80 research outputs found
Do Null-Type Mutation Operators Help Prevent Null-Type Faults?
The null-type is a major source of faults in Java programs, and its overuse
has a severe impact on software maintenance. Unfortunately traditional mutation
testing operators do not cover null-type faults by default, hence cannot be
used as a preventive measure. We address this problem by designing four new
mutation operators which model null-type faults explicitly. We show how these
mutation operators are capable of revealing the missing tests, and we
demonstrate that these mutation operators are useful in practice. For the
latter, we analyze the test suites of 15 open-source projects to describe the
trade-offs related to the adoption of these operators to strengthen the test
suite
The effect of irrigation intervals scheduling and nitrogen and zinc content on wheat yield and yield components in drought stress
In order to evaluate the effect
of irrigation interval on yield and
quantitative-qualitative characteristics of
bread wheat, splited plot experiment in
randomized block with four replications in
the 2010-11 crop years was conducted in the
research field of Islamic Azad University of
Gonabad. A number of 7, 9 and 10 days
irrigation treatments formed the main
factors of test, and spraying and nonspraying
of nitrogen and zinc were
considered as subfactor of test. The results
showed that the effect of irrigation was
significant for the number of grains per
spike in the level of 5% and on 1000-grain
weight and fat percent at the level of 1%,
and had no significant effect on grain yield,
biological yield, number of spikes/sq m
stem height, stem diameter and protein
content. Nitrogen treatment was significant
at the level of 5% on biological yield and
number of spikes/sq m, but had no
significant effect on grain yield, number of
grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, stem
height, fat and protein percent, and stem
diameter. Treatment with zinc was
statistically significant in probability level
of 1% only on percentage of fat and had no
significant effect on grain yield, biological
yield, grain numbers per spike, weight of
1000 seeds, spikes/sq m, stem height,
protein percent and stem diameter. Seven
days irrigation with of nitrogen allocated for
highest seed yield (265.38 g/m²/sq m) and
biological yield (659.33 g/m²/sq m). Means
comparison showed the highest 1000-grain
weight was obtained from 7 days irrigation
(47.10 g) and the lowest from 13 days
irrigation (40.44 g). According to the
experiment results, 7 days irrigation was
recognized as the best irrigation to achieve
maximum economic performance and 13
days irrigation were determined as most
appropriate irrigation for maximum
performance for the region due to lack of
water and weather conditions of Gonabad,
spraying zinc and nitrogen to improve
production was proposed depending on
different irrigation and the purpose of
production
Mutation Testing as a Safety Net for Test Code Refactoring
Refactoring is an activity that improves the internal structure of the code
without altering its external behavior. When performed on the production code,
the tests can be used to verify that the external behavior of the production
code is preserved. However, when the refactoring is performed on test code,
there is no safety net that assures that the external behavior of the test code
is preserved. In this paper, we propose to adopt mutation testing as a means to
verify if the behavior of the test code is preserved after refactoring.
Moreover, we also show how this approach can be used to identify the part of
the test code which is improperly refactored
Atlas construction and image analysis using statistical cardiac models
International audienceThis paper presents a brief overview of current trends in the construction of population and multi-modal heart atlases in our group and their application to atlas-based cardiac image analysis. The technical challenges around the construction of these atlases are organized around two main axes: groupwise image registration of anatomical, motion and fiber images and construction of statistical shape models. Application-wise, this paper focuses on the extraction of atlas-based biomarkers for the detection of local shape or motion abnormalities, addressing several cardiac applications where the extracted information is used to study and grade different pathologies. The paper is concluded with a discussion about the role of statistical atlases in the integration of multiple information sources and the potential this can bring to in-silico simulations
Echocardiographic prediction of outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy: conventional methods and recent developments
Echocardiography plays an important role in patient assessment before cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and can monitor many of its mechanical effects in heart failure patients. Encouraged by the highly variable individual response observed in the major CRT trials, echocardiography-based measurements of mechanical dyssynchrony have been extensively investigated with the aim of improving response prediction and CRT delivery. Despite recent setbacks, these techniques have continued to develop in order to overcome some of their initial flaws and limitations. This review discusses the concepts and rationale of the available echocardiographic techniques, highlighting newer quantification methods and discussing some of the unsolved issues that need to be addressed
Cardiac T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume (ECV) in clinical practice: a comprehensive review.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance is increasingly used to differentiate the aetiology of cardiomyopathies. Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) is the reference standard for non-invasive imaging of myocardial scar and focal fibrosis and is valuable in the differential diagnosis of ischaemic versus non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Diffuse fibrosis may go undetected on LGE imaging. Tissue characterisation with parametric mapping methods has the potential to detect and quantify both focal and diffuse alterations in myocardial structure not assessable by LGE. Native and post-contrast T1 mapping in particular has shown promise as a novel biomarker to support diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic decision making in ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies as well as in patients with acute chest pain syndromes. Furthermore, changes in the myocardium over time may be assessed longitudinally with this non-invasive tissue characterisation method
The growth and evolution of cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a 20-year history of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) annual scientific sessions
Background and purpose: The purpose of this work is to summarize cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) research trends and highlights presented at the annual Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) scientific sessions over the past 20 years. Methods: Scientific programs from all SCMR Annual Scientific Sessions from 1998 to 2017 were obtained. SCMR Headquarters also provided data for the number and the country of origin of attendees and the number of accepted abstracts according to type. Data analysis included text analysis (key word extraction) and visualization by ‘word clouds’ representing the most frequently used words in session titles for 5-year intervals. In addition, session titles were sorted into 17 major subject categories to further evaluate research and clinical CMR trends over time. Results: Analysis of SCMR annual scientific sessions locations, attendance, and number of accepted abstracts demonstrated substantial growth of CMR research and clinical applications. As an international field of study, significant growth of CMR was documented by a strong increase in SCMR scientific session attendance (> 500%, 270 to 1406 from 1998 to 2017, number of accepted abstracts (> 700%, 98 to 701 from 1998 to 2018) and number of international participants (42–415% increase for participants from Asia, Central and South America, Middle East and Africa in 2004–2017). ‘Word clouds’ based evaluation of research trends illustrated a shift from early focus on ‘MRI technique feasibility’ to new established techniques (e.g. late gadolinium enhancement) and their clinical applications and translation (key words ‘patient’, ‘disease’) and more recently novel techniques and quantitative CMR imaging (key words ‘mapping’, ‘T1’, ‘flow’, ‘function’). Nearly every topic category demonstrated an increase in the number of sessions over the 20-year period with ‘Clinical Practice’ leading all categories. Our analysis identified three growth areas ‘Congenital’, ‘Clinical Practice’, and ‘Structure/function/flow’. Conclusion: The analysis of the SCMR historical archives demonstrates a healthy and internationally active field of study which continues to undergo substantial growth and expansion into new and emerging CMR topics and clinical application areas
Animal Models of Dyssynchrony
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an important therapy for patients with heart failure and conduction pathology, but the benefits are heterogeneous between patients and approximately a third of patients do not show signs of clinical or echocardiographic response. This calls for a better understanding of the underlying conduction disease and resynchronization. In this review, we discuss to what extent established and novel animal models can help to better understand the pathophysiology of dyssynchrony and the benefits of CRT
Dosimetry tools and techniques for IMRT
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98734/1/MPH001313.pd
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