The time response of anaerobic digestion microbiome during an organic loading rate shock.

Knowledge of connections between operational conditions, process stability, and microbial community dynamics is essential to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) process efficiency and management. In this study, the detailed temporal effects of a sudden glycerol-based organic overloading on the AD microbial community and process imbalance were investigated in two replicate anaerobic digesters by a time-intensive sampling scheme. The microbial community time response to the overloading event was shorter than the shifts of reactor performance parameters. An increase in bacterial community dynamics and in the abundances of several microbial taxa, mainly within the Firmicutes, Tenericutes, and Chloroflexi phyla and Methanoculleus genera, could be detected prior to any shift on the reactor operational parameters. Reactor acidification already started within the first 24 h of the shock and headed the AD process to total inhibition in 72 h alongside with the largest shifts on microbiome, mostly the increase of Anaerosinus sp. and hydrogenotrophic methanogenic Archaea. In sum, this work proved that AD microbial community reacts very quickly to an organic overloading and some shifts occur prior to alterations on the performance parameters. The latter is very interesting as it can be used to improve AD process management protocols.pre-print1710 K

Tres posibles casos de lepra en la Plaza del Castillo (Pamplona, Navarra)

X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200

Assessing the degradation of ochratoxin a using a bioassay : the case of contaminated winery wastewater

In vineyards the presence of certain fungi may lead to the production of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) and subsequent contamination of grapes and wine. Furthermore, winery wastewaters contaminated with OTA may represent an environmental hazard. Therefore it is imperative to assess the fate of this mycotoxin in conventional wastewater treatment systems. The aim of the present work in this context is to assess the biological degradation of OTA. Experimental work was carried out in batch experiments with initial OTA to biomass concentration ratios (S0/X0) of 1.4 μg mg-1, 7.4 μg mg-1 and 11.9 μg mg-1. The assays were inoculated with activated sludge biomass unadapted to the substance under examination. The proposed bioassay demonstrates that OTA concentrations up to 100 μg L-1 can be degraded by microbial activity in activated sludge

Treatment of low strength sewage with high suspended organic matter content in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor and modeling application

In this work, an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was operated for 8 months to treat low strength sewage with high suspended organic matter content. Three phases of operation with increasing organic loading rates (OLR) were performed: 0.4 kg COD/m3 x d (phase I), 0 .8 kg COD/m3 x d (phase II) and 1.2 kg COD/m3 x d (phase III). Adequate stability parameters (pH, total alkalinity) were obtained through all three experimental phases. During phases I and II, the removal efficiencies of organic matter (expressed as total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids ranged between 50-60%. However, these values decreased to 15-25% in phase III. In addition, a non-complex model, including hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis, was applied to predict the reactor behavior

Un caso de ajusticiamiento en Pompelo

En el desarrollo de la intervención arqueológica realizada en la plaza del Castillo Pamplona) se identificó una fosa correspondiente a una inhumación múltiple sincrónica, como consecuencia de un ajusticiamiento. Contenía los esqueletos de cinco hombres adultos,arrojados al interior de la sepultura sin respetar las pautas habituales de los rituales funerarios. Uno de ellos presentaba los brazos en una posición muy forzada, a causa de llevar las manos atadas a la espalda. La cronología, obtenida a partir de una datación absoluta por AMS ha fechado la inhumación en un arco cronológico situado entre los siglos II y IV.------------In the development of the archaeological intervention carried out in the plaza del Castillo (Pamplona) a grave corresponding to a multiple synchronous burial was identified, as a result of an execution. The grave contained the skeletons of five adult men, thrown into the interior of the burial without respecting the standard of funeral rituals. One of them presented the arms in a very forced position, because of carry their hands tied behind his back. The chronology, obtained from an AMS radiocarbon dating, has dated the burial in a chronological arc situated between the II and IV centuries

La cerámica de estilo Cogotas I y los ciclos culturales en las postrimerías de la Edad del Bronce en Navarra

En el presente artículo se analizan los yacimientos conocidos en Navarra con cerámica decorada de estilo Cogotas I, situándolos en su contexto cronológico y cultural. Se analiza la división del territorio en dos grupos con importantes diferencias culturales

Influence of operating parameters on the biodegradation of steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds during biological wastewater treatment processes

This document is the unedited author's version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in Environmental Science & Technology, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es901612v.This study investigated operational factors influencing the removal of steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds in two sewage treatment works, one a nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge plant and the other a nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge plant with phosphorus removal. Removal efficiencies of >90% for steroid estrogens and for longer chain nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP4−12EO) were observed at both works, which had equal sludge ages of 13 days. However, the biological activity in terms of milligrams of estrogen removed per day per tonne of biomass was found to be 50−60% more efficient in the nitrifying/denitrifying activated sludge works compared to the works which additionally incorporated phosphorus removal. A temperature reduction of 6 °C had no impact on the removal of free estrogens, but removal of the conjugated estrone-3-sulfate was reduced by 20%. The apparent biomass sorption (LogKp) values were greater in the nitrifying/denitrifying works than those in the nitrifying/denitrifying works with phosphorus removal for both steroid estrogens and nonylphenolic compounds possibly indicating a different cell surface structure and therefore microbial population. The difference in biological activity (mg tonne−1 d−1) identified in this study, of up to seven times, suggests that there is the potential for enhancing the removal of estrogens and nonylphenols if more detailed knowledge of the factors responsible for these differences can be identified and maximized, thus potentially improving the quality of receiving waters.Public Utilities Board (Singapore), Anglian Water Ltd, Severn Trent Water Ltd, Thames Water Utilities Ltd, United Utilities 393 Plc and Yorkshire Water Services

The complete mitochondrial genome of the broad-winged damselfly <i>Mnais costalis</i> Selys (Odonata: Calopterygidae) obtained by next-generation sequencing

<p>We used next-generation sequencing to characterise the complete mitochondrial genome of the damselfly <i>Mnais costalis</i> (Odonata, Calopterygidae). Illumina paired end reads were mapped against COI and 16S sequences from <i>M. costalis</i> and then extended using an iterative <i>de novo</i> map procedure. The final assembly was a contiguous sequence of 15,487 bp, which contained all standard mitochondrial coding regions and the putative A+T rich region. The gene configuration of the <i>M. costalis</i> mitogenome is similar to that of other odonates, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, large and small rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes. We found three intergenic spacers that are also present in all available whole odonate mitogenomes. Base composition of the <i>M. costalis</i> mitogenome is 40% (A), 20% (C), 14% (G) and 26% (T), with a high A+T content (66%). The characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome of <i>M. costalis</i> adds to the growing list of mitogenomes currently available for odonates, and will help to improve primer design for future population genetic studies. A phylogenetic analysis including the currently available mitochondrial genome sequences of odonates suggests that <i>Epiophlebia superstes</i> is more closely related to the Zygoptera than to the Anisoptera.</p

Perspectives in anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich wastewater

Lipid-rich wastewaters are ideal sources for methane production, but lipids are generally separated and removed prior to anaerobic treatment to avoid sludge flotation and microbial inhibition. In this work, we review the major technological and microbiological advances in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of lipids, while highlighting the most important breakthroughs in the field and identifying the future perspectives. In the past decades, several treatment processes have been developed for lipidrich wastewaters, moving from the upflow granular sludge based reactor designs to anaerobic membrane bioreactors and in situ flotation based bioreactors all now commercially available. Knowledge on the complexity of microbial communities and microbial interactions has increased greatly, allowing a better interpretation of lipids anaerobic biodegradation. However, there are still knowledge gaps and bottlenecks in lipids AD that need to be overcome to improve industrial applications. A multi-faceted approach with industrial and academic partners will provide a unique strategy for future widespread usage of waste-lipids as valuable resource for AD.The authors acknowledge the funding from EPA Research (Ireland), the Irish Dairy Processing Technology Centre, The Irish Research Council (EBPS2012) and the Microbiology Society; the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684), of Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462), POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (UID/CTM/50011/2013), and by BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 323009 and the funding of ANII-Uruguay, UNESCO-IHE and LATU (Uruguay).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio