The Transformation of Written Congratulations Etiquette in Early XXIst-century Russia

The article explores the transformation of written congratulations etiquette happening in early XXst-century Russian culture. We are using an example of the etiquette of written greetings to highlight the changing aspects of this etiquette situation (spatial and temporal characteristics; actors and their status roles; communication media; communication objectives; etiquette attributes). We argue that etiquette as a normative system is developed cumulatively, while undergoing a number of communicative transformations regarding the concrete elements of written congratulation situation: a rising importance of communication channels, a transformation of communication objectives, an increased attention to a formal side of etiquette attributes, etc. At the same time, the greeting card is transformed both in its content (which today includes many new festive events and dates) and in its form, which becomes much more diverse in structure, color palette, etc.     Keywords: etiquette, postcard, greetings card, etiquette situation, cultural norm

Gastronomic Culture as an Object of Cultural Heritage: Problems of Expert Assessment

Статья поступила в редакцию 20.01.2023 г.В статье с опорой на методологию социального конструктивизма анализируется специфика пищи как объекта нематериального культурного наследия. Обобщая исследования европейских историков, автор дает характеристику основным факторам причисления тех или иных артефактов гастрономической культуры к объектам нематериального культурного наследия, уделяя особое внимание факторам терруара, традиции и сохранения идентичности. С точки зрения практики экспертизы, патримонизация артефактов выстраивается на пересечении эмпирических исторических данных и актуального идеологического запроса. Выявленные закономерности и проблемы уточняются на примере российской гастрономической культуры. Автор приходит к выводу, что одной из существенных проблем экспертной оценки гастрономической культуры в России оказывается отсутствие гастрономической рефлексии, т. е. устойчивой традиции ресторанной критики и авторитетных кулинарных книг. Также препятствием на пути развития экспертизы культурного наследия является сосуществование нескольких противоречивых образов прошлого в современной российской культуре.Based on the methodology of social constructivism, the paper analyzes the specifics of food as an object of intangible cultural heritage. Summarizing the studies of European historians, the author characterizes the main factors in classifying artifacts of gastronomic culture as objects of intangible cultural heritage, paying particular attention to the factors of terroir, tradition, and identity preservation. From the point of view of the practice of expertise, the patrimonization of artifacts is built on the intersection of empirical historical data and the current ideological demand. The revealed regularities and problems are specified on the case of the Russian gastronomic culture. The author concludes that one of the essential problems of expert evaluation of gastronomic culture in Russia is the lack of gastronomic reflection, that is, a stable tradition of restaurant criticism and authoritative cookbooks. Another obstacle to the development of cultural heritage expertise is the coexistence of several conflicting images of the past in contemporary Russian culture

Soviet Person: A Look from the Outside and the Inside

Поступила в редакцию: 26.09.2021. Принята к печати: 25.01.2022.Submitted: 26.09.2021. Accepted: 25.01.2022.Рецензия на книгу: Человек советский: за и против / В. М. Амиров, А. В. Антошин, В. И. Бортников [и др.] ; под общ. ред. Ю. В. Матвеевой, Ю. А. Русиной. — Екатеринбург : Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2021. — 412 с. Статья представляет собой рецензию на монографию, выпущенную в 2021 г. издательством Уральского университета. Коллективный труд ученых из разных стран (России, Венгрии, Чехии, Польши) посвящен исследованию феномена советского человека в различных контекстах и измерениях. Монография вносит вклад как в теоретическое осмысление феномена советского человека, так и в анализ его проявлений в социальной, культурной и художественной жизни. Соположение различных исследовательских позиций и стратегий позволяет создать многомерный и неоднозначный образ homo soveticus, увиденного носителями советской культуры и внешними наблюдателями. В рецензии предложен анализ основных разделов монографии, выявлены наиболее перспективные проблемы дальнейшего изучения данной темы, дана оценка оригинальности работы, определены спорные моменты, порождающие научные дискуссии и обсуждения.Review of: Amirov, V. M., Antoshin, A. V., & Bortnikov, V. I., et al. (2021). Homo soveticus: pro et contra. Ekaterinburg: Ural University Press. 412 p. This review considers a monograph published in 2021 by Ural Federal University. The research of scholars from different countries (Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Poland) is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the Soviet person in various contexts and dimensions. The monograph contributes both to the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of the Soviet person and to the analysis of its manifestations in social, cultural, and artistic life. The combination of various research positions and strategies makes it possible to create a multidimensional and ambiguous image of homo soveticus seen by bearers of Soviet culture and outside observers. The review provides an analysis of the main sections of the monograph, identifies the most promising problems for further study of this topic, evaluates the originality of the work, and identifies controversial issues that stimulate discussions.Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Правительства Свердловской области в рамках научного проекта № 20-411-660005 «Специфика конструирования гражданственности в 1920–2010-х гг. на материале публичных парковых пространств г. Свердловска/Екатеринбурга».The article is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of project 20-411-660005 “Peculiarities of Construction of Civic Engagement in the 1920s–2010s with Reference to Public Park Spaces in Sverdlovsk/Ekaterinburg”

Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes with patients at low risk of PPCs. DESIGN This was a prospective international 1-week observational study using the ‘Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia risk score’ (ARISCAT score) for PPC for risk stratification. PATIENTS AND SETTING Adult patients requiring intraoperative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the incidence of patients at increased risk of PPCs based on the ARISCAT score. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative ventilatory management and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9864 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of patients at increased risk was 28.4%. The most frequently chosen tidal volume (VT) size was 500 ml, or 7 to 9 ml kg1 predicted body weight, slightly lower in patients at increased risk of PPCs. Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were slightly higher in patients at increased risk of PPCs, with 14.3% receiving more than 5 cmH2O PEEP compared with 7.6% in patients at low risk of PPCs (P < 0.001). Patients with a predicted preoperative increased risk of PPCs developed PPCs more frequently: 19 versus 7%, relative risk (RR) 3.16 (95% confidence interval 2.76 to 3.61), P < 0.001) and had longer hospital stays. The only ventilatory factor associated with the occurrence of PPCs was the peak pressure. CONCLUSION The incidence of patients with a predicted increased risk of PPCs is high. A large proportion of patients receive high VT and low PEEP levels. PPCs occur frequently in patients at increased risk, with worse clinical outcome

Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications: LAS VEGAS - An observational study in 29 countries

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes with patients at low risk of PPCs. DESIGN This was a prospective international 1-week observational study using the ‘Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia risk score’ (ARISCAT score) for PPC for risk stratification. PATIENTS AND SETTING Adult patients requiring intraoperative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals across 29 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the incidence of patients at increased risk of PPCs based on the ARISCAT score. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative ventilatory management and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9864 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of patients at increased risk was 28.4%. The most frequently chosen tidal volume (V T) size was 500 ml, or 7 to 9 ml kg−1 predicted body weight, slightly lower in patients at increased risk of PPCs. Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were slightly higher in patients at increased risk of PPCs, with 14.3% receiving more than 5 cmH2O PEEP compared with 7.6% in patients at low risk of PPCs (P ˂ 0.001). Patients with a predicted preoperative increased risk of PPCs developed PPCs more frequently: 19 versus 7%, relative risk (RR) 3.16 (95% confidence interval 2.76 to 3.61), P ˂ 0.001) and had longer hospital stays. The only ventilatory factor associated with the occurrence of PPCs was the peak pressure. CONCLUSION The incidence of patients with a predicted increased risk of PPCs is high. A large proportion of patients receive high V T and low PEEP levels. PPCs occur frequently in patients at increased risk, with worse clinical outcome.</p

Modern Russian Cuisine as a Representation of National Culture

The author analyzes the modern image of national culture. With reference to the theory of social constructivism, the article examines the everyday level of national culture functioning and the mechanism of how the idea of it is reflected in national cuisine. The analysis of cookbooks and the data of the empirical survey allows to conclude about the domination, in mass consciousness, of the image of national culture as a dynamic reality, which renews itself in every historic period and is lived by everyone as part of individual history.Анализируется современный образ национальной культуры. С опорой на теорию социального конструктивизма рассматривается повседневный уровень бытования национальной культуры и механизм трансляции представлений о ней через национальную кухню. Анализ поваренных книг и данных проведенного эмпирического исследования позволяет сделать вывод о доминировании в массовом сознании образа национальной культуры как динамичной реальности, обновляющейся на каждом новом историческом этапе и переживаемой каждым как часть индивидуальной истории.Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке молодых ученых Уральского федерального университета в рамках реализации Программы развития УрФУ

Russian Cookery Books: Peculiarities of Gastronomic Culture Norms Representation

Выявляется роль поваренной книги в системе гастрономической культуры. На материале российских поваренных книг анализируется специфика репрезентации норм гастрономической культуры.The article reveals the role of cookery books in the gastronomic culture system analyzing the peculiarities of gastronomic culture representation norms with reference to Russian cookery books

Italian Renaissance in art and culinary

Рецензия на книгу: Varriano J. Tastes and temptations : Food and art in Renaissance Italy. - Berkeley ; Los Angeles; London : University of California Press, 2009. -280 p. - (California Studies in Food and Culture ; [vol.] 27).The review of the book: Varriano J. Tastes and temptations : Food and art in Renaissance Italy. Berkeley ; Los Angeles; London : University of California Press, 2009. 280 p. (California Studies in Food and Culture; [vol.] 27)

Festive Demonstrations in the Soviet Culture: on the Problem of the Typology of Technologies, Methods, and Instruments of Civic Engagement Formation

Статья поступила в редакцию 27.09.2021 г.Статья посвящена анализу праздничных демонстраций в советской культуре как эффективной технологии конструирования гражданственности советских людей. Гражданственность рассматривается как системная характеристика личности, обозначающая степень гармоничности сочетания личных и общественных интересов в сознании, морально-политических качествах и поведении. На основе разработанной авторами типологии технологий, методов и инструментов формирования гражданственности анализируются праздничные демонстрации. Авторы прослеживают, как происходило взаимодействие технологий, методов и инструментов конструирования гражданственности во время демонстраций, сопровождавших советские государственные праздники.The paper analyses festive demonstrations in the Soviet culture as an effective technology for civic engagement construction of Soviet people. Civic engagement is considered a systemic characteristic of a person indicating the degree of harmony in the combination of personal and public interests in consciousness, moral and political qualities, and behaviour. Soviet festive demonstrations are analysed on the basis of the typology of technologies, methods, and instruments for civic engagement formation developed by the authors. The authors trace the interaction of the technologies, methods, and instruments for civic engagement formation during the demonstrations accompanying the Soviet public holidays.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Правительства Свердловской области в рамках научного проекта № 20-411-660005 «Специфика конструирования гражданственности в 1920–2010-х гг. на материале публичных парковых пространств г. Свердловска/Екатеринбурга»

Gastronomic Culture: Concept, Functions, and Factors of Formation

Дается теоретическое осмысление гастрономической культуры как комплексного феномена, рассматриваются родовые функции гастрономической культуры, факторы ее формирования и особенности проявления в различные историко-культурные эпохи