Loot box purchases and their relationship with internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder in adolescents: A prospective study

In recent years, the video game industry has introduced Loot Box (LB), a new type of microtransaction in which a gamer uses real currency to purchase a random virtual item within a video game. Recently, LBs became more widespread and there is evidence suggesting their similarity to online gambling. Although some studies have investigated the association between LBs with disordered gaming and disordered gambling, very few have done so with clinical indicators of these problems. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge no longitudinal evidence of such relationships currently exists in the literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to 1) ascertain the stability of LB purchasing in minors and 2) investigate the associations between LB purchasing with gambling online and online gambling disorder within six months. A prospective cohort study was conducted at two time points six months apart. In total, 2.213 Spanish adolescents (1.067 [48.9%] boys) aged between 11 and 17 years participated in both waves. The purchase of LBs was prevalent and stable in the sample across the six months. While a positive relationship was found between purchasing LBs and online gambling six months later, the relationships between purchasing LBs and the presentation of online gambling disorder and gaming disorder require further study

Influence of the ionic radius on Structural and Magnetic response of the system Pr 0.48 TR 0.02 Ca 0.5 Co0 3-δ

The metal - insulator transition (MIT), of the oxides type perovskite formed by elements of Rare Earths (TR), presents an interesting behavior in the family derived from Pr0.5Ca0.5Co03-δ .In this paper it is studied the influence of ionic radius of the rare earth TR in the crystalline structure and in the synthesis of the new family perovskite type Pr0.48TR0.02Ca0.5Co03-δ (TR=Eu,Sm,Dy),produced by the technique of the solid state reaction. The structural characterization of the system was realized by X-rays diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld analysis, demonstrating that the samples crystallize in a orthorhombic structure with spatial group Pnma (#62), without significant changes in phase structural generated by the variation of the ionic radius. They were measurements of magnetization as a function of temperature with the vibrating sample magnetometer VSM of the Quantum Design, in temperature range from 50 to 310K. The curves of the magnetization as a function of temperature presented a similar behavior for all system.La transición metal-aislante (MIT), de óxidos tipo perovskita formados por elementos de Tierras Raras (TR), presenta un comportamiento interesante en la familia derivada del Pr0.5Ca0.5Co03-δ. En este trabajo se estudia la influencia del radio iónico de la TR en la estructura cristalina y en la síntesis de la nueva familia tipo perovskita Pr0.48TR0.02Ca0.5Co03-δ (TR =Eu, Sm, Dy), producida por la técnica de reacción en estado sólido. La caracterización estructural del sistema se realizó a través de la técnica de difracción de rayos X (DRX) y análisis de refinamiento Rietveld, demostrando que las muestras cristalizan en una estructura ortorrómbica de grupo espacial Pnma (#62), sin cambios significativos de fase estructural generados por la variación del radio iónico. Se realizaron medidas de magnetización en función de la temperatura con el magnetómetro de muestra vibrante VSM de la Quantum Design, en un rango de temperatura de 50 a 310K. Las curvas de magnetización en función de la temperatura presentan un comportamiento similar para todo el sistema.O metal de transição - isolador (MIT), do tipo perovskita de óxidos formado por elementos de Rare Earths (TR), apresenta um comportamento interessante na família derivado de Pr0.5Ca0.5Co03-δ. Neste artigo, estuda-se a influência de radio-iónico do TR na estrutura cristalina e na síntese do novo tipo familiar Pr0.48TR0.02Ca0.5Co03-δ (TR = Eu, Sm, Dy), produzido pela técnica de reação do estado sólido. A caracterização estrutural do sistema foi realizada por difração de raios-X (DRX) e análise de refinamento Rietveld, demonstrando que as amostras cristalizam em uma estrutura ortorrôbbica com o grupo espacial Pnma (62), sem alterações significativas na fase estrutural gerada pela variação da radio-iónico. Foram medições da magnetização em função da temperatura com o magnetometro de amostra vibratório VSM do Quantum Design, na faixa de temperatura de 50 a 310K. As curvas da magnetização em função da temperatura apresentaram comportamento semelhante para todo o sistema

Relationship of ST segment/heart rate slope index and ST segment change index scores on the heart rate change during conventional stress test with the presentation of new cardiovascular events

