Franchise Business Development Model: Theoretical Considerations

Franchising is not a popular business development form in Lithuania. Only 0.02% of all Lithuanian companies use franchising for business development, while in most of the developed countries franchise is recognized as a convenient business expansion form. So, what factors determine such differences in the use of franchising? Analysis of related literature showed, that mainly researchers analyse some aspects of franchising, however there is no systematized analysis which covers all the main franchise development elements. Therefore, the aim of this article is to systematize franchise business development phases, main elements and factors, influencing this process and to propose a theoretical franchise system development model. Thus, theoretical considerations about the main phases and elements of franchise system development as well as advantages and disadvantages of the system are analysed in the article. These theoretical considerations are generalized in theoretical franchise system development model, which shows, that development of franchise business consists of particular steps, starting from favourable conditions for the system to emerge; intention and ability of franchisor to form franchise based on his business; the establishment and initial development of franchise system; and its further functioning. The article does not test the model and even does not discuss the operationalization of it. Operationalization of the model as well as empirical evidence is presented by the authors in the forthcoming articles

Lucro líquido do franqueado: um sinal para a escolha de franquia em época de crise

Este artículo aborda desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de Señales la elección de una franquicia por un potencial franquiciado que elige este canal de distribución por primera vez. El objetivo es analizar la relación entre algunas señales enviadas por el franquiciador y la elección de una franquicia por el potencial franquiciado. Concluimos que los efectos de las variables macroeconómicas de España en el periodo 2006-2013 influyeron en los ingresos netos de los franquiciados para que se convirtiera en una señal empleada por éstos a la hora de elegir la franquicia donde abrir un establecimiento.This paper adopts the perspective of Theory of Signals to discuss how someone starting a business as a franchisee for the first time can choose a suitable franchise brand. The aim was to analyze the relationship between certain signals sent by the franchisor and the choice of a franchise brand by the prospective franchisee. Using panel data, we found that the effects of macroeconomic variables in Spain for the 2006-2013 crisis period influenced franchisees' net income, which thus became a relevant signal in their process of choosing a franchise brand to start a business.Sob a perspectiva da Teoria de Sinais, este artigo aborda a seleção de uma franquia por um franqueado que elege esse potencial canal de distribuição pela primeira vez. O objetivo é analisar a relação entre alguns sinais enviados pelo franqueador e a escolha de uma franquia pelo potencial franqueado. Usando a metodologia de dados em painel, os resultados obtidos nos permitiram concluir que os efeitos das variáveis macroeconômicas da Espanha no período de crise econômica (2006-2013) influenciaram as receitas líquidas dos franqueados, tornando-se um sinal para eles elegerem onde abrir um estabelecimento franqueado

Entrepreneurial Orientation Rhetoric in Franchise Organizations: The Impact of National Culture

This study examines the role of national culture on the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) rhetoric contained within franchisee recruitment promotional materials, where EO rhetoric is defined as the strategic use of words in organizational narratives to convey the risk taking, innovativeness, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness of the firm. The sample comprised 378 franchise organizations, in five different countries (Australia, France, India, South Africa, and the UK). The results indicate that franchise systems operating in high uncertainty avoidance and feminine cultures use less entrepreneurially oriented rhetoric, suggesting that EO rhetoric in franchise organizations varies according to different national cultural contexts

Possible applications of survival analysis in franchising research

International audienc

PROPRIÉTÉS THERMIQUES MÉCANIQUES OPTIQUES ET ÉLECTRIQUESANOMALIE DE CHALEUR SPÉCIFIQUE AU VOISINAGE DES TRANSITIONS FERROPARAÉLECTRIQUES

Nous donnons des courbes de variation de chaleur spécifique en fonction de la température au voisinage de transitions ferro paraélectriques. Deux exemples caractéristiques ont été choisis : le T. G. S. pour les transitions du 2e ordre et PbTiO3 pour celles du premier ordre. L'existence d'une hystérésis thermique dans le second cas est mis à profit pour déterminer la chaleur latente associée à la transition

SPECIFIC HEAT ANOMALY IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF A FERRO-PARAELECTRIC TRANSITIONS

We report our measurements of specific heat variations versus temperature in the neighbourhood of ferro-paraelectric transitions. Two typical exemples have been chosen : T. G. S. for second order transition and PbTiOs for first order transition. The occurrence of a thermal hysteresis in the second case is used to evaluate the latent heat associated with the transition

TENSIONS ET COURANTS PENDANT LA DÉPOLARISATION D'UN MATÉRIAU FERROÉLECTRIQUE

On décrit une nouvelle méthode pour déterminer l'énergie électrique qu'un matériau polarisé est susceptible de fournir, à une charge quelconque, lors d'un changement de phase. Cette méthode peut être utilisée pour améliorer le processus de polarisation des matériaux ainsi que pour comparer des matériaux de stockage d'énergie électrique

VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS DURING DEPOLARIZATION OF A FERROELECTRIC MATERIAL

We describe a new method to calculate the electric energy that a polarized material is liable to supply, to any sort of load, during a phase transition. This method can also be used to improve the way of polarization and to compare different energy storage materials