5,202 research outputs found
Detection of DNA and Poly-L-Lysine using CVD Graphene-channel FET Biosensors
A graphene channel field-effect biosensor is demonstrated for detecting the
binding of double-stranded DNA and poly-l-lysine. Sensors consist of CVD
graphene transferred using a clean, etchant-free transfer method. The presence
of DNA and poly-l-lysine are detected by the conductance change of the graphene
transistor. A readily measured shift in the Dirac Voltage (the voltage at which
the graphenes resistance peaks) is observed after the graphene channel is
exposed to solutions containing DNA or poly-l-lysine. The Dirac voltage shift
is attributed to the binding/unbinding of charged molecules on the graphene
surface. The polarity of the response changes to positive direction with
poly-l-lysine and negative direction with DNA. This response results in
detection limits of 8 pM for 48.5 kbp DNA and 11 pM for poly-l-lysine. The
biosensors are easy to fabricate, reusable and are promising as sensors of a
wide variety of charged biomolecule
Low-power photothermal self-oscillation of bimetallic nanowires
We investigate the nonlinear mechanics of a bimetallic, optically absorbing
SiN-Nb nanowire in the presence of incident laser light and a reflecting Si
mirror. Situated in a standing wave of optical intensity and subject to
photothermal forces, the nanowire undergoes self-induced oscillations at low
incident light thresholds of due to engineered strong
temperature-position (-) coupling. Along with inducing self-oscillation,
laser light causes large changes to the mechanical resonant frequency
and equilibrium position that cannot be neglected. We present
experimental results and a theoretical model for the motion under laser
illumination. In the model, we solve the governing nonlinear differential
equations by perturbative means to show that self-oscillation amplitude is set
by the competing effects of direct - coupling and parametric
excitation due to - coupling. We then study the linearized
equations of motion to show that the optimal thermal time constant for
photothermal feedback is rather than the widely reported
. Lastly, we demonstrate photothermal quality factor ()
enhancement of driven motion as a means to counteract air damping.
Understanding photothermal effects on micromechanical devices, as well as
nonlinear aspects of optics-based motion detection, can enable new device
applications as oscillators or other electronic elements with smaller device
footprints and less stringent ambient vacuum requirements.Comment: New references adde
The Chrono-geometrical Structure of Special and General Relativity: a Re-Visitation of Canonical Geometrodynamics
A modern re-visitation of the consequences of the lack of an intrinsic notion
of instantaneous 3-space in relativistic theories leads to a reformulation of
their kinematical basis emphasizing the role of non-inertial frames centered on
an arbitrary accelerated observer. In special relativity the exigence of
predictability implies the adoption of the 3+1 point of view, which leads to a
well posed initial value problem for field equations in a framework where the
change of the convention of synchronization of distant clocks is realized by
means of a gauge transformation. This point of view is also at the heart of the
canonical approach to metric and tetrad gravity in globally hyperbolic
asymptotically flat space-times, where the use of Shanmugadhasan canonical
transformations allows the separation of the physical degrees of freedom of the
gravitational field (the tidal effects) from the arbitrary gauge variables.
