally specified combination of molecular cues that are incompletely understood. Recently, we discovered that an alternatively spliced isoform of the TrkC receptor lacking the kinase domain, TrkC-T1, is a determinant of the corticofugal projection neuron (CFuPN) fate. Here, we show that the finely tuned balance between TrkC-T1 and the better known, kinase domain-containing isoform, TrkC-TK+, is cell type-specific in the developing cortex and established through the antagonistic actions of two RNA-binding proteins, Srsf1 and Elavl1. Moreover, our data show that Srsf1 promotes the CFuPN fate and Elavl1 promotes the callosal projection neuron (CPN) fate in vivo via regulating the distinct ratios of TrkC-T1 to TrkC-TK+. Taken together, we connect spatio-temporal expression of Srsf1 and Elavl1 in the developing neocortex with the regulation of TrkC alternative splicing and transcript stability and neuronal fate choice, thus adding to the mechanistic and functional understanding of alternative splicing in vivo

Жировая инфильтрация поджелудочной железы

Fatty pancreas disease or pancreatic steatosis is less studied disease in contrast to fatty liver disease. Currently there is no uniform terminology, as well as doesn’t exist clear criteria for its diagnosis. The article provides a detailed literature review, reflects methods of examination, as well as possible mechanisms of pathogenesis and clinical significance of pancreatic steatosis with a submitted hypothesis of a possible relationship between hepatic steatosis and fatty pancreas.В отличие от стеатоза печени, жировая инфильтрация поджелудочной железы или стеатоз поджелудочной железы является менее изученным заболеванием. В настоящее время отсутствует единая терминология, также нет четких критериев постановки диагноза. В статье представлен детальный обзор литературы, приведены методы исследования, затронут патогенез и клиническое значение стеатоза поджелудочной железы, представлена гипотеза о возможной взаимосвязи между стеатозом печени и стеатозом поджелудочной железы

EFECTO DEL PROCESO DE DESHIDRATACION EN EL COLOR Y COMPUESTOS BIOACTIVOS DE JITOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) intake in the daily diet is closely associated to the reduction of risk of chronic diseases, so it is currently important because of its biological value and antioxidant activity. The preservation and potentiation of these compounds allow developing different ways of conservation, such as dehydration, taking into account the need to maintain the physical-chemical attributes of the fruit. The effect of three dehydration processes (solar, freeze drying, and controlled instantaneous decompression, CID) on color and bioactive compounds (vitamin C, lycopene, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity) of dehydrated tomato fruits were analyzed. The results showed that solar dehydration retain a better color, lycopene and vitamin C; the CID process had a a good preservation phenolic compounds and antioxidant (CI50) capacity; while freeze drying did not show an advantage in conserving the color and bioactive components, compared to solar dehydration and the CID process.La ingesta del jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en la dieta diaria se asocia estrechamente con la reducción del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas, por lo que actualmente tiene importancia por su valor biológico y actividad antioxidante. La preservación y potenciación de estos compuestos permiten desarrollar diferentes formas de conservación tales como, la deshidratación, teniendo en cuenta mantener los atributos físico-químicos del fruto. Se analizó el efecto de tres procesos de deshidratación (solar, liofilización y descomprensión instantánea controlada, DIC) en el color y compuestos bioactivos (vitamina C, licopeno, compuestos fenólicos totales y actividad antioxidante) de los frutos de jitomate deshidratados. Los resultados mostraron que la deshidratación solar conservo mejor el color, licopeno y vitamina C; el procesamiento por DIC preservo mejor los compuestos fenólicos y la capacidad antioxidante (CI50); mientras que la liofilización no mostró ventaja en conservar el color y los componentes bioactivos, respecto a la deshidratación solar y proceso DIC

The Ocean as a Solution to Climate Change: Five Opportunities for Action

The ocean is a dominant feature of our planet, covering 70 percent of its surface and driving its climate and biosphere. The ocean sustains life on earth and yet is in peril from climate change. However, while much of recent attention is focused on the problems that the ocean faces, the ocean is also a source of potential solutions and innovation. This report explores how the ocean, its coastal regions and economic activities can provide opportunities in the fight against climate change

Mid-Late Pleistocene glacial dynamics in the Valira valleys (Principality of Andorra). Asymmetries within the Pyrenees and correlation across the westernmost European mountain ranges

[eng] Many sediment-covered mountain areas affected by the growth of Pleistocene glaciers are over-consolidated. Palaeoglacial conditions are deduced from glacial consolidation and site investigations. Geomorphological evidence on the glacial extent and history is in this Thesis used as a framework for hydro-mechanical flow simulations in the valley glacier of Andorra and the lower Isère glaciated valley. From the effects observed within the fossil record of ancient glaciated valleys, a reliable reconstruction of palaeo-glacier’s thickness is possible when former ice-tonges overlayed porous aquifers, because subglacial erosion was mitigated by the subglacial water pressure limiting subglacial till formation. Records of minimum preconsolidation values indicate a buoyant surging glacier. For palaeoglacier reconstruction, the glacial valley geomorphology is clue providing the palaeogeographical calibration for further hydrogeomechanical calculations, especially at successive glacial stages during the deglaciation. A modern analogue, the Hansbreen sub-polar glacier, helps to set up a conceptual model allowing a better understanding of the glaciology of the two studied former valley glaciers, comparable to a polythermal glacier type. Tills and glaciolacustrine deposits from Andorra’s main valley and its principal tributary of La Massana allow for reliable local deglaciation patterns between GS-9 (40 ka b2k) and the Holocene Optimum (9.3–5.5 b2k). However, from the palaeoenvironmental data of the Pyrenees, deglaciation started sooner, and aridity affected the size of the glaciers from GS-10, resetting the valley glacier conditions ahead of GI-7. This affected the mainly prominent glacier-ice transfluence pass in the Pyrenees and the extension of the ice tongues on both sides of the mountain belt between GI-9 and GI-7, also during GS-5.2 and GI-5.1. During and posteriorly Heinrich event H4, aridity did not favour the development of valley glaciers in Andorra until stadial GS-7; however, glaciers in the Pyrenees progressed during the following Heinrich event (H3). Using geochemical data (Al, Ti, Ca, K, P), a basic limnological study permits a palaeoenvironmental interpretation in Andorra by adding data from stable carbon isotope (δ13C) from bulk carbon samples and AMS dates. Results show four unreported inland δ13C cycles linked to low water levels in the ice-dammed lake of Andorra (La Massana palaeolake). At the beginning of each cycle, enhanced δ13C bulk carbon values are found (> -23‰), a proxy of abrupt shifting from Type-C3 to Type-C4 vegetation. The beginning of the LGM and Heinrich events H3 and H2 were marked by enhanced δ13C values interpreted as a product of strong climate change that boosted aridity. The retrieval period towards δ13C depleted values (< -23‰) spans 4,500±500 years. In Andorra, the beginnings of H3 and H2 events were relatively dry, and the second half of the climate was moist. The first evidence of sediments coming from the motion of a temperate-base glacier in the Pyrenees was from stadial GI-3. Moist conditions suddenly stopped at the beginning of Heinrich event 2 and returned at the end of H2. This moisture behaviour during H2 on the southern slopes of the Pyrenees is the opposite of the wet-to-dry conditions described in NW Iberia. Conversely, the H1 event had a wet-to-dry structure coast to coast of Iberia, including in the SE Pyrenees (Andorra). A transition from single-phase-like glacier advances (NW Iberia) to multiphase glacier advances (SE Pyrenees) was due to a change from coldbased glaciers to temperate-based glaciers. However, glacier sensibility to global changes increases through time toward NW Iberia. The Last Maximum Ice Extent and the Global LGM did not concur in places experiencing multiphase glacier advances. Indeed both extreme behaviours do not correspond to the same type of glaciers. Polar-type glaciers in NW Iberia are in this Thesis invoked, while tempered or polythermal were frequent in NE Iberia. Abrupt glacier advances and quick glacier recession in Andorra are interpreted as surges from a mass-imbalanced glacier. Two kinds of surge events are distinguished from available data in the Pyrenees, those surges produced by overfed ice tongues fed by short-lived cold spells (in GS-2b and H1) and those surges produced by buoyant melting ice tongues within the glaciated valley (between stadials GS-5/GI-4, stadials GI-3/GS-3 and stadials GS-2.1b/GS-2.1a) by a warm moist climate. The winter solar rate increase (GI-3 and GS-5.1) and the evidence of polythermal-type glaciers matched. Conversely, summer insolation increases and wet-ice type oversaturated glaciers and surges at GS-2a concurred. In Andorra the snow-overfed glacier surges correlate with the decreasing winter insolation during GS-2b. In Iberia, the LGM would be placed between 23-17.5 ka and glaciers spread, linked to both wet westerlies from the North Atlantic and moisture supply of Mediterranean influence, reaching almost the eastern side of the Central Pyrenees, leading us to suppose an NW-NE seesaw climatic relationship across Iberia almost since GS-5.1. The oscillations of the oceanic thermal front promoted wet/dry westerly winds crossing over the Pyrenees, pushing back the Mediterranean influence towards the East. By classifying glacial phases of the northern Iberian Peninsula fringe, four common glacial phases arise for the last glacial cycle: A An early LGC starting at MIS 5d having a recessional period during MIS 5c. Cold-type glaciers are expected to have existed in some of the extreme NW of the Iberian mountains until Termination 1. B The Last Maximum Ice Extent occurred mainly during MIS 5a – MIS 4. An asymmetrical glacier recession during MIS 3 was related to an increase in eastward aridity. C Significant glacier fluctuations during the MIS 3 – MIS 2 hinge, the appraisal of temperated-polythermal type of glaciers accompanied by a generalised moisture increase entailing valley glaciers to surge. D Side-to-side mountain range-scale deglaciation dissymmetry in MIS 2. The widespread expansion of tempered-polythermal type glaciers during the LGM period and Termination 1 had a proportional expansion to the available moisture. The final deglaciation is characterised by relictual cirque glaciers disappearing during GS-1. In Andorra, a general rise in local river base levels occurred until the Holocene Optimum. Unravelling the afore-cited glacial phases and unexpected research allows for a tesselated mapping of the SW continental Europe concerning part, or all of the LGC glacial phases outlined above: 1 – Areas where glaciers were prevalent during MIS 2, like the Iberian Central System, the NW and S French Massif Central, the NW Jura and the maritime Alps. 2 – Areas having a far-flung end moraine produced in a previous glacial phase (MIS 6 or posterior) showing stability until the MIS 2, as for ice caps/fields from the southern half of the Galicia mountains. 3 – Areas of pseudo-pleniglacial or apparent-pleniglacial condition, despite previous glacier recessions phases (albeit challenging to identify), as in most of the northern slope of the Pyrenees. 4 – Areas of multiphase glacier advances, like most of the southern slope of the Pyrenees, most of the Cantabrian Mountains, the half north of the Galicia mountains, the High Atlas, Sierra Nevada and the SW French Massif Central, the western Alps and the Vosges. 5 – Areas where glaciers were present from the LGM until Termination-I, like the northern Iberian range and Sanabria in Iberia. Nevertheless, other mountain ranges have a Type 5 glaciation’s scenario, like the southern Black Forest in Germany

