METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO INTEGRATE A GIS-BASED ANALYSIS INTO THE DESIGN OF CULTURAL ITINERARIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF AN INTEGRATED PLAN FOR TERRITORY

Abstract. The historical concept of heritage, which mostly comprised physical architectural and archaeological evidences, has been extended to the surrounding landscape in the last decades. This tendency has been corroborated by a series of International Charters and the European Landscape Convention of 2000. Landscape, understood as the perceptible part of territory that supports the contingencies throughout history, is subject to protection, management and planning. However, some inherent aspects of territory have been disregarded because of the frantic enlargement of cities throughout the twentieth century at the expense of the rural areas. Territorial heritage, which is fundamental to cultural landscape formation, is currently considered a strategic resource able to guarantee self-sustaining development of peri-urban and rural zones. In many cases, urban investments and planning associated to the enlargement of the metropolitan areas have overlooked this fruitful territorial heritage, making cultural landscapes illegible. This is the case of the cultural landscapes in the buffer zones of the archaeological sites, which are part of a diffuse territorial heritage that requires to be assessed by means of some innovative approaches. Cultural itineraries are presented as a landscape architecture strategy for valorising territorial heritage. Well-targeted design of these itineraries can also contribute to restore the dynamics of cultural landscape formation and to regenerate peri-urban and rural areas by promoting its self-sustaining development. To that end, the conceptualisation and hypotheses posed by some authors of the Società dei Territorialisti/e are used as references. A work methodology to design cultural itineraries is suggested in line with the presumptions of an integrated plan for territory aimed to valorise the territorial heritage. This paper explores in which way a GIS-based analysis can be integrated into the design of a landscape architecture like the cultural itinerary

Application of the Wavelet Transform to the Digital Image Processing of Electron Micrographs and of Backreflection Electron Diffraction Patterns

In this work we explore the use of the so-called wavelet transform in the digital image processing of micrographs. The wavelet transform of an image f(x,y) is defined as: Wf(s,u,v) = f(x,y) s Ψ(s(x-u),s(y-v)) dxdy where Ψ is an analyzing function called wavelet and which is in our examples always taken to be the Mexican hat given by Ψ(x)=(2-(x2+y2))exp(-(x2+y2)/2) Some synthetic images are shown in which it can be clearly seen how the wavelet transform can be useful to reveal edges and to emphasize the boundaries of the clusters. The technique is applied in the case of the CoMoS catalysts, in which the wavelet transform can be used to emphasize the hexagonal domains while filtering the noise quite effectively. The technique is next applied to electron backreflection patterns where substantial noise reduction and emphasis of the lines are achieved. Several examples of the application of this processing tool to high resolution images of metallic particles and to quasicrystals are presented

Butter from different species: composition and quality parameters of products commercialized in the south of Spain

Butter is an important product for the dairy industry due to its particular sensory attributes and nutritional value, while the variability of the composition of the fatty acids in the milk can alter the nutritional and physical properties of butter and its acceptance by consumers. Butter is highly appreciated for its distinctive flavor and aroma; however, one of its main drawbacks lies in the difficulty in spreading it at low temperatures. Several types of butter that are present in the market were used in this study. We assessed the variability in the composition of the samples regarding their texture, color properties, and volatile organic compound profiles. We analyzed samples commercially produced from sheep’s milk (SB), goat’s milk (GB), and cow’s milk (CB); samples from the latter species with (CSB) and without salt (CB); and the low-fat (CLB) version. All the physicochemical composition parameters were significantly affected by the effect of the type of butter, although only 29 out of the 45 fatty acids examined were identified in the butter samples analyzed. The textural properties of the butters were influenced by both their solid fat content and the fatty acid profile. In addition, the origin of the milk not only affected the texture parameters but also the color of the butters and the compounds associated with traits such as odor and flavor. Through the multivariate data analysis of butter fatty acids and volatile compound percentages, we observed a clear differentiation of the samples based on the species of origin

Study on the antioxidant and antitumoral activity of propolis

Introducción: El propóleo es la sustancia que protege a la colmena, es una resina de composición compleja y viscosa que las abejas utilizan en la reparación y protección de la colmena. El material del que procede el propóleo son las resinas, brotes y pecíolos de las hojas de diferentes vegetales, por ello presenta una composición química muy compleja que varía en función de la flora de recolección de las abejas. Posee capacidad antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria que está relacionada con su poder antioxidante, inmunomoduladora, entre otras. Objetivos: En este trabajo se estudian las actividades antioxidantes y antitumorales de propóleos de distintas zonas de la provincia de Málaga comparándolos con uno de la región de Bohemia al sur de la República Checa. Material y métodos: La actividad antioxidante se evaluó según el método ABTS+/S2 O8 K2 . Además se estimó la cantidad de proteínas totales a partir del contenido de nitrógeno y posteriormente se determinó la citotoxicidad y actividad antitumoral del propóleo del Puerto de la Torre, al norte de Málaga, según el método del bromuro de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetrazolio. Resultados: Se observó que el propóleo presenta una elevada actividad antioxidante, aunque tiene una menor cantidad de proteínas. El propóleo presenta elevada toxicidad y mayor actividad antitumoral frente al cáncer de colon que al de leucemia. Conclusión: Con todos estos datos obtenidos se puede concluir que el propóleo presenta diferentes actividades de interés para la industria alimentaria o cosmética, entre las que destaca su elevado poder antioxidante y su capacidad como antitumoral.Introduction: Propolis is the substance that protects the hive, a resin of complex and viscous composition bees use in the repair and protection of the hive. The material from which propolis arises are the resins, shoots and petioles of the leaves of different plants, so it has a very complex chemical composition that varies depending on the flora of the bees collection. It offers an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory capacity related to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory power, among others. Aims: In this work, antioxidant and antitumoral activities of different propolis collected from different areas of the province of Malaga, comparing them with one from the Bohemian region to the south of the Czech Republic are studied. Material and methods: Antioxidant activity was determined according to the ABTS+/S2 O8 K2 method. In addition, the quantity of total proteins from the nitrogen content and subsequently the cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity of the propolis of Puerto de la Torre, north of Malaga, are measured according to the 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. Results: It was observed that propolis has high antioxidant activity, although it has a lower amount of proteins. Propolis has high toxicity and higher antitumoral activity against colon cancer than leukemia. Discussion: With all these data, it can be concluded that propolis offers different activities of interest, for the food and cosmetic industry, among which the high antioxidant and antitumoral capacity

Estudio de la actividad antioxidante y antitumoral del propóleo

Introduction: Propolis is the substance that protects the hive, a resin of complex and viscous composition bees use in the repair and protection of the hive. The material from which propolis arises are the resins, shoots and petioles of the leaves of different plants, so it has a very complex chemical composition that varies depending on the flora of the bees collection. It offers an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory capacity related to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory power, among others. Aims: In this work, antioxidant and antitumoral activities of different propolis collected from different areas of the province of Malaga, comparing them with one from the Bohemian region to the south of the Czech Republic are studied. Material and methods: Antioxidant activity was determined according to the ABTS+/S2O8K2 method. In addition, the quantity of total proteins from the nitrogen content and subsequently the cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity of the propolis of Puerto de la Torre, north of Malaga, are measured according to the 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. Results: It was observed that propolis has high antioxidant activity, although it has a lower amount of proteins. Propolis has high toxicity and higher antitumoral activity against colon cancer than leukemia. Discussion: With all these data, it can be concluded that propolis offers different activities of interest, for the food and cosmetic industry, among which the high antioxidant and antitumoral capacity.Introducción: El propóleo es la sustancia que protege a la colmena, es una resina de composición compleja y viscosa que las abejas utilizan en la reparación y protección de la colmena. El material del que procede el propóleo son las resinas, brotes y pecíolos de las hojas de diferentes vegetales, por ello presenta una composición química muy compleja que varía en función de la flora de recolección de las abejas. Posee capacidad antimicrobiana, antiinflamatoria que está relacionada con su poder antioxidante, inmunomoduladora, entre otras. Objetivos: En este trabajo se estudian las actividades antioxidantes y antitumorales de propóleos de distintas zonas de la provincia de Málaga comparándolos con uno de la región de Bohemia al sur de la República Checa. Material y métodos: La actividad antioxidante se evaluó según el método ABTS+/S2O8K2. Además se estimó la cantidad de proteínas totales a partir del contenido de nitrógeno y posteriormente se determinó la citotoxicidad y actividad antitumoral del propóleo del Puerto de la Torre, al norte de Málaga, según el método del bromuro de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetrazolio. Resultados: Se observó que el propóleo presenta una elevada actividad antioxidante, aunque tiene una menor cantidad de proteínas. El propóleo presenta elevada toxicidad y mayor actividad antitumoral frente al cáncer de colon que al de leucemia. Conclusión: Con todos estos datos obtenidos se puede concluir que el propóleo presenta diferentes actividades de interés para la industria alimentaria o cosmética, entre las que destaca su elevado poder antioxidante y su capacidad como antitumoral

Eosinophilic esophagitis, celiac disease, and immunoglobulin E–mediated allergy in a 2-year-old child

This communication was presented at XXVI National Congress of SEAIC, Spanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Bilbao, Spain, 2008Celiac disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, and urticaria are 3 manifestations of food allergy with different pathogenic mechanisms. We report the case of a 2-year-old child with digestive symptoms, slow growth, and severe asthma. The results of skin prick tests were positive to several foods. Endoscopy revealed eosinophilic esophagitis and celiac disease. Treatment consisted of a gluten-free diet and a 1-month course of oral corticosteroids. Endoscopy and biopsy fi ndings were normal at 5 years of age. A gluten-free diet is the basis of treatment of celiac disease, but the role of an elimination diet in eosinophilic esophagitis is not well established. Our patient also developed urticaria when exposed to milk and egg. We present, to our knowledge, the fi rst report of a patient with celiac disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, and immediate-type immunoglobulin E–mediated food allergyEnfermedad celíaca, esofagitis eosinofílica y urticaria son tres manifestaciones clínicas de alergia a alimentos con diferente etiopatogénesis. Describimos el caso de una niña de 2 años de edad con síntomas digestivos, retraso del desarrollo póndero-estatural y asma persistente. Las pruebas cutáneas fueron positivas a varios alimentos. La endoscopia digestiva y biopsias mostraron signos de esofagitis eosinofílica y enfermedad celíaca. Realizó dieta exenta de gluten y de los alimentos a los que estaba sensibilizada y siguió tratamiento con corticoides orales un mes. A los 5 años de edad, la endoscopia digestiva alta y biopsias esofágicas fueron normales. Una dieta exenta de gluten es la base del tratamiento de la enfermedad celiaca. Sin embargo, el papel de las dietas de eliminación en la esofagitis eosinofílica no ha sido totalmente establecido. La paciente desarrolló además urticaria tras contacto con leche y huevo. Presentamos el primer caso de enfermedad celiaca, esofagitis eosinofi lica y alergia alimentaria mediada por IgE en el mismo pacient

Using CT Data to Improve the Quantitative Analysis of 18F-FBB PET Neuroimages

18F-FBB PET is a neuroimaging modality that is been increasingly used to assess brain amyloid deposits in potential patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this work, we analyze the usefulness of these data to distinguish between AD and non-AD patients. A dataset with 18F-FBB PET brain images from 94 subjects diagnosed with AD and other disorders was evaluated by means of multiple analyses based on t-test, ANOVA, Fisher Discriminant Analysis and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. In addition, we propose to calculate amyloid standardized uptake values (SUVs) using only gray-matter voxels, which can be estimated using Computed Tomography (CT) images. This approach allows assessing potential brain amyloid deposits along with the gray matter loss and takes advantage of the structural information provided by most of the scanners used for PET examination, which allow simultaneous PET and CT data acquisition. The results obtained in this work suggest that SUVs calculated according to the proposed method allow AD and non-AD subjects to be more accurately differentiated than using SUVs calculated with standard approaches.This work was supported by the MINECO/FEDER under the TEC2012-34306 and TEC2015-64718-R projects and the Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment of the Junta de Andalucía under the Excellence Project P11-TIC- 7103. The work was also supported by the Vicerectorate of Research and Knowledge Transfer of the University of Granada

Las simetrías del esgrafiado Segoviano: Frisos

A new perspective is proposed to assess the sgraffiti that cover the walls of many palaces and houses of the Segovia town, a World Heritage Site since 1985. The mathematical theory of symmetry classifies the friezes of the plane in 7 algebraic groups, called frieze groups. In this work, symmetries of numerous sgraffiti friezes in the town of Segovia have been analysed and classified, and all seven frieze groups have been found. Counting the samples of sgraffiti for each frieze group their frequency distribution has also been obtained. Knowledge of this distribution can help prioritize restoration of those sgraffiti belonging to less frequent symmetry groups, which are facing extinction.Se propone una nueva perspectiva para valorar el esgrafiado de la ciudad de Segovia, Patrimonio de la Humanidad desde 1985. La teoría matemática de la simetría clasifica los frisos del plano en 7 grupos algebraicos, denominados grupos de frisos. En este trabajo se han clasificado los frisos esgrafiados de la ciudad de Segovia según sus simetrías, y se han encontrado ejemplares de los 7 grupos existentes. También se ha estudiado la distribución de frecuencias, contabilizando el numero de fachadas que corresponden a cada grupo de frisos, lo que ha permitido conocer aquellos grupos que, por contener un escaso número de ejemplares, se encuentran en riesgo de desaparición

Influence of soil pH in the effects of ZnONPs on the antioxidant activities and Zn uptake in three plant species (T aestivum, R. sativus and Z. mays)

In recent years, the study of phytotoxicity of NPs has made rapid progress, but important issues remain to be solved, among them, the role of soil and the importance of the physicochemical soil characteristics for their toxicity and accumulation potential

A complex storm system in Saturn’s north polar atmosphere in 2018

Producción CientíficaSaturn’s convective storms usually fall in two categories. One consists of mid-sized storms ∼2,000 km wide, appearing as irregular bright cloud systems that evolve rapidly, on scales of a few days. The other includes the Great White Spots, planetary-scale giant storms ten times larger than the mid-sized ones, which disturb a full latitude band, enduring several months, and have been observed only seven times since 1876. Here we report a new intermediate type, observed in 2018 in the north polar region. Four large storms with east–west lengths ∼4,000–8,000 km (the first one lasting longer than 200 days) formed sequentially in close latitudes, experiencing mutual encounters and leading to zonal disturbances affecting a full latitude band ∼8,000 km wide, during at least eight months. Dynamical simulations indicate that each storm required energies around ten times larger than mid-sized storms but ∼100 times smaller than those necessary for a Great White Spot. This event occurred at about the same latitude and season as the Great White Spot in 1960, in close correspondence with the cycle of approximately 60 years hypothesized for equatorial Great White Spots.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project AYA2015-65041-P)Gobierno Vasco (project IT-366-19