Échanges en surface dans le modèle de chimie transport multi-échelles MOCAGE

Les échanges en surface dans le Modèle de Chimie Transport (MCT) multi-échelles MOCAGE de Météo-France comprennent à la fois les flux d'émissions et de dépôt sec d'espèces gazeuses. Une interface 2D a été développée entre MOCAGE et le modèle de prévisions météorologiques opérationnel français ARPEGE dans le but de calculer des flux à la surface réalistesPour les émissions, un inventaire global est employé pour le moment; cet inventaire a été construit essentiellement à partir des inventaires des programmes IGAC/GEIA (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry / Global Emission Inventory Activity) et EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research qui ont des résolutions temporelles annuelles, sai-sonnières ou mensuelles et une résolution spatiale de un degré.Le dépôt sec d'espèces gazeuses, y compris l'ozone, le dioxyde de soufre, les composés azotés, les composés organiques à longue et à courte durée de vie, a été paramétrisé selon [Wesely, 1989]. Le modèle calcule la vitesse de dépôt à partir de valeurs de trois résistances en série, les résistances aérodynamique, laminaire et de la surface. Ces résistances sont calculées en utilisant les champs de surface d'ARPEGE. Les champs liés à la végétation, tels l'indice foliaire, sont prescrits avec une résolution de un degré sur le globe et de cinq minutes sur l'Europe. Un certain nombre de modifications a été apporté à la paramétrisation de [Wesely, 1989], par exemple pour la formulation de la résistance stomatale et celle de la résistance de surface sur les surfaces mouillées. Les valeurs calculées de vitesse de dépôt ont été comparées à des observations et leurs distributions spatiales et temporelles ont été analysées sur deux saisons opposées (hiver et été, sur les différents domaines de MOCAGE, de résolution allant de 2 degrés pour le globe à 0.25 degrés pour la France.Surface exchanges considered in the MOCAGE multiscale Chemistry and Transport Model (CTM) of Météo-France include both emissions and dry deposition of gaseous species. To compute realistic time-dependent fluxes at the surface, a 2D interface between MOCAGE and ARPEGE, the French operational numerical weather prediction model, was developed.With regard to emissions, a default global inventory is presently employed. Built mainly from the IGAC/GEIA (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry / Global Emission Inventory Activity) and the EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research programs, this inventory has an annual, seasonal or monthly temporal resolution, and a degree-by-degree spatial resolution.Dry deposition of gaseous species, including ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen-containing com-pounds, long-lived and short-lived intermediates organic compounds, were parameterised ac-cording to [Wesely, 1989]. The model calculates dry deposition velocities from three resistances in series: aerodynamic, laminar, and surface. These resistances are computed using the surface fields obtained from the analyses or forecasts of ARPEGE. Vegetation fields such as the Leaf Area Index are prescribed with a one-degree spatial resolution at the global scale, and a five-minute resolution over Europe. A number of modifications was incorporated into the original surface resistance scheme (e.g., the formulation of stomatal resistance and surface resistance over wet surfaces. Calculated dry deposition velocities were compared to observations, and the spatial and temporal distributions were analysed for two different seasons (summer and winter) using the varions MOCAGE domains of varying resolutions (from 2 degrees over the globe to 0.25 degrees over France)

Molecular effect of an OPTN common variant associated to Paget's disease of bone

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic bone disorder and although genetic factors appear to play an important role in its pathogenesis, to date PDB causing mutations were identified only in the Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) gene at the PDB3 locus. PDB6 locus, also previously linked to PDB, contains several candidate genes for metabolic bone diseases. We focused our analysis in the most significantly associated variant with PDB, within the Optineurin (OPTN) gene, i.e. the common variant rs1561570. Although it was previously shown to be strongly associated with PDB in several populations, its contribution to PDB pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study we have shown that rs1561570 may contribute to PDB since its Tallele results in the loss of a methylation site in patients' DNA, leading to higher levels of OPTN gene expression and a corresponding increase in protein levels in patients' osteoclasts. This increase in OPTN expression leads to higher levels of NF-KB translocation into the nucleus and increasing expression of its target genes, which may contribute to the overactivity of osteoclasts observed in PDB. We also reported a tendency for a more severe clinical phenotype in the presence of a haplotype containing the rs1561570 T allele, which appear to be re-enforced with the presence of the SQSTM1/P392L mutation. In conclusion, our work provides novel insight towards understanding the functional effects of this variant, located in OPTN intron 7, and its implication in the contribution to PDB pathogenesis.national funds from Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UID/Multi/04326/2013]; Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Canada [MOP130457]; CHU de Quebec Foundation; Canadian Foundation for Innovation; Fonds de recherche du Quebec-sante; Laval University; CHU de Quebec-Universite Laval Research Centre; FCT [SFRH/BD/77227/2011, SFRH/BPD/111898/2015]; Fonds de recherche Quebec-Sante (FRQ-S), Quebec, Canad