E-creators: the use of free software for creating educational videogames by the Spanish teachers

Traballo Fin de Grao en Pedagoxía. Curso 2014-2015[GAO] Neste Traballo Fin de Grao, preséntase unha análise do estado da cuestión da creación de videoxogos educativos por parte do profesorado español, e as posibilidades e limitacións que presenta dita actividade no contexto educativo. Recóllense ademais algunhas das experiencias máis significativas realizadas en España, xunto co software libre de creación de videoxogos máis empregado polo profesorado. Para levar a cabo este estudio, realizouse unha procura documental nas principais bases de datos educativas. Os resultados permitiron o coñecemento do estado da situación da temática, ademais dun imprescindible achegamento teórico sobre a creación de software educativo polo docentes. Os resultados obtidos proxectan un campo pouco desenvolvido. A faceta de creación de recursos en xeral, e de videoxogos educativos en particular, está escasamente desenvolvida polos docentes. Existen algunhas experiencias documentadas deste ámbito en España, aínda que o número das mesmas é limitado.[ES]En este Trabajo Fin de Grado, se presenta un análisis del estado de la cuestión de la creación de videojuegos educativos por parte del profesorado español, y las posibilidades y limitaciones que presenta dicha actividad en el contexto educativo. Además se recogen algunas de las experiencias más significativas realizadas en España, junto con el software libre de creación de videojuegos más empleado por el profesorado. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se realizó una búsqueda documental en las principales bases de datos educativas. Los resultados permitieron el conocimiento del estado de la situación de la temática, además de un imprescindible acercamiento teórico sobre la creación de software educativo por los docentes. Los resultados obtenidos proyectan un campo poco desarrollado. La faceta de creación de recursos en general, y de videojuegos educativos en particular, está escasamente desarrollada por los docentes. Existen algunas experiencias documentadas de este ámbito en España, aunque el número de las mismas es limitado.[EN] An analysis of the state of creating educational videogames by the Spanish teachers is presented, and the possibilities and limitations of such activity in the educational context. In addition, this document contains some of the most significant experiences in Spain and the free software of creation of videogames more employed by teachers. To be able to do this study, documentary research was made in the main educational data. The results allowed the knowledge of the state of the location of the theme, as well as an essential theoretical approach on the creation of educational software by teachers. The results show us that there is a little developed field. The facet of creation of resources in general, and of educational videogames especially, is scantily developed by the teachers. There are some documented experiences of this area in Spain, although the number of them is restricted

Srsf1 and Elavl1 act antagonistically on neuronal fate choice in the developing neocortex by controlling TrkC receptor isoform expression.

peer reviewedThe seat of higher-order cognitive abilities in mammals, the neocortex, is a complex structure, organized in several layers. The different subtypes of principal neurons are distributed in precise ratios and at specific positions in these layers and are generated by the same neural progenitor cells (NPCs), steered by a spatially and temporally specified combination of molecular cues that are incompletely understood. Recently, we discovered that an alternatively spliced isoform of the TrkC receptor lacking the kinase domain, TrkC-T1, is a determinant of the corticofugal projection neuron (CFuPN) fate. Here, we show that the finely tuned balance between TrkC-T1 and the better known, kinase domain-containing isoform, TrkC-TK+, is cell type-specific in the developing cortex and established through the antagonistic actions of two RNA-binding proteins, Srsf1 and Elavl1. Moreover, our data show that Srsf1 promotes the CFuPN fate and Elavl1 promotes the callosal projection neuron (CPN) fate in vivo via regulating the distinct ratios of TrkC-T1 to TrkC-TK+. Taken together, we connect spatio-temporal expression of Srsf1 and Elavl1 in the developing neocortex with the regulation of TrkC alternative splicing and transcript stability and neuronal fate choice, thus adding to the mechanistic and functional understanding of alternative splicing in vivo