Class-Weighted Convolutional Features for Visual Instance Search

Image retrieval in realistic scenarios targets large dynamic datasets of unlabeled images. In these cases, training or fine-tuning a model every time new images are added to the database is neither efficient nor scalable. Convolutional neural networks trained for image classification over large datasets have been proven effective feature extractors for image retrieval. The most successful approaches are based on encoding the activations of convolutional layers, as they convey the image spatial information. In this paper, we go beyond this spatial information and propose a local-aware encoding of convolutional features based on semantic information predicted in the target image. To this end, we obtain the most discriminative regions of an image using Class Activation Maps (CAMs). CAMs are based on the knowledge contained in the network and therefore, our approach, has the additional advantage of not requiring external information. In addition, we use CAMs to generate object proposals during an unsupervised re-ranking stage after a first fast search. Our experiments on two public available datasets for instance retrieval, Oxford5k and Paris6k, demonstrate the competitiveness of our approach outperforming the current state-of-the-art when using off-the-shelf models trained on ImageNet. The source code and model used in this paper are publicly available at http://imatge-upc.github.io/retrieval-2017-cam/.Comment: To appear in the British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), September 201

Powering AGNs with super-critical black holes

We propose a novel mechanism for powering the central engines of Active Galactic Nuclei through super-critical (type II) black hole collapse. In this picture, ~$10^3 M_\odot$ of material collapsing at relativistic speeds can trigger a gravitational shock, which can eject a large percentage of the collapsing matter at relativistic speeds, leaving behind a "light" black hole. In the presence of a poloidal magnetic field, the plasma collimates along two jets, and the associated electron synchrotron radiation can easily account for the observed radio luminosities, sizes and durations of AGN jets. For Lorentz factors of order 100 and magnetic fields of a few hundred $\mu G$, synchrotron electrons can shine for $10^6$ yrs, producing jets of sizes of order 100 kpc. This mechanism may also be relevant for Gamma Ray Bursts and, in the absence of magnetic field, supernova explosions.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Pharmacotherapy in paediatric epilepsy: from trial and error to rational drug and dose selection – a long way to go

Whereas ongoing efforts in epilepsy research focus on the underlying disease processes, the lack of a physiologically-based rationale for drug and dose selection contributes to inadequate treatment response in children. In fact, limited information on the interindividual variation in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) in children drive prescription practice, which relies primarily on dose regimens according to a mg/kg basis. Such practice has evolved despite advancements in paediatric pharmacology showing that growth and maturation processes do not correlate linearly with changes in body size. Areas covered: In this review we aim to provide 1) a comprehensive overview of the sources of variability in the response to AEDs, 2) insight into novel methodologies to characterise such variation and 3) recommendations for treatment personalisation. Expert Opinion: The use of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic principles in clinical practice is hindered by the lack of biomarkers and by practical constraints in the evaluation of polytherapy. The identification of biomarkers and their validation as tools for drug development and therapeutics will require some time. Meanwhile, one should not miss the opportunity to integrate the available pharmacokinetic data with modelling and simulation concepts to prevent further delays in the development of personalised treatments for paediatric patients

OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF GAMMA-RAY BLAZAR CANDIDATES. VI. FURTHER OBSERVATIONS FROM TNG, WHT, OAN, SOAR, AND MAGELLAN TELESCOPES