Introducción: La prueba de esfuerzo convencional es una herramienta diagnóstica de fácil interpretación y accesibilidad que se utiliza de forma frecuente en la evaluación del dolor torácico, no obstante, sus características operativas están influenciadas por múltiples variables resultando en una capacidad limitada para la predicción global de desenlaces cardiovasculares. El uso de los índices y las variables adicionales en su interpretación podrían mejorar la predicción de los desenlaces cardiovasculares. Métodos: Mediante la realización de un estudio descriptivo, analítico y retrospectivo, se evaluó la relación y capacidad de predicción de los índices pendiente ST/FC y ST/FC con el desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares a un año. De un total de 438 estudios, se seleccionaron 138 que cumplían con los criterios para evaluación. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables de interés y posteriormente se procedió a realizar un análisis univariado y multivariado de las diferentes variables y desenlaces de interés. Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la capacidad del ejercicio, el índice pendiente ST/FC y el desarrollo de los desenlaces cardiovasculares, sin encontrar relación significativa con el índice pendiente ST/FC. Se observa discreta mejoría de la capacidad de predicción global de la prueba de esfuerzo convencional con la adición del índice pendiente ST/FC (AUC 0,70 a AUC 0,74).Q4Artículo original5-9Introduction: Conventional stress test is a diagnostic tool easy to interpret and of easy access frequently used in the assessment of chest pain; however, its operational characteristics are influenced by multiple variables, resulting in a limited ability for global prediction of cardiovascular outcomes. The use of indexes and additional variables in their interpretation could improve prediction of cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: By conducting a descriptive, analytical and retrospective study, the relationship and prediction ability of the slope ST/HR and ST/HR indexes with the development of cardiovascular events were assessed at one year. Out of a total of 438 studies, 138 were selected that complied with the evaluation criteria. A descriptive analysis of the variables of interest was carried out, and later on a univariate and multivariate analysis of the different variables and outcomes of interest. Conclusions: A statistically significant relationship was found between exercise capacity, ST/HR slope index and the development of cardiovascular events, without findings of a significant relationship with the ST/HR slope index. A discreet improvement of the global prediction capacity of the conventional stress test with the addition of the ST/HR slope index (AUC 0.70 to AUC 0.74) is observed.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3606-210

Importance of individual analysis of environmental and climatic factors affecting the density of Leishmania vectors living in the same geographical area: the example of Phlebotomus ariasi and P. perniciosus in northeast Spain.

The aim of the present study was to determine the role of specific environmental and climatic factors affecting the distribution and density of Phlebotomus ariasi and P. perniciosus, the proven vectors for Leishmania infantum in Spain. An entomological study was carried out in July 2006 in the province of Lleida with sticky traps set in their diurnal resting places at altitudes ranging from 86 to 1,755 m above the mean sea level (339 sites were sampled). Bivariate analysis revealed that factors such as altitude, bioclimatic zone, temperature, precipitation, sampling site (site relative to settlement, site situation, site category), wall vegetation, particular environment (in this case a natural park), general environment, adjacent natural vegetation and land cover were significantly associated with sand fly densities. The multivariate model for P. perniciosus revealed that its density was affected by site and land cover. Specifically, paved driveways correlated negatively with vector density (Incidence Risk Ratio (IRR): 0.41) and arable land cover correlated positively (IRR: 4.59). In the case of P. ariasi, a significant correlation was observed with the altitude and bioclimatic zone, with density increasing at >800 m above the mean sea level (IRR: 3.40) and decreasing in the meso-Mediterranean bioclimatic zone (IRR: 0.08). Both species were mostly found in agricultural and forest areas far from domestic environments. However, the two species correlated differently with altitude, bio-climate, vegetation, temperature and precipitation, which emphasises the importance of their individual analysis in studies regarding risk of leishmaniasis transmission

Relación entre los puntajes del índice de pendiente del segmento ST/frecuencia cardiaca y el índice del cambio del segmento ST sobre el cambio de la frecuencia cardiaca durante la realización de la prueba de esfuerzo convencional con la presentación de nuevos eventos cardiovasculares

Introducción: La prueba de esfuerzo convencional es una herramienta diagnóstica de fácil interpretación y accesibilidad que se utiliza de forma frecuente en la evaluación del dolor torácico, no obstante, sus características operativas están influenciadas por múltiples variables resultando en una capacidad limitada para la predicción global de desenlaces cardiovasculares. El uso de los índices y las variables adicionales en su interpretación podrían mejorar la predicción de los desenlaces cardiovasculares. Métodos: Mediante la realización de un estudio descriptivo, analítico y retrospectivo, se evaluó la relación y capacidad de predicción de los índices pendiente ST/FC y ST/FC con el desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares a un ano. ˜ De un total de 438 estudios, se seleccionaron 138 que cumplían con los criterios para evaluación. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables de interés y posteriormente se procedió a realizar un análisis univariado y multivariado de las diferentes variables y desenlaces de interés. Conclusiones: Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la capacidad del ejercicio, el índice pendiente ST/FC y el desarrollo de los desenlaces cardiovasculares, sin encontrar relación significativa con el índice pendiente ST/FC. Se observa discreta mejoría de la capacidad de predicción global de la prueba de esfuerzo convencional con la adición del índice pendiente ST/FC (AUC 0,70 a AUC 0,74). Relationship of ST segment/heart rate slope index and ST segment change index scores on the heart rate change during conventional stress test with the presentation of new cardiovascular events. © 2016 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiolog´ıa y Cirug´ıa Cardiovascular. Publicado por Elsevier Espana, ˜ S.L.U. Este es un art´ıculo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Q4Artículo original5-9Introduction: Conventional stress test is a diagnostic tool easy to interpret and of easy access frequently used in the assessment of chest pain; however, its operational characteristics are influenced by multiple variables, resulting in a limited ability for global prediction of cardiovascular outcomes. The use of indexes and additional variables in their interpretation could improve prediction of cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: By conducting a descriptive, analytical and retrospective study, the relationship and prediction ability of the slope ST/HR and ST/HR indexes with the development of cardiovascular events were assessed at one year. Out of a total of 438 studies, 138 were selected that complied with the evaluation criteria. A descriptive analysis of the variables of interest was carried out, and later on a univariate and multivariate analysis of the different variables and outcomes of interest. Conclusions: A statistically significant relationship was found between exercise capacity, ST/HR slope index and the development of cardiovascular events, without findings of a significant relationship with the ST/HR slope index. A discreet improvement of the global prediction capacity of the conventional stress test with the addition of the ST/HR slope index (AUC 0.70 to AUC 0.74) is observed. © 2016 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiolog´ıa y Cirug´ıa Cardiovascular. Published by Elsevier Espana, ˜ S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Apex scavengers from different European populations converge at threatened savannah landscapes

Over millennia, human intervention has transformed European habitats mainly through extensive livestock grazing. “Dehesas/Montados” are an Iberian savannah-like ecosystem dominated by oak-trees, bushes and grass species that are subject to agricultural and extensive livestock uses. They are a good example of how large-scale, low intensive transformations can maintain high biodiversity levels as well as socio-economic and cultural values. However, the role that these human-modified habitats can play for individuals or species living beyond their borders is unknown. Here, using a dataset of 106 adult GPS-tagged Eurasian griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) monitored over seven years, we show how individuals breeding in western European populations from Northern, Central, and Southern Spain, and Southern France made long-range forays (LRFs) of up to 800 km to converge in the threatened Iberian “dehesas” to forage. There, extensive livestock and wild ungulates provide large amounts of carcasses, which are available to scavengers from traditional exploitations and rewilding processes. Our results highlight that maintaining Iberian “dehesas” is critical not only for local biodiversity but also for long-term conservation and the ecosystem services provided by avian scavengers across the continent

Marine megafauna niche coexistence and hotspot areas in a temperate ecosystem

Versión del editor2,08

Capecitabine and bevacizumab as first-line treatment in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of capecitabine and bevacizumab in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) considered unsuitable for receiving first-line chemotherapy with an irinotecan or oxaliplatin-based combination were assessed in a phase II, open, multicentre, uncontrolled study. METHODS: Treatment consisted of capecitabine 1250 mgm 2 (or 950 mgm 2 for patients with a creatinine clearance of 30–50ml min 1) twice daily on days 1–14 and bevacizumab (7.5 mg kg 1) on day 1 every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients aged X70 years with mCRC were enrolled. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the overall response rate was 34%, with 71% of patients achieving disease control. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 10.8 months and 18 months, respectively. In all, 32 patients (54%) had grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs), the most common being hand–foot syndrome (19%), diarrhoea (9%) and deep venous thrombosis (7%). Four patients died because of treatment-related AEs. A relationship was detected between creatinine clearance p50 ml min 1 and the development of non-bevacizumab-related grade 3/4 AEs. The incidence of bevacizumab-associated AEs (hypertension, thromboembolic events and proteinuria) was consistent with that of previous reports in elderly patients. CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab combined with capecitabine represents a valid therapeutic alternative in elderly patients considered to be unsuitable for receiving polychemotherapy.This study was supported by Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, NJ, USA

Desarrollo coordinado de evaluación de competencias en materias de ingeniería

Ponencia presentada en: VIII Jornadas de Innovación Docente de la UBU, Burgos, 5 de abril de 2016, organizadas por el Instituto de Formación e Innovación Educativa-IFIE de la Universidad de Burgo