Since a global vision of the equivalence principle implies that only global
non-inertial frames can exist in general relativity, the gauge variables are
naturally interpreted as generalized relativistic inertial effects, which have
to be fixed to get a deterministic evolution in a given non-inertial frame. As
a consequence, in each Einstein's space-time in this class the whole
chrono-geometrical structure, including also the clock synchronization
convention, is dynamically determined and a new approach to the Hole Argument
leads to the conclusion that "gravitational field" and "space-time" are two
faces of the same entity. This view allows to get a classical scenario for the
unification of the four interactions in a scheme suited to the description of
the solar system or our galaxy with a deperametrization to special relativity
and the subsequent possibility to take the non-relativistic limit.Comment: 33 pages, Lectures given at the 42nd Karpacz Winter School of
Theoretical Physics, "Current Mathematical Topics in Gravitation and
Cosmology", Ladek, Poland, 6-11 February 200
ESTUDIO DEL COMPORTAMIENTO ESTRUCTURAL DE LOSAS MACIZAS DE CONCRETO REFORZADO PARA VIVIENDA
A partir de resultados analíticos de ejemplos ilustrativos y del reporte de características observadas, quedó demostradoque las losas macizas de concreto reforzado para vivienda no son diseñadas ni construidas adecuadamente en el ámbitode la zona de estudio, lo que explica los altos porcentajes de fallas observadas en servicio. Fue calculado el índice deconfiabilidad en seis viviendas representativas al considerar tres posibles escenarios de la corrosión del acero de refuerzo,con lo que se mostró un alto riesgo de falla o cuantiosas inversiones en mantenimiento. Se concluyó que para el correctodiseño de las losas deberá no sólo revisarse la resistencia a flexión sino principalmente controlar las deformacionesverticales, el agrietamiento por contracción y la permeabilidad, lo cual implica especificar un concreto denso y durable.Se presentan recomendaciones específicas
Evanescent field optical readout of graphene mechanical motion at room temperature
Graphene mechanical resonators have recently attracted considerable attention
for use in precision force and mass sensing applications. To date, readout of
their oscillatory motion has typically required cryogenic conditions to achieve
high sensitivity, restricting their range of applications. Here we report the
first demonstration of evanescent optical readout of graphene motion, using a
scheme which does not require cryogenic conditions and exhibits enhanced
sensitivity and bandwidth at room temperature. We utilise a high
microsphere to enable evanescent readout of a 70 m diameter graphene drum
resonator with a signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 25 dB, corresponding to
a transduction sensitivity of 2.6 m
. The sensitivity of force measurements using this
resonator is limited by the thermal noise driving the resonator, corresponding
to a force sensitivity of N
with a bandwidth of 35 kHz at room temperature (T = 300
K). Measurements on a 30 m graphene drum had sufficient sensitivity to
resolve the lowest three thermally driven mechanical resonances.Comment: Fixed formatting errors in bibliograph
Structure of smectic defect cores: an X-ray study of 8CB liquid crystal ultra-thin films
We study the structure of very thin liquid crystal films frustrated by
antagonistic anchorings in the smectic phase. In a cylindrical geometry, the
structure is dominated by the defects for film thicknesses smaller than 150 nm
and the detailed topology of the defects cores can be revealed by x-ray
diffraction. They appear to be split in half tube-shaped Rotating Grain
Boundaries (RGB). We determine the RGB spatial extension and evaluate its
energy per unit line. Both are significantly larger than the ones usually
proposed in the literatureComment: 4 page
A Pragmatic analysis of emotion-triggering strategies in TED talks
[EN] TED talks are a relatively new genre, in which experts in different fields share their knowledge, ideas and experiences to large audiences. The talks are broadcasted worldwide, thus reaching international and intercultural spectators. Although public spoken language has been extensively studied in literature, TED talks present a new field of study, and are considered as a hybrid genre. It has been argued that, although similar in some ways, they differ from other oral discourse types, such as university lectures, in many aspects, such as the epistemic stance, the presentation of ideas, or the macro-discourse markers used (Caliendo and Compagnone, 2014). The utilization of emotion for triggering audience response is the foundation of the present study, aimed at examining the way speakers use emotions to involve spectators in their monologues, and exploring other strategies exploited to spark feedback, so that the most successful ones can be identified. The paper discusses the analysis of 120 TED talks from two different topics, business and education, taking a basic list of emotion words as a starting point, to continue examining how these emotion words and audiences intermingle by looking into laughter and applause, as the two identified forms of feedback. Results indicate that no significant differences can be found in the two subcorpora analyzed in terms of emotion words, the use of multiple humor strategies, and the acknowledgment of multicultural audiences on the side of the speakers.Mestre-Mestre, EM.; Pérez-Cabello De Alba, MB. (2022). A Pragmatic analysis of emotion-triggering strategies in TED talks. Circulo de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion. (92):257-271. https://doi.org/10.5209/clac.7799625727192Abelin, Åsa and Allwood, Jens. 2000. Cross Linguistic Interpretation of Emotional Prosody. In Proceedings ISCA w/s Speech and Emotion. Newcastle, Northern Ireland, 110–113.Alba-Juez, Laura and J. Lachlan Mackenzie. 2019a. Emotion processes in discourse in J.L. Mackenzie and L. Alba-Juez (eds.) Emotion processes in discourse, 3-26. John Benjamins Publishing Company. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.302.01albAlba-Juez, Laura and J. Lachlan Mackenzie. 2019b. Emotion, lies, and “bullshit” in journalistic discourse: The case of fake news. Iberica 38: 17-50Albalat-Mascarell, Ana and Carrió-Pastor, María Luisa. 2019. Self-Representation in Political Campaign. Journal of Pragmatics, 147. 86-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.05.011Anthony, Laurence. 2017. AntConc (3.5.8) [MAC–OS]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University. Available from https://www.laurenceanthony.net/softwareBellés– Fortuño, Begoña. 2008. Discourse Makers within the University Lecture Genre: a contrastive study between Spanish and North American Lectures (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Universitat Jaume I, Castellón.Bhatia, Vijay Kumar. 2012. Critical reflections on genre analysis. Iberica, 24. 17–28.Biber, Douglas. 2009. Corpus-Based and Corpus-driven Analyses of Language Variation and Use. In Heine, B. and H. Narrog. The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199544004.013.0008Caliendo, Giuditta and Compagnone, Antonio. 2014. Expressing epistemic stance in University lectures and TED talks: a contrastive corpus–based analysis. Lingue Linguaggi. 11(11). 105–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1285/i22390359v11p105Compagnone, Antonio. 2015. The reconceptualization of academic discourse as a professional practice in the digital age: A critical genre analysis of TED Talks. Hermes (Denmark), (54). 49–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v27i54.22947Compagnone, Antonio. 2017. The pragmatics of Spoken Academic discourse in the Framework of Ted Talks: A case Study. Utrecht studies in language and Communication. 29.Culpeper, Jonathan. 2011. Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.1.2.06silDerks, Daantje, Fischer, Agneta H. and Bos, Arjan E.R. 2008. The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication: A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 766–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.04.004Drasovean, Anda and Tagg, Caroline. 2015. Evaluative language and its solidarity-bilding role on TED.com: An appraisal and corpus analysis. Language@Internet, 12, 1. urn:nbn:de:0009-7-42341Dudley–Evans, Tony and St. John, Maggie J. 1998. Developments in English for specific purposes: A multi–disciplinary approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Duwila, Shanty and Probowati, Yeni. 2021. Personal Metadiscourse Features on TED Talks by British Speakers. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2020), 520–526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210427.079Dynel, Marta. 2009. Pragmatics and Discourse. A Resource Book for Students, 2nd Edition. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(5), 1074–1078. DOI:10.1016/j.pragma.2008.12.011Dynel, Marta. 2011. Pragmatics and linguistic research into humour, in M. Dynel (ed.) The Pragmatics of Humour across Discourse Domains. Pragmatics and Beyond New Series. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.210Dynel, Marta. 2016. Comparing and combining covert and overt untruthfulness: on lying, deception, irony and metaphor. Pragmatics and Cognition. 23(1). 174–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.23.1.08dynFlowerdew, John and Miller, Lindsay. 1997. The teaching of academic listening comprehension and the question of authenticity. English for specific purposes. 16(1). 