Perceived structure and achievement goals as predictors of student' self-regulated learning and affect and the mediating role of competence need satisfaction

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We investigated the extent to which perceived structure and personal achievement goals could explain students' effective learning strategies and affect-related experiences in a sample of Greek adolescent students (N=606; 45.4% males; mean age: M=15.05, SD=1.43). Having controlled for students' social desirability responses, we used multilevel analyses, and found that between-student (i.e., within class) differences in perceived structure related positively to learning strategies and positive affect and negatively to negative affect, with the relations being partially mediated by competence need satisfaction. In addition, we found between-student differences in the relations of mastery-approach, performance-approach, and performanceavoidance goals to the learning-strategy and affect outcomes. Moreover, at the between-class level, perceived structure related positively to learning strategies and positive affect, and negatively to depressive feelings. Finally, an interesting cross-level interaction between perceived structure and performance-avoidance goals for negative affect revealed that well-structured classrooms attenuated the positive, harmful relation between performance-avoidance goals and negative affect. These findings indicate the key role of structure and the endorsement of mastery-approach goals in the classroom

Personal and contextual antecedents of achievement goals: Their direct and indirect relations to students' learning strategies

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this correlational research, we investigated to what extent achievement goals, in conjunction with need for achievement and fear of failure as well as perceived classroom goal structures, are related to learning strategies among upper elementary school students. After taking into account students' tendency to respond in a socially desirable way, we found, through path analysis, that mastery-approach goals partially mediated the relation of need for achievement and perceived mastery goal structures to learning strategies. These findings are discussed within the hierarchical model framework proposed by Elliot (1999). They suggest that the simultaneous examination of personal and contextual antecedents of achievement goals can enhance our understanding of the processes underlying achievement motivation and its outcomes

Optimization of Recombinant Membrane Protein Production in the Engineered Escherichia coli Strains SuptoxD and SuptoxR.

Membrane proteins (MPs) execute a wide variety of critical biological functions in all living organisms and constitute approximately half of current targets for drug discovery. As in the case of soluble proteins, the bacterium Escherichia coli has served as a very popular overexpression host for biochemical/structural studies of membrane proteins as well. Bacterial recombinant membrane protein production, however, is typically hampered by poor cellular accumulation and severe toxicity for the host, which leads to low levels of final biomass and minute volumetric yields. In previous work, we generated the engineered E. coli strains SuptoxD and SuptoxR, which upon coexpression of the effector genes djlA or rraA, respectively, can suppress the cytotoxicity caused by MP overexpression and produce enhanced MP yields. Here, we systematically looked for gene overexpression and culturing conditions that maximize the accumulation of membrane-integrated and well-folded recombinant MPs in these strains. We have found that, under optimal conditions, SuptoxD and SuptoxR achieve greatly enhanced recombinant production for a variety of MP, irrespective of their archaeal, eubacterial, or eukaryotic origin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the use of these engineered strains enables the production of well-folded recombinant MPs of high quality and at high yields, which are suitable for functional and structural studies. We anticipate that SuptoxD and SuptoxR will become broadly utilized expression hosts for recombinant MP production in bacteria

Within-person configurations and temporal relations of personal and perceived parent-promoted life goals to school correlates among adolescents

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Grounded in self-determination theory, this longitudinal study examined the academic correlates of middle and high school students' (N = 923; 33.4% male) intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations (i.e., life goals) and the type of aspirations that they perceive their parents to promote to them. Person-centered analysis revealed 3 meaningful groups: a relatively high intrinsic aspiration group, a relatively moderate intrinsic aspiration group, and a relatively high-intrinsic and high-extrinsic aspiration group. Tukey post hoc comparisons indicated that students in the high intrinsic aspiration group scored higher on mastery-approach goals, effort regulation, and grades than students in the other 2 groups and lower on performance-approach goals and test anxiety than students in the high-high aspiration group. A match between learners' own aspiration profile and the perceived parent-promoted aspiration profile did not alter these between-group differences. Further, intrapersonal fluctuations of intrinsic aspirations covaried with mastery-approach goals over a 1-year time interval, while extrinsic aspirations covaried with performance-approach goals and test anxiety in the same period; none of these within-person associations were consistently moderated by between-student differences in perceived parental aspiration promotion. Instead, perceived parent-promoted intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations were, respectively, positive and negative predictors of between-student differences in positive school functioning. The present results highlight the importance of endorsing and promoting intrinsic aspirations for school adjustment. © 2013 American Psychological Association