Indexación: Web of ScienceBlazars, one of the most extreme classes of active galaxies, constitute so far the largest known population of.-ray sources, and their number is continuously growing in the Fermi catalogs. However, in the latest release of the Fermi catalog there is still a large fraction of sources that are classified as blazar candidates of uncertain type (BCUs) for which optical spectroscopic observations are necessary to confirm their nature and their associations. In addition, about one-third of the gamma-ray point sources listed in the Third Fermi-LAT Source Catalog (3FGL) are still unassociated and lacking an assigned lower-energy counterpart. Since 2012 we have been carrying out an optical spectroscopic campaign to observe blazar candidates to confirm their nature. In this paper, the sixth of the series, we present optical spectroscopic observations for 30 gamma-ray blazar candidates from different observing programs we carried out with the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, William Herschel Telescope, Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, and Magellan. Telescopes. We found that 21 out of 30 sources investigated are BL Lac objects, while the remaining targets are classified as flat-spectrum radio quasars showing the typical broad emission lines of normal quasi-stellar objects. We conclude that our selection of gamma-ray blazar. candidates based on their multifrequency properties continues to be a successful way to discover potential low-energy counterparts of the Fermi. unidentified gamma-ray sources and to confirm the nature of BCUs.http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/0004-6256/151/4/95/met

Hybrid Catalysts Comprised of Graphene Modified with Rhodium-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for Alkyne Hydrosilylation

Thermally partially reduced graphene oxide has been covalently modified with 3-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3-triazolium salts making use of the epoxy functionalities on the carbon nanomaterial. Characterization of the functionalized materials through adequate solid characterization techniques, particularly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), allows one to follow the stepwise building up of the triazolium fragments on the graphene oxide attached to the wall via covalent C-N linkage. The hydroxyl-triazolium-functionalized materials have been used to prepare rhodium hybrid materials containing either alkoxo or triazolylidene molecular rhodium(I) complexes depending on the protection of the hydroxyl groups present in the material. Characterization of the heterogeneous systems, especially by means of XPS and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, has evidenced the coordination sphere of the supported rhodium(I) complexes in both rhodium hybrid materials. The graphene-oxide-supported rhodium triazolylidene hybrid catalysts show excellent activity, comparable to that of the homogeneous [RhI(cod)(Triaz)] (Triaz = 1, 4-diphenyl-3-methyl-1, 2, 3-triazol-5-ylidene) catalyst, for the hydrosilylation of terminal and internal alkynes. In addition, these catalysts have shown good selectivity to the beta-(Z) vinylsilane isomers (for the not hindered terminal substrates) or syn-additions (for the internal substrates). In contrast to the rhodium(I)-alkoxo-based hybrid material, the silyl-protected rhodium(I)-triazolylidene-based hybrid catalyst can be reused in consecutive cycles without loss of activity maintaining the selectivity. The lack of leaching of active rhodium species demonstrates the strength of the C-N covalent bond of the triazolylidene linker to the graphitic wall

Errores de medicación en niños que acuden a los servicios de urgencias pediátricas

Errores de medicación; Servicios de urgencias; PediatríaMedication errors; Emergency departments; PediatricsErrors de medicació; Servei d'urgències; PediatriaObjectives: Medication safety represents an important challenge in children. There are limited studies on medication errors in pediatric patients visiting emergency departments. To help bridge this gap, we characterized the medication errors detected in these patients, determining their severity, the stages of the medication process in which they occurred, the drugs involved, and the types and causes associated with the errors. Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study in the pediatric emergency departments of 8 Spanish public hospitals over a 4-month period. Medication errors detected by emergency pediatricians in patients between 0 and 16 years of age were evaluated by a clinical pharmacist and a pediatrician. Each medication error was analyzed according to the updated Spanish Taxonomy of Medication Errors. Results: In 99,797 visits to pediatric emergency departments, 218 (0.2%) medication errors were detected, of which 74 (33.9%) resulted in harm (adverse drug events). Preschoolers were the age group with the most medication errors (126/218). Errors originated mainly in the prescribing stage (66.1%), and also by self-medication (16.5%) and due to wrong administration of the medication by family members (15.6%). Dosing errors (51.4%) and wrong/improper drugs (46.8%) were the most frequent error types. Anti-infective drugs (63.5%) were the most common drugs implicated in medication errors with harm. Underlying causes associated with a higher proportion of medication errors were "medication knowledge deficit" (63.8%), "deviation from procedures/guidelines" (48.6%) and "lack of patient information" (30.3%). Conclusions: Medication errors presented by children attending emergency departments arise from prescriptions, self-medicationand administration, and lead to patient harm in one third of cases. Developing effective interventions based on the types of errors and the underlying causes identified will improve patient safety.Objetivos La seguridad de medicamentos en pediatría supone un verdadero reto. Se dispone de escasos estudios que hayan analizado los errores de medicación en los pacientes pediátricos que acuden a los servicios de urgencias. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido caracterizar los errores detectados en estos pacientes, determinando su severidad, los procesos afectados, los medicamentos implicados, y los tipos de errores y causas asociados. Métodos Estudio multicéntrico observacional prospectivo realizado en los servicios de urgencias de 8 hospitales públicos españoles durante 4 meses. Los errores de medicación detectados por los pediatras de urgencias en pacientes entre 0 y 16 años fueron evaluados por un farmacéutico y un pediatra. Los errores de medicación fueron analizados utilizando la Taxonomía Española de Errores de Medicación actualizada. Resultados En 99.797 visitas a urgencias se detectaron 218 (0,2%) errores de medicación, de los cuales 74 (33,9%) causaron daños (eventos adversos por medicamentos). Los preescolares fueron el grupo poblacional con mayor número de errores de medicación (126/218). Los errores se originaron mayoritariamente en la prescripción (66,1%), por automedicación (16,5%) y por administración equivocada por parte de familiares (15,6%). Los tipos de errores más frecuentes fueron “dosis incorrectas” (51,4%) y “medicamento inapropiado” (46,8%). Los antiinfecciosos (63,5%) fueron los fármacos más comúnmente implicados en los errores con daño. Las causas subyacentes asociadas a una mayor proporción de errores de medicación fueron: “falta de conocimiento del medicamento” (63,8%), “falta de seguimiento de los procedimientos” (48,6%) y “falta de información del paciente” (30,3%). Conclusiones Los errores de medicación en la población pediátrica que acude a urgencias se producen en la prescripción, por automedicación y en la administración, provocando daños a los pacientes en un tercio de las ocasiones. Desarrollar prácticas seguras basadas en los tipos de errores detectados y sus causas subyacentes, mejorará la seguridad de los pacientes.This study has been carried out with the support of a grant provided by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacists for the period 2015–2016

Development of a Moderated Online Intervention to Treat Social Anxiety in First-Episode Psychosis.

Background: It is well established that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a significant clinical problem for individuals with a psychotic disorder. Comorbid social anxiety in individuals with psychosis has been associated with poorer premorbid functioning, increased depression, and a reduced quality of life. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is recommended for people with psychosis as a first-line psychological treatment; however, its focus and evaluation primarily revolves around reducing psychotic symptoms and not necessarily targeting comorbid social anxiety symptoms. We developed a novel online social cognitive behavioral intervention (entitled EMBRACE) specifically designed to treat social anxiety symptoms in first episode psychosis (FEP). Methods: The key clinical and engagement features of the intervention were established through integrating evidence-based material derived from 1) CBT-based treatment models for SAD, 2) relevant literature findings related to psychosis and its clinical correlates (e.g., shame, social rank, and its relationship with social anxiety and paranoia), 3) feedback from youth focus groups in order to inform a user-centered intervention design, and 4) a highly multidisciplinary collaborative development approach to design therapy comics. Results: A detailed description of the final version of the 12-week online social intervention to treat social anxiety in FEP is presented. Conclusion: The EMBRACE intervention was designed to provide young people with the necessary skills and confidence to overcome social anxiety within a supportive, safe online space. By design, it allows young people the opportunity to practice their newly learnt skills to connect with others and in doing so, learn to embrace their true authentic selves

Influencia de grelina y leptina sobre alteraciones psiquiátricas en sujetos con obesidad

La obesidad (índice de masa corporal [IMC] > 30 kg/m2) se define como el exceso en la proporción del tejido adiposo; consecuencia de un ingreso calórico superior al gasto energético del individuo. Es considerada un problema inflamatorio, sistémico, crónico y recurrente que causa diversas complicaciones. Esta enfermedad se ha relacionado con diversos problemas metabólicos y fisiológicos ampliamente estudiados; además de psicopatológicos.La obesidad es un problema de salud pública en diversos países, principalmente en Norteamérica. Se ha observado que sujetos que presentan obesidad manifiestan numerosas alteraciones psiquiátricas, entre ellas: depresión, ansiedad y trastorno por atracón. Por ello, diversos estudios han llegado a la conclusión de que las hormonas gastrointestinales fungen un papel crucial en el establecimiento de conductas, siendo la orexigénica grelina y la anorexigénica leptina 2 de las hormonas con mayor participación activa. Dicha intervención se debe a que ambas hormonas presentan receptores en sistema nervioso central, primordialmente en áreas del sistema límbico, regulador crucial de conductas hedónicas. Por lo tanto, en la presente revisión bibliográfica describiremos el papel de la grelina y la leptina sobre la expresión de conductas psicopatológicas comunes en sujetos que padecen obesidad

Dexmedetomidine Clearance Decreases with Increasing Drug Exposure:Implications for Current Dosing Regimens and Target-controlled Infusion Models Assuming Linear Pharmacokinetics

Background: Numerous pharmacokinetic models have been published aiming at more accurate and safer dosing of dexmedetomidine. The vast majority of the developed models underpredict the measured plasma concentrations with respect to the target concentration, especially at plasma concentrations higher than those used in the original studies. The aim of this article was to develop a dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetic model in healthy adults emphasizing linear versus nonlinear kinetics. Methods: The data of two previously published clinical trials with stepwise increasing dexmedetomidine target-controlled infusion were pooled to build a pharmacokinetic model using the NONMEM software package (ICON Development Solutions, USA). Data from 48 healthy subjects, included in a stratified manner, were utilized to build the model. Results: A three-compartment mamillary model with nonlinear elimination from the central compartment was superior to a model assuming linear pharmacokinetics. Covariates included in the final model were age, sex, and total body weight. Cardiac output did not explain between-subject or within-subject variability in dexmedetomidine clearance. The results of a simulation study based on the final model showed that at concentrations up to 2 ng center dot ml(-1), the predicted dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations were similar between the currently available Hannivoort model assuming linear pharmacokinetics and the nonlinear model developed in this study. At higher simulated plasma concentrations, exposure increased nonlinearly with target concentration due to the decreasing dexmedetomidine clearance with increasing plasma concentrations. Simulations also show that currently approved dosing regimens in the intensive care unit may potentially lead to higher-than-expected dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations. Conclusions: This study developed a nonlinear three-compartment pharmacokinetic model that accurately described dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations. Dexmedetomidine may be safely administered up to target-controlled infusion targets under 2 ng center dot ml(-1) using the Hannivoort model, which assumed linear pharmacokinetics. Consideration should be taken during long-term administration and during an initial loading dose when following the dosing strategies of the current guidelines

Early sustained recovery following first episode psychosis:Evidence from the AESOP10 follow-up study

Objective: To describe the characteristics of individuals with early sustained recovery following first episode psychosis. Methods: Individuals with a first episode psychosis were followed-up for ten years. Comparisons were made between those with Early Sustained Recovery and those with Other Course types. Results: Of 345 individuals, n=43 (12.5%) had Early Sustained Recovery. They were more likely than those with Other Course types to be female (OR=2.45; 95% CI: 1.25-4.81); employed (OR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.22-4.69); in a relationship (OR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.35-5.32); have a short DUP (OR=2.86; 95% CI: 1.37-5.88); and have a diagnosis other than schizophrenia, particularly mania (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 2.52-16.18) or brief psychosis (OR=3.64; 95% CI: 1.10-12.10). Conclusions: Sustained recovery from first episode psychosis occurs in a minority. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved