Bio-Organic Electronics—Overview and Prospects for the Future

In recent years, both biodegradable and bio-based electronics have attracted increasing interest, but are also controversially discussed at the same time. Yet, it is not clear whether they will contribute to science and technology or whether they will disappear without major impact. The present review will address several aspects while showing the potential opportunities of bio-organic electronics. An overview about the complex terminology of this emerging field is given and test methods are presented which are used to evaluate the biodegradable properties. It will be shown that the majority of components of organic electronics can be substituted by biodegradable or bio-based materials. Moreover, application scenarios are presented where bio-organic materials have advantages compared to conventional ones. A variety of publications are highlighted which encompass typical organic devices like organic light emitting diodes, organic solar cells and organic thin film transistors as well as applications in the field of medicine or agriculture

Evaluation of Analytical Approximation Methods for the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram

The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) describes the relation of average network flow, density and speed in urban networks. It can be estimated based on empirical or simulation data, or approximated analytically. Two main analytical approximation methods to derive the MFD for arterial roads and urban networks exist at the moment. These are the method of cuts (MoC) and related approaches, as well as the stochastic approximation (SA). This paper systematically evaluates these methods including their most recent advancements for the case of an urban arterial MFD. Both approaches are evaluated based on a traffic data set for a segment of an arterial in the city of Munich, Germany. This data set includes loop detector and signal data for a typical working day. It is found that the deterministic MoC finds a more accurate upper bound for the MFD for the studied case. The estimation error of the stochastic method is about three times higher than the one of the deterministic method. However, the SA outperforms the MoC in approximating the free-flow branch of the MFD. The analysis of the discrepancies between the empirical and the analytical MFDs includes an investigation of the measurement bias and an in-depth sensitivity study of signal control and public transport operation related input parameters. This study is conducted as a Monte-Carlo-Simulation based on a Latin Hypercube sampling. Interestingly, it is found that applying the MoC for a high number of feasible green-to-cycle ratios predicts the empirical MFD well. Overall, it is concluded that the availability of signal data can improve the analytical approximation of the MFD even for a highly inhomogeneous arterial

OLED thin film fabrication from poorly soluble terbium o-phenoxybenzoate through soluble mixed-ligand complexes

Features and advantages of the approach of the luminescent thin film deposition of non-volatile and non-soluble lanthanide aromatic carboxylates were exemplified by thin film deposition of terbium o-phenoxybenzoate Tb(pobz)3(H2O)2 (I) with quantum yield measured to be 96%. This approach is based on the formation and decomposition of mixed-ligand complexes, and thus mixed-ligand complex Tb(pobz)3(MG)(H2O)2 (II) (MG - monoglyme) was synthesized, characterized and used as a precursor for I thin films. Electroluminescent (EL) properties of high quality thin films of I and those with suitable host material were studied in a series of OLED devices

The Artist's Body

The editor Warr pairs a selection of thematically arranged works of body art with similarly arranged critical texts defining the movement and theoretical texts elaborating concepts of the body. Jones’ survey text provides the social and historical context within which body art has developed. The sections, arranged chronologically, begin with the primitive, gestural extensions of the body through painting and end with the more sophisticated technological extensions of the 1990s. Index. Biographical notes. Bