MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM TEACHING PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis pelaksanaan model pembelajaraan Quantum Teaching untuk meningkatkan minat belajar. Latar belakang masalah penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran yang masih berorientasi pada guru, sedangkan siswa hanya sebagai objek ajar, hal ini dikarenakan guru dalam proses pembelajaran guru lebih banyak menggunakan metode ceramah. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran berlangsung monoton membuat siswa bosan dan kurang bersemangat. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kepustakaan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mempelajari sumber utama dari buku-buku yang membahas tentang metode pendidikan islam seperti buku yang berjudul Pendidikan Agama Islam, minat belajar, dan Quantum Teaching. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Penerapan model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching dapat meningkatkan minat belajar PAI.Model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching merupakan suatu model pembelajaran yang sangat membantu guru untuk meningkatkan minat belajar peserta didik dalam pengajarannya. Model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching juga memiliki kerangka rancangan yaitu dengan istilah dengan singkatan TANDUR (Tumbuhkan, Alami, Namai, Demonstrasikan, Ulangi, Rayakan). Dengan diterapkannya model pembelajaran Quantum Teaching ini akan mudah untuk meningkatkan minat belajar peserta didik dalam mata pelajaran PAI

Keeping time in the lamina terminalis: Novel oscillator properties of forebrain sensory circumventricular organs

Drinking behavior and osmotic regulatory mechanisms exhibit clear daily variation which is necessary for achieving the homeostatic osmolality. In mammals, the master clock in the brain's suprachiasmatic nuclei has long been held as the main driver of circadian (24 h) rhythms in physiology and behavior. However, rhythmic clock gene expression in other brain sites raises the possibility of local circadian control of neural activity and function. The subfornical organ (SFO) and the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) are two sensory circumventricular organs (sCVOs) that play key roles in the central control of thirst and water homeostasis, but the extent to which they are subject to intrinsic circadian control remains undefined. Using a combination of ex vivo bioluminescence and in vivo gene expression, we report for the first time that the SFO contains an unexpectedly robust autonomous clock with unusual spatiotemporal characteristics in core and noncore clock gene expression. Furthermore, putative single‐cell oscillators in the SFO and OVLT are strongly rhythmic and require action potential‐dependent communication to maintain synchrony. Our results reveal that these thirst‐controlling sCVOs possess intrinsic circadian timekeeping properties and raise the possibility that these contribute to daily regulation of drinking behavior

Spontaneous bilateral distal ulna fracture: an unusual complication in a rheumatoid patient

Bilateral ulna stress fractures are extremely rare. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have osteopenic bone secondary to a variety of causes. We report a case of bilateral stress fractures of the ulna in an elderly patient with rheumatoid arthritis, and literature on this condition is reviewed. Prompt recognition and activity modification are essential to treat this rare injury. Recovery can take up to 12 weeks

Non-Canonicaly Recruited TCRαβCD8αα IELs Recognize Microbial Antigens

In the gut, various subsets of intraepithelial T cells (IELs) respond to self or non-self-antigens derived from the body, diet, commensal and pathogenic microbiota. Dominant subset of IELs in the small intestine are TCRαβCD8αα+ cells, which are derived from immature thymocytes that express self-reactive TCRs. Although most of TCRαβCD8αα+ IELs are thymus-derived, their repertoire adapts to microbial flora. Here, using high throughput TCR sequencing we examined how clonal diversity of TCRαβCD8αα+ IELs changes upon exposure to commensal-derived antigens. We found that fraction of CD8αα+ IELs and CD4+ T cells express identical αβTCRs and this overlap raised parallel to a surge in the diversity of microbial flora. We also found that an opportunistic pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from mouse small intestine specifically activated CD8αα+ IELs and CD4+ derived T cell hybridomas suggesting that some of TCRαβCD8αα+ clones with microbial specificities have extrathymic origin. We also report that CD8ααCD4+ IELs and Foxp3CD4+ T cells from the small intestine shared many αβTCRs, regardless whether the later subset was isolated from Foxp3CNS1 sufficient or Foxp3CNS1 deficient mice that lacks peripherally-derived Tregs. Overall, our results imply that repertoire of TCRαβCD8αα+ in small intestine expends in situ in response to changes in microbial flora

Distinct Functions of Period2 and Period3 in the Mouse Circadian System Revealed by In Vitro Analysis

The mammalian circadian system, which is composed of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as well as other oscillators in the brain and peripheral tissues, controls daily rhythms of behavior and physiology. Lesions of the SCN abolish circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and transplants of fetal SCN tissue restore rhythmic behavior with the periodicity of the donor's genotype, suggesting that the SCN determines the period of the circadian behavioral rhythm. According to the model of timekeeping in the SCN, the Period (Per) genes are important elements of the transcriptional/translational feedback loops that generate the endogenous circadian rhythm. Previous studies have investigated the functions of the Per genes by examining locomotor activity in mice lacking functional PERIOD proteins. Variable behavioral phenotypes were observed depending on the line and genetic background of the mice. In the current study we assessed both wheel-running activity and Per1-promoter-driven luciferase expression (Per1-luc) in cultured SCN, pituitary, and lung explants from Per2−/− and Per3−/− mice congenic with the C57BL/6J strain. We found that the Per2−/− phenotype is enhanced in vitro compared to in vivo, such that the period of Per1-luc expression in Per2−/− SCN explants is 1.5 hours shorter than in Per2+/+ SCN, while the free-running period of wheel-running activity is only 11 minutes shorter in Per2−/− compared to Per2+/+ mice. In contrast, circadian rhythms in SCN explants from Per3−/− mice do not differ from Per3+/+ mice. Instead, the period and phase of Per1-luc expression are significantly altered in Per3−/− pituitary and lung explants compared to Per3+/+ mice. Taken together these data suggest that the function of each Per gene may differ between tissues. Per2 appears to be important for period determination in the SCN, while Per3 participates in timekeeping in the pituitary and lung

Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Disruption: Causes, Metabolic Consequences and Countermeasures.

Circadian (∼ 24 hour) timing systems pervade all kingdoms of life, and temporally optimize behaviour and physiology in humans. Relatively recent changes to our environments, such as the introduction of artificial lighting, can disorganize the circadian system, from the level of the molecular clocks that regulate the timing of cellular activities to the level of synchronization between our daily cycles of behaviour and the solar day. Sleep/wake cycles are intertwined with the circadian system, and global trends indicate that these too are increasingly subject to disruption. A large proportion of the world's population is at increased risk of environmentally-driven circadian rhythm and sleep disruption, and a minority of individuals are also genetically predisposed to circadian misalignment and sleep disorders. The consequences of disruption to the circadian system and sleep are profound and include myriad metabolic ramifications, some of which may be compounded by adverse effects on dietary choices. If not addressed, the deleterious effects of such disruption will continue to cause widespread health problems; therefore, implementation of the numerous behavioural and pharmaceutical interventions that can help restore circadian system alignment and enhance sleep will be important

Enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharide analogs: Evaluation of UDP-Gal analogs as donors for three retaining \u3b1-galactrosyltransferases

NRC publication: Ye