The pattern of penetration and aspiration in acute stroke survivors

Background and Aims: Aspiration is common in acute stroke survivors with dysphagia, is associated with increased pneumonia rates, and is an independent predictor of mortality. However, studies evaluating the nature and pattern of penetration and aspiration post-stroke are lacking. Method: The Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to rate baseline videofluoroscopic swallowing studies of 17 dysphagic stroke survivors from the STEPS trial of pharyngeal electrical stimulation (onset <14 days, mean 74 years). Analysis was performed on 6 x 5ml boli and 1 x 50ml bolus (thin fluids with contrast agent at 40% wt/vol), recorded at 25 f/s. Every swallow to clear each 5ml or 50ml bolus was counted, given a PAS score and labelled a primary or secondary (clearing) swallow. Results: In total, 285 swallows were viewed. Due to poor image quality, 7% of swallows were excluded. At a bolus level, for 5ml/50ml swallows, results showed 68%/42% normal swallows, 14%/27% penetration and 18%/31% aspiration respectively. At a subject level, 5ml: only 3 patients scored within normal limits for all boli; 50ml: no subject swallowed without showing penetration or aspiration at some point. Higher penetration and aspiration scores occurred on 50ml. Aspirated material was rarely fully cleared, even in those subjects who demonstrated a cough response (5ml: 2%, 50 ml: 0%). Conclusion: Aspiration in post-stroke dysphagia appears to fluctuate in presentation within and between boli. Bedside assessments should take into account variability and sample enough swallows. In addition, clinicians should not assume coughing clears aspirated material. Quality of image capture must be optimised for future studies

Genetic association study of UCMA/GRP and OPTN genes (PDB6 locus) with Paget's disease of bone

We performed a genetic association study of rare variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UCMA/GRP and OPTN genes, in French-Canadian patients with Paget's disease of bone (PDB) and in healthy controls from the same population. We reproduced the variant found in the UCMA/GRP basal promoter and tested its functionality using in vitro transient transfection assays. Interestingly, this SNP rs17152980 appears to affect the transcription level of UCMA/GRP. In addition, we have identified five rare genetic variants in UCMA/GRP gene, four of them being population-specific, although none were found to be associated with PDB. Six Tag SNPs of UCMA/GRP gene were associated with PDB, particularly the SNP rs17152980 (uncorrected P = 3.8 x 10(-3)), although not significant after Bonferroni's correction. More importantly, we replicated the strong and statistically significant genetic association of two SNPs of the OPTN gene, the rs1561570 (uncorrected P = 5.7 x 10(-7)) and the rs2095388 (uncorrected P = 4.9 x 10(-3)), With PDB. In addition, we identified a very rare variant found to be located close to the basal promoter of the OPTN gene, at -232 bp from its distal transcription start site. Furthermore, depending on the type of allele present (G or A), the binding of several important nuclear factors such as the vitamin D or the retinoic acid receptors is predicted to be altered at this position, suggesting a significant effect in the regulation of transcription of the OPTN gene. In conclusion, we identified a functional SNP located in the basal promoter of the UCMA/GRP gene which provided a weak genetic association with PDB. In addition, we replicated the strong genetic association of two already known SNPs of the OPTN gene, with PDB in a founder effect population. We also identified a very rare variant in the promoter of OPTN, and through bioinformatic analysis, identified putative transcription factor binding sites likely to affect OPTN gene transcription. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fonds de la Recherche du Quebec - Sante (FRQS), Canada; Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Portugal [SFRH/BPD/48206/2008]; Catalyst Grant (Bone Health) from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Canada); CHUQ Foundation (Canada); Groupe de Recherche en Maladies Osseuses (Canada); Canadian Foundation for Innovation (Canada); FRSQ (Canada); Laval University (Canada); CHUQ (CHUL) Research Centre (Canada); Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) (Portugal)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Equilibrium of sinks and sources of sulphate over Europe: comparison between a six-year simulation and EMEP observations

Sulphate distributions were simulated with a global chemistry transport model. A chemical scheme describing the sulphur cycle and the parameterisations of the main sinks for sulphate aerosols were included in the model. A six-year simulation was conducted from the years 2000 to 2005, driven by the ECMWF operational analyses. Emissions come from an inventory representative of the year 2000. This paper focuses on the analysis of the sulphate sinks and sources over Europe for the entire period of simulation. The Sulphate burden shows a marked annual cycle, which is the result of the annual variations of the aqueous and gaseous chemistry. Regionally, the monthly mean aerosol burden can vary by a factor of 2 from one year to another, because of different weather conditions, driving chemistry, transport and wet deposition of sulphate aerosols. Sulphate ground concentrations, scavenging fluxes and precipitation modelled were compared with observations. The model represents quite well sulphate fields over Europe, but has a general tendency to overestimate sulphate ground concentrations, in particular over Northern Europe. We assume that it is linked to the representation of the scavenging fluxes, which are underestimated. We suggest that uncertainties in modelled precipitation explain only partially the underestimation of the scavenging fluxes in the model