Molecular containers: Design approaches and applications

The design and synthesis of molecular containers is playing an increasing role in the selective removal and detection of species within solution. The cavities offered by such species provide the possibility of three-dimensional molecular recognition and therefore highly selective host species. Many varied approaches towards the design of container compounds have been adopted, ranging from rigid, covalently formed carcerands to self-assembling dimers and oligomers. This chapter explores the wide range of approaches possible; covalently formed containers, cages assembled around metal centres and those which self-assemble via non-covalent interactions. The main uses of such systems, for stabilising reactive species and promoting reactions within the protective environment of cavities, are also highlighted

Molecular containers: Design approaches and applications

The design and synthesis of molecular containers is playing an increasing role in the selective removal and detection of species within solution. The cavities offered by such species provide the possibility of three-dimensional molecular recognition and therefore highly selective host species. Many varied approaches towards the design of container compounds have been adopted, ranging from rigid, covalently formed carcerands to self-assembling dimers and oligomers. This chapter explores the wide range of approaches possible; covalently formed containers, cages assembled around metal centres and those which self-assemble via non-covalent interactions. The main uses of such systems, for stabilising reactive species and promoting reactions within the protective environment of cavities, are also highlighted

Domino Reactions - One-pot Preparation of Fluoreno[2,3,4-ij]isoquinoline Derivatives From Conjugated Ketene Imines

Iminophosphoranes 4, derived from ethyl alpha-azido-2-(allyloxy)-3-methoxycinnamates, react with ketenes to give the corresponding ketene imines, which by thermal treatment at 150-160-degrees-C undergo a consecutive electrocyclic ring closure/Claisen rearrangement/second ring closure/double aromatization process to give isoquinoline derivatives 7 and/or the previously unknown fluoreno[2,3,4-ij]isoquinolines 9 in moderate yields. Similarly, iminophosphoranes 14 derived from ethyl alpha-azido-2,3-disubstituted-4-(allyloxy)cinnamates reacted with diphenyl ketene to give the intermediate ketene imines, which at 150-160-degrees-C undergo a cascade of pericyclic reactions to give the isoquinolines 15 and the pentacyclic compounds 16 in moderate yields

Redox divergent conversion of a [2]rotaxane into two distinct degenerate partners with different shuttling dynamics

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