Mètodes de laboratori per a l'avaluació de l'efecte dels plaguicides sobre "Macrolophus caliginosus" (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Es defineixen dues metodologies d'avaluació de l'efecte de plaguicides sobre Macrolophus caliginosos Wagner seguint les indicacions de l'OILB/IOBC. L'aplicació del producte sobre un substrat inert (vidre) o fulla impliquen diferencies en els resultats. Es discuteixen els seus avantatges i limitacions.Two methodologies of pesticide effect on Macrolophus caliginosos Wagner following OILB/IOBC rules are defined. Spraying on inert substrat (glass) or leaf lead to different results. Advantages and limitations are cliscussed

Reflections on the documentary abstract and it?s practice: revision and systematization of theoreticalpractical approaches

[Resumen] Se realiza una categorización de los estudios del resumen documental a partir de la revisión de los diferentes modelos y propuestas de los investigadores en este campo. Se señala la evolución de la investigación en esta actividad de tratamiento documental de contenido, atendiendo a las aproximaciones de la textolingüística y el estructuralismo lingüístico, los enfoques semióticos, las orientaciones de la psicología cognitiva, o el funcionalismo sociointeraccional. Para ello, se establecen distintas etapas, que van desde los postulados precientíficos iniciales hacia avances metateóricos y procedimentales más complejos y dinámicos. Las nuevas orientaciones y tendencias son clasificadas en base a tres dimensiones: el enfoque del texto/producto, el enfoque del proceso-actividad resumidora y la aproximación comunicativo-sociocultural, como puente integrador entre ambos. Finalmente, se alude a una fusión necesaria de las teorías resumidoras existentes para configurar un mapa consolidado de modelos resumidores en distintos ámbitos de especialidad.[Abstract] We elaborate a study of the documentary abstract´s categorisation based on the revision of the different models the investigators in this field´s proposal. In this paper it is indicated the evolution of the investigation about the activity of the documentary treatment focusing on content. This research is developing through various interdisciplinary approaches, such as, textolingüístique approache, linguistic estructuralism approach, semiotic approach, including mental psychology orientation, and sociointeractional functionalism. In order to achieve the purpose, different stages are established: starting from the initial pre-scientific proposals which postulated towards the more complex and dynamic metatheoretical and procedural advances. The new directions and tendencies are classified on the basis of three dimensions: text/ product approach, abstracting process-activity approach and the communicative-sociocultural approach, as the integrating bridge between both. Finally, it guide to a necessary fusion of the existing summarizing theories in order to form a consolidated map of abstracting models in different scopes of specialty

Compliance Surveillance of the Tobacco Control Legislation in a Spanish Region and Characterization of Passive Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and E-Cig in Children in Outdoor Spaces

Children; Smoking signage; Tobacco control legislationNiños; Señalización de fumar; Legislación de control del tabacoNens; Senyalització de fumar; Legislació de control del tabac(1) Background: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has decreased in recent years in Spain, due to the implementation of tobacco control policies. However, there is no regulation that protects against second-hand smoke (SHS) in outdoor environments. Our goal is to describe the smoking prohibition signage in public spaces and to characterize tobacco consumption in outdoor environments describing the SHS exposure in children. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study using direct observation was carried out with a convenience sample (n = 179) that included hospitality venues with terraces, schools and healthcare facilities in the municipality of Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona, Spain). The observations were made without notifying the owners by one single field researcher between April and June 2018. The variables were evaluated by signage and signs of tobacco consumption (ashtrays, cigarette butts and presence of smokers). (3) Results: Smoke-free zone signage outside public spaces was present in 30.7% of all venues, with only 50.9% correctness. When analysing terraces of hospitality venues, in 35.8% of them there were children present with 66.7% of tobacco consumption. (4) Conclusions: Our results show a low prevalence of antismoking signage, without an impact on tobacco consumption regardless of the presence of children

T-cell intracellular antigens in health and disease

T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) and TIA1-related/like protein (TIAR/TIAL1) are 2 proteins discovered in 1991 as components of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granules. They act in the nucleus as regulators of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. In the cytoplasm, TIA1 and TIAR regulate and/or modulate the location, stability and/or translation of mRNAs. As knowledge of the different genes regulated by these proteins and the cellular/biological programs in which they are involved increases, it is evident that these antigens are key players in human physiology and pathology. This review will discuss the latest developments in the field, with physiopathological relevance, that point to novel roles for these regulators in the molecular and cell biology of higher eukaryotes.Ministry Economic Affairs and Competitiveness through FEDER funds (BFU2008–00354, BFU2011–29653 and BFU2014–57735-R). The CBMSO receives an institutional grant from Fundación Ramón Areces.Peer Reviewe