27–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-4906(96)00030-0Giménez–Moreno, Rosa. 2012. The interdependence of repetition and relevance in university lectures. Journal of Pragmatics, 44(6–7), 744–755. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.02.013Goffman, Erving. 1981. Footing. In Goffman, E. (ed.), Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 124–159.Holmes, Janet. 2000. Politeness, power and provocation: how humor functions in the workplace. Discourse Studies 2 (2). 159–185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445600002002002HUMAINE. 2008. Emotion Annotation and Representation Language. Emotion-research.net. Archived from the original.Jenkins, Jennifer. 2000. The Phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Jenkins, Jennifer. 2015. Repositioning English and multilingualism in English as a Lingua Franca. Englishes in Practice, 2 (3), 49-85. DOI:10.1515/eip-2015-0003Kecskes, Istvan. 2004. Lexical merging, conceptual blending and cultural crossing. Intercultural Pragmatics. 1(1). 1–21. DOI:10.1515/iprg.2004.005Kecskes, Istvan. 2010. The paradox of communication: A socio–cognitive approach. Pragmatics and Society 1(1). 50–73. DOI:10.1075/ps.1.1.04kecKecskes, Istvan. 2013. Intercultural Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Kecskes, Istvan. 2016. “Can Intercultural Pragmatics Bring Some New Insight into Pragmatic Theories?”. In: Mey J. and A. Capone (eds.), Interdisciplinary studies in pragmatics, culture and society, Cham: Springer. 43–69. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-12616-6_3Kecskes, Istvan. 2015. Intercultural impoliteness. Journal of Pragmatics, 86, 43–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.05.023Khuwaileh, Abdullah. 1999. The role of chunks, phrases and body language in understanding co–ordinated academic lectures. System. 27(2). 249–260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346–251X(99)00019–6Langlotz, Andreas and Locher, Miriam A. 2013. The role of emotions in relational work. Journal of Pragmatics, 58, 87–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.05.014Lim, Nangyeon. 2016. Cultural differences in emotion: differences in emotional arousal level between the East and the West. Integrative Medicine Research, 5(2). 105–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2016.03.004Liu, Chen Yu and Chen, Howard Hao Jan. 2019. Academic Spoken Vocabulary in TED Talks: Implications for Academic Listening. English Teaching and Learning, 43(4), 353–368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-019-00033-2Liu, Zhe, Xu, Anbang., Zhang, Mengdi, Mahmud, Jalal, and Sinha Vibha. 2017. Fostering User Engagement: Rhetorical Devices for Applause Generation Learnt from TED Talks. Proceedings of the Eleventh International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. Palo Alto, California: The AAAI Press.Locher, Miriam A. and Langlotz, Andreas. 2008. “Relational work: At the intersection of cognition, interaction and emotion”. Bulletin Suisse de Linguistique Appliquée. 88. 165–191. DOI: 10.5451/unibas-ep8791Ludewig, Julia. 2017. TED Talks as an Emergent Genre. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture. 19 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2946Mestre-Mestre, Eva María. 2020. Showing emotion in academic discourse. A pragmatic analysis in ML Carrió-Pastor (Ed.) Corpus Analysis in Different Genres. Academic Discourse and Learner Corpora. New York, NY: Routledge.Nesi, Hilary. 2001. A corpus– based analysis of academic lectures across disciplines. In Cotterill, J. and Ife, A. (eds.): Language across boundaries. London: Continuum.Nesi, Hilary. 2012. Laughter in university lectures. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 11(2). 79–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2011.12.003Norrick, Neal. 1993. Conversational joking: humour in everyday talk. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. DOI: 10.1017/S004740450001808XNorrick, N. 2003. Issues in conversational joking. Journal of Pragmatics. 35. 1333–1359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00180-7Norrick, Neal. 2004. Non–verbal humor and joke performance. Humor 17: 401–409. DOI:10.1515/humr.2004.17.4.401Norrick, Neal. 2009. Humor in language. In Mey, J. L. (Ed.): Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics. 335–336.Nurmukhamedov, Ulugbek. 2017. Lexical coverage of TED talks: implications for vocabulary instruction. TESOL Journal, 8(4), 768–790. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.323Partington, Alan. 2006. The Linguistics of Laughter: A Corpus–assisted Study of Laughter–talk. Routledge, London.Pell, Marc. D., Paulmann, Silke, Dara, Chinar, Alasseri, Areej, and Kotz, Sonja. A. 2009. Factors in the recognition of vocally expressed emotions: A comparison of four languages. Journal of Phonetics, 37(4), 417–435. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2009.07.005Pinto, Alon. 2019. Variability in the formal and informal content instructors convey in lectures. Journal of Mathematical Behavior. 54. 100680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmathb.2018.11.001Poyatos, Fernando. 2002. Nonverbal Communication Across Disciplines. Volume II: Paralanguage, Kinesics, Silence, Personal and Environmental Interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI:10.1075/gest.6.2.11feySeidlhofer, Barbara. 2011. Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.2011.00305.xSproull, Lee, and Kiesler, Sara. 1986. Reducing social context cues: electronic mail in organization communication. Journal of Management Science, 32, 1492–1512. DOI:10.1287/mnsc.32.11.1492Taguchi, Naoko. and Ishihara, Noriko. 2018. The pragmatics of English as a lingua franca: Research and pedagogy in the era of globalization. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 38. 80–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190518000028Tognini–Bonelli, Elena. 2001. Corpus Linguistics at Work. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.6Tsai, Timothy J. 2015. Are you TED talk material? comparing prosody in professors and TED speakers. Interspeech-15. 2534-2538. DOI: doi: 10.21437/Interspeech.2015-546Uicheng, Kanokrat and Crabtree, Michael. 2018. Macro Discourse Markers in TED Talks: How Ideas are Signaled to Listeners. PASAA: Journal of Language Teaching and Learning in Thailand. (55). 1–31.Valeiras-Jurado, Julia, Ruiz-Madrid, María Noelia and Jacobs, Geert. 2018. Revisiting persuasion in oral academic and professional genres: Towards a methodological framework for multimodal discourse analysis of research dissemination talks. Iberica. (35). 93–118.Verschueren, Jef. 1999. Understanding Pragmatics. London: Edward Arnold / New York: Oxford University Press.Vincent Marrelli, Jocelyne. 2003. Truthfulness. In: Verschueren, J. Ӧstman, J.-O. Blommaert, J. and C. Bulcaen (eds.), Handbook of Pragmatics. John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia. 1–48.Vincent Marrelli, Jocelyne. 2004. Words in the Way of Truth. Truthfulness, Deception, Lying across Cultures and Disciplines. Napoli: Edizione Scientifiche Italiane.Virtanen, Tuija and Halmari, Helena. 2005. “Persuasion across genres: Emerging perspectives” in H. Halmari and T. Virtanen (eds.): Persuasion across genres. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 2–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.130Walther, Joseph B., Anderson, Jeffrey F. and Park, David . 1994. Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: a meta-analysis of social and anti-social communication. Communication Research, 21,460–487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009365092019001003Wanzer, Melissa Bekelja and Frymier, Ann Bainbridge. 1999. “The relationship between student perceptions of instructor humor and students’ reports of learning”. Communication Education. 48(1). 48-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03634529909379152Wanzer, Melissa Bekelja, Frymier, Ann Bainbridge, Wojtaszczyk, Ann M. and Smith, Tony. 2006. Appropriate and inappropriate uses of humor by teachers. Communication Education 55, 178––196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03634520600566132Wingrove, Peter. 2017. How suitable are TED talks for academic listening? Journal of English for Academic Purposes 30. 79-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2017.10.01
Aprendizaje de imágenes histológicas utilizando un microscopio virtual: metodología y opinión de los alumnos
El concepto de tejido es un constructo teorético muy útil para aprender a conocer las estructuras microscópicas del organismo y para diagnosticar, de forma objetiva, la mayoría de las lesiones, a través de imágenes histológicas (IH). Tradicionalmente, aprender a interpretar IH se basa en su observación repetitiva y monótona. Esto y la consideración de la Histología como una disciplina meramente descriptiva, ha determinado su escasa relevancia y su alto nivel de olvido para los alumnos, como ha sido puesto de relieve en varias publicaciones. Los recursos digitales han facilitado, de forma sustancial, el aprendizaje de la Histología, aunque todavía sigue basándose en la observación iterativa y monótona de IH. Para facilitar y mejorar dicho aprendizaje hemos creando y publicado una clasificación y sistematización de las IH. En este trabajo presentamos la combinación de la sistematización de las IH con el uso de un microscopio virtual accesible a todos los alumnos en cualquier lugar y momento (tablets, smartphones, ordenadores de mesa, portátiles, etc.). La evaluación de esta metodología, mediante una encuesta, pone de manifiesto su alto grado de aceptación por los alumnos y sus enormes posibilidades para un aprendizaje, a la vez, autónomo y colaborativo
Ordered interfaces for dual easy axes in liquid crystals
International audienceUsing nCB films adsorbed on MoS 2 substrates studied by x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, we demonstrate that ordered interfaces with well-defined orientations of adsorbed dipoles induce planar anchoring locked along the adsorbed dipoles or the alkyl chains, which play the role of easy axes. For two alternating orientations of the adsorbed dipoles or dipoles and alkyl chains, bi-stability of anchoring can be obtained. The results are explained using the introduction of fourth order terms in the phenomenological anchoring potential, leading to the demonstration of first order anchoring transition in these systems. Using this phenomenological anchoring potential, we finally show how the nature of anchoring in presence of dual easy axes (inducing bi-stability or average orientation between the two easy axes) can be related to the microscopical nature of the interface. Introduction Understanding the interactions between liquid crystal (LC) and a solid substrate is of clear applied interest, the vast majority of LC displays relying on control of interfaces. However this concerns also fundamental problems like wetting phenomena and all phenomena of orientation of soft matter bulk induced by the presence of an interface. In LCs at interfaces, the so-called easy axes correspond to the favoured orientations of the LC director close to the interface. If one easy axis only is defined for one given interface, the bulk director orients along or close to this axis [1]. It is well known that, in anchoring phenomena, two major effects compete to impose the anchoring directions of a liquid crystal, first, the interactions between molecules and the interface, second, the substrate roughness whose role has been analyzed by Berreman [2]. The influence of adsorbed molecular functional groups at the interface is most often dominant with, for example in carbon substrates, a main influence of unsaturated carbon bonds orientation at the interface [3]. In common LC displays, there is one unique easy axis, but modifications of surfaces have allowed for the discovery of promising new anchoring-related properties. For instance, the first anchoring bi-stability has been established on rough surfaces, associated with electric ordo-polarization [4] and the competition between a stabilizing short-range term and a destabilizing long-range term induced by an external field, can induce a continuous variation of anchoring orientation [5]. More recently, surfaces with several easy axes have been studied extensively. It has been shown that control of a continuous variation of director pretilt, obtained in several systems [6, 7], is associated with the presence of two different easy axes, one perpendicular to the substrate (homeotropic) and one planar [7, 8]. Similar models can explain the continuous evolution of anchoring between two planar orientations observed on some crystalline substrates [9]. However, in the same time, two easy axes can also lead to anchoring bi-stability [10, 11] or discontinuous transitions of anchoring [9], which is not compatible with the model established to interpret observed control of pretilt. In order to be able to predict if bi-stability or continuous combination of the two easy axes occurs for one given system, it becomes necessary to understand the microscopic origin of the easy axes
Beyond the subject DP versus the subject pronoun divide in agreement switches
Producción CientíficaPrevious code-switching literature argues that no switch takes place between a pronoun and a verb, while Determiner Phrases (DPs) do code-switch. This paper uses code-switching acceptability judgment data elicited from three groups of English–Spanish bilinguals (2L1 children, L2 English children and L2 English adults) to test: (i) van Gelderen & MacSwan’s (2008) PF disjunction theorem intended to account for the DP/pronoun divide; and (ii) an agreement version of the analogical criterion (Liceras et al. 2008) which is based on Pesetsky & Torrego’s (2001) double-feature valuation mechanism intended to account for the different status of third person versus first and second person pronominal subjects. We show that the PF disjunction theorem is clearly rooted in the mind of the bilingual and that the Spanish dominant bilinguals can ‘relax’ its requirements to value person agreement features as predicted by the double-feature valuation mechanism.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación - FEDER (HUM2007-62213 and BFF2002-00442)Faculty of Arts of the University of Ottawa - Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (410-2004-2034)International Council for Canadian Studies - Department of Foreign Affairs (10-CEA-A
- …