Fitosociología urbana I: la comunidad de Poa Annua L. y Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. del centro de Argentina

Fitosociología urbana I: La comunidad de Poa annua L. y Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. del centro de Argentina. Se comentan algunos de los problemas asociados a la práctica fitosociológica en zonas urbanizadas y, en este contexto, se analiza la identidad de una comunidad de Poa annua L. y Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. presente en la zona central de Argentina. Los inventarios realizados en las provincias de Mendoza, San Luis, Córdoba y Buenos Aires, fueron comparados con los de las asociaciones relacionadas. Siguiendo el criterio para definir alianzas y asociaciones y utilizando Twinspan como método de análisis objetivo, se consideró a la comunidad como Bromo cathartici- Coronopodetum didymi ass. nova, vicariante neotropical, chaqueña y estrechamente relacionada con el Poo annuae- Coronopodetum didymi Carretero & Aguilella 1995, ibérico. Se propone la ampliación del areal, como neófita, de la alianza Policarpion tetraphylli Rivas-Martínez 1975 hasta América del Sur y se resalta la necesidad de incluir en sintaxones de amplia distribución a los taxones frecuentes en hábitats antropozoogénicos, lo cual facilitaría el desarrollo de la Fitosociología urbana a lo largo del mundo

I podestà di Oberto Pelavicino nell’Italia settentrionale (1250-1266)

Il marchese Oberto Pelavicino, dopo aver ricoperto la carica di vicario imperiale sotto Federico II e Corrado IV, tra il 1250 e il 1266 fu signore di alcune tra le principali citt\ue0 della Lombardia duecentesca: Cremona, Piacenza, Pavia, Vercelli, Milano, Brescia, Alessandria e Tortona. \uc8 stato possibile analizzare il sistema di governo messo in atto dal marchese attraverso la schedatura prosopografica dei podest\ue0 inviati dal Pelavicino nei vari centri da lui controllati: da una parte il profilo sociale e l\u2019appartenenza politica dei rettori mostrano quali furono le famiglie e i gruppi che lo appoggiarono nei diversi centri, dall\u2019altra le provenienze geografiche e lo studio della circolazione degli ufficiali offrono un quadro interpretativo di come il Pelavicino amministr\uf2 una cos\uec vasta compagine territoriale. Pertanto, lo studio dei podest\ue0 pelaviciniani ha fatto emergere i diversi modi con cui il marchese si rapport\uf2 con le citt\ue0, evidenziando le specificit\ue0 del dominio e consentendo una visione della signoria attenta ad ogni diversa realt\ue0 cittadina ma allo stesso tempo capace di tenere conto della dimensione sovra locale del dominio.Between 1250 and 1266 the marquis Oberto Pelavicino became lord of some of the main cities in Lombardy of the thir- teenth-century, after holding the title of imperial Vicar under the reign of Federico II and Corrado IV: Cremona, Piacenza, Pavia, Vercelli, Milano, Brescia, Alessandria e Tortona. It has been possible to analyse the government's system that the marquis put into place through the prosopographic cataloguing/filing of all the podesta\u300 that Pelavicino had sent in the different towns under his control. On one hand the rectores social profile and political membership show how families and groups supported him in the different centres, on the other one, the officers' geographical origin and the study on their circulation offer an interpretative framework of how Pelavicino administered his dominio. Therefore, the study of the Palavicinian mayors has pointed out the different ways through which the marquis relied to the cities, highlighting the domain\u2019s specificity and allowing a view on the lordship that is attentive to every different city\u2019s reality, but in a prospective that is able to take into account the domain\u2019s over-local dimension at the same time

La vegetación de ribera como indicadora de calidad ambiental en ríos serranos de la provincia de San Luis (Argentina)

The quality of the rivers can be analyzed using the characteristics of the vegetation of its banks. Nowadays, these habitats are being degraded at an accelerated rate by human disturbance. The aim of this study was to use the riparian vegetation of three rivers of the Sierra de San Luis (Argentina) as an indicator of the quality of aquatic environments. Fourteen phytosociological inventories were conducted in randomly selected sites on the banks of Potrero, El Volcán and El Trapiche rivers. In addition to the inventories, an anthropization index was calculated and a total of 23 alterations were identified. Each of these were assigned a value 0 (zero), 1 (low), 2 (medium) and 3 (high). These values were summed up to obtain a final score for each site. The results indicated that areas with higher anthropization possess a higher richness and coverage of invasive plants species, which are characteristic of disturbed sites. The site with the highest human disturbance was located on the banks of river El Volcán, while the lowest value was found in Potrero river. It can be inferred that invasive plants and the riparian communities’ characteristics are good indicators of the environmental quality of these rivers.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

La vegetación de ribera como indicadora de calidad ambiental en ríos serranos de la provincia de San Luis (Argentina)

The quality of the rivers can be analyzed using the characteristics of the vegetation of its banks. Nowadays, these habitats are being degraded at an accelerated rate by human disturbance. The aim of this study was to use the riparian vegetation of three rivers of the Sierra de San Luis (Argentina) as an indicator of the quality of aquatic environments. Fourteen phytosociological inventories were conducted in randomly selected sites on the banks of Potrero, El Volcán and El Trapiche rivers. In addition to the inventories, an anthropization index was calculated and a total of 23 alterations were identified. Each of these were assigned a value 0 (zero), 1 (low), 2 (medium) and 3 (high). These values were summed up to obtain a final score for each site. The results indicated that areas with higher anthropization possess a higher richness and coverage of invasive plants species, which are characteristic of disturbed sites. The site with the highest human disturbance was located on the banks of river El Volcán, while the lowest value was found in Potrero river. It can be inferred that invasive plants and the riparian communities’ characteristics are good indicators of the environmental quality of these rivers.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Collecting built environment information using UAVs: Time and applicability in building inspection activities

The Italian way of thinking about maintenance is too often one-sided. Indeed, it is considered not so much as a useful practice to prevent the occurrence of a fault (ex ante), but as an intervention to solve it (ex post). Analyzing the legislation relating to the construction sector, it can be seen that it does not clearly define the responsibilities, timescales and methods in which maintenance interventions must be planned and carried out. For this reason, this practice is still very weak compared, for example, to the industrial sector, where it is an established practice. Currently, the complexity of reading the maintenance plans drawn up by designers and the considerable costs associated with maintenance operations discourage owners and managers from even carrying out preliminary inspection operations. This research aims to stimulate these stakeholders to carry out inspection operations regularly, highlighting their costs and benefits. In particular, working on a case study in Piedmont, the costs of visual inspections carried out in the traditional way are compared with those that would be incurred if unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were used. Finally, the collateral benefits of inspections carried out with UAVs are highlighted

La vegetación de ribera como indicadora de calidad ambiental en ríos serranos de la provincia de San Luis (Argentina)

The quality of the rivers can be analyzed using the characteristics of the vegetation of its banks. Nowadays, these habitats are being degraded at an accelerated rate by human disturbance. The aim of this study was to use the riparian vegetation of three rivers of the Sierra de San Luis (Argentina) as an indicator of the quality of aquatic environments. Fourteen phytosociological inventories were conducted in randomly selected sites on the banks of Potrero, El Volcán and El Trapiche rivers. In addition to the inventories, an anthropization index was calculated and a total of 23 alterations were identified. Each of these were assigned a value 0 (zero), 1 (low), 2 (medium) and 3 (high). These values were summed up to obtain a final score for each site. The results indicated that areas with higher anthropization possess a higher richness and coverage of invasive plants species, which are characteristic of disturbed sites. The site with the highest human disturbance was located on the banks of river El Volcán, while the lowest value was found in Potrero river. It can be inferred that invasive plants and the riparian communities’ characteristics are good indicators of the environmental quality of these rivers.La calidad de los ríos se puede analizar utilizando las características de la vegetación de sus orillas. Hoy en día, estos hábitats se están degradando a un ritmo acelerado por la perturbación humana. El objetivo de este estudio fue utilizar la vegetación ribereña de tres ríos de la Sierra de San Luis (Argentina) como indicador de la calidad de los ambientes acuáticos. Se realizaron catorce inventarios fitosociológicos en sitios seleccionados al azar en las orillas de los ríos Potrero, El Volcán y El Trapiche. Además de los inventarios, se calculó un índice de antropización y se identificaron un total de 23 alteraciones. A cada uno de estos se les asignó un valor 0 (cero), 1 (bajo), 2 (medio) y 3 (alto). Estos valores se resumieron para obtener una puntuación final para cada sitio. Los resultados indicaron que las áreas con mayor antropización poseen una mayor riqueza y cobertura de especies de plantas invasoras, que son características de los sitios perturbados. El sitio con la perturbación humana más alta se ubicó a orillas del río El Volcán, mientras que el valor más bajo se encontró en el río Potrero. Se puede inferir que las plantas invasoras y las características de las comunidades ribereñas son buenos indicadores de la calidad ambiental de estos ríos

Ecoanatomia del ébano sudamericano: “guayacán” (Libidibia paraguariensis, Fabaceae).

Ecoanatomy of southamerican ebony, ‘guayacán’ (Libidibia paraguariensis, Fabaceae). The wood of Libidibia paraguariensis (D. Parodi) G. P. Lewis, “guayacan” is homologous to that of Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig “ebony”. It is a wood with technological and organoleptic characteristics that giveexcellent quality and significant future potential. For this reason study objectives were: (1) deepen the knowledge of anatomical qualities of the wood and bark; (2) analyze sapwood-heartwood ratio, and (3) characterize the growth rings. The study was conducted using samples from Guasayán, Santiago delEstero, and Villa Rio Bermejito, Chaco (Argentina). Six trees from each site were selected randomly. A wood disk from the main shaft of each individual, at a height of 1.3 m was achieved. The description of the wood and bark was performed. The relevant anatomical character with high diagnostic value was fullstratification of radios. The rings are demarcated, with an average radial increment (RI) average 3.57 mm, the growth is slow-medium, with thick sapwood. The xylem has corresponding features to a mesomorphic species. The outer bark with one or two accumulated periderms, presents dehiscence in thin plates, which is a diagnostic element for field determination.La madera de Libidibia paraguariensis (D. Parodi) G. P. Lewis “guayacán”, es homóloga a la de Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig “ébano”. Es una madera cuyas características tecnológicas y organolépticas le otorgan extraordinaria calidad y gran potencial futuro. Por este motivo los objetivos del trabajo fueron: (1) profundizar el conocimiento de las cualidades anatómicas del leño y la corteza;(2) analizar la relación albura-duramen y (3) caracterizar los anillos de crecimiento. El estudio se realizó empleando muestras provenientes de Guasayán, Santiago del Estero y Villa Rio Bermejito, Chaco (Argentina). Seis árboles de cada sitio, fueron seleccionados al azar. Se consiguió una rodaja del fuste principal de cada individuo, a una altura de 1,3 m. Se realizó la descripción del leño y de la corteza. El carácter anatómico relevante con alto valor diagnóstico resultó la estratificación completa de los radios. Los anillos son demarcados, con un incremento radial (IR) medio de 3,57 mm, el crecimiento es lento a medio, con albura gruesa. El leño presenta características correspondientes a una especie mesomórfica. La corteza externa con una o dos peridermis acumuladas, presenta dehiscencia en placas delgadas, lo cual resulta un elemento diagnóstico para la determinación a campo

First Report of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing in Castanea sativa Mill

CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as the most important tool for genome engineering due to its simplicity, design flexibility, and high efficiency. This technology makes it possible to induce point mutations in one or some target sequences simultaneously, as well as to introduce new genetic variants by homology-directed recombination. However, this approach remains largely unexplored in forest species. In this study, we reported the first example of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in Castanea genus. As a proof of concept, we targeted the gene encoding phytoene desaturase (pds), whose mutation disrupts chlorophyll biosynthesis allowing for the visual assessment of knockout efficiency. Globular and early torpedo-stage somatic embryos of Castanea sativa (European chestnut) were cocultured for 5 days with a CRISPR/Cas9 construct targeting two conserved gene regions of pds and subsequently cultured on a selection medium with kanamycin. After 8 weeks of subculture on selection medium, four kanamycin-resistant embryogenetic lines were isolated. Genotyping of these lines through target Sanger sequencing of amplicons revealed successful gene editing. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were maturated on maltose 3% and cold-stored at 4°C for 2 months. Subsequently, embryos were subjected to the germination process to produce albino plants. This study opens the way to the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in European chestnut for biotechnological application