Determinantes del entorno familiar en el fomento del hábito lector del alumnado de Educación Primaria

El presente trabajo se ubica en el ámbito de las relaciones entre el medio familiar y el hábito de lectura, focalizando la atención sobre el alumnado de Educación Primaria y sus familias. En concreto, se ha analizado la incidencia de la situación económica, cultural, laboral y la implicación familiar sobre el hábito lector de sus hijos. En la realización de la investigación se ha adoptado un diseño cuantitativo no experimental de corte transversal, en el que la información ha sido recogida entre 403 escolares de nueve centros de Educación Primaria de la Región de Murcia mediante un cuestionario. Los resultados obtenidos revelan niveles más altos de hábito de lectura en el alumnado cuyos padres presentan una situación económica y un nivel de estudios superior, así como una mayor implicación en la educación de sus hijos. Por último, se apuntan algunas recomendaciones que desde la escuela podrían llevarse a cabo para intentar solventar las desventajas familiares de partida, animando a las familias a participar de forma directa en las actividades que propongan los centros y estrechando, de esta manera, la relación familia-escuela.This research is located in the environment of relationships between the family environment and the reading habit, focusing the attention on students of Primary Education and their families. Specifi cally, the aim was analysing how the economic, cultural, labour situation and the family involvement affect the reading habit of children. A quantitative, no experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive design was used in the research, in which information was collected in nine schools from Region de Murcia, taking into consideration a sample of 403 children. The results show higher reading habit in students whose parents have better economic status, superior academic level and greater involvement in the education of their children. Finally, some recommendations were displayed as actions that should be taken from the school perspective in order to try to solve the family, economic and cultural disadvantages of the starting point. These suggestions seek encouraging families to participate directly in the proposed activities by schools, narrowing the gap between the family and school

Actualización en técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal

El fracaso renal agudo afecta a un 25% de los pacientes hospitalizados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. A pesar de los avances tecnológicos, la mortalidad de estos pacientes sigue siendo elevada debido a las complicaciones asociadas. Uno de los tratamientos del fracaso renal agudo son las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal ya que permiten tratar las complicaciones y disminuir la mortalidad. El conocimiento y la habilidad de la enfermera en relación con estas técnicas serán decisivos para el éxito de la terapia. Para ello, la formación y la experiencia de la enfermera son el componente clave. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo actualizar los conocimientos sobre las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal. Para ello, se realiza una revisión de los principios físico-químicos, como la difusión y la convección, entre otros, una descripción de las modalidades de las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal, una presentación de los principales accesos vasculares y una descripción de los cuidados enfermeros y de las complicaciones relacionadas con las técnicas utilizadas

Estimating Kidney Function in the Critically Ill Patients

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an accepted measure for assessment of kidney function. For the critically ill patient, creatinine clearance is the method of reference for the estimation of the GFR, although this is often not measured but estimated by equations (i.e., Cockroft-Gault or MDRD) not well suited for the critically ill patient. Functional evaluation of the kidney rests in serum creatinine (Crs) that is subjected to multiple external factors, especially relevant overhydration and loss of muscle mass. The laboratory method used introduces variations in Crs, an important fact considering that small increases in Crs have serious repercussion on the prognosis of patients. Efforts directed to stratify the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) have crystallized in the RIFLE or AKIN systems, based in sequential changes in Crs or urine flow. These systems have provided a common definition of AKI and, due to their sensitivity, have meant a considerable advantage for the clinical practice but, on the other side, have introduced an uncertainty in clinical research because of potentially overestimating AKI incidence. Another significant drawback is the unavoidable period of time needed before a patient is classified, and this is perhaps the problem to be overcome in the near future

Engaging End-Users in the Collaborative Development of Domain-Speci c Modelling Languages

International audienceDomain-Speci c Modelling Languages (DSMLs) are high-level languages specially designed to perform tasks in a particular domain. When developing DSMLs, the participation of end-users is normally limited to providing domain knowledge and testing the resulting language prototypes. Language developers, which are perhaps not domain experts, are therefore in control of the language development and evolution. This may cause misinterpretations which hamper the development process and the quality of the DSML. Thus, it would be bene cial to promote a more active participation of end-users in the development process of DSMLs. While current DSML workbenches are mono-user and designed for technical experts, we present a process and tool support for the example-driven, collaborative construction of DSMLs in order to engage end-users in the creation of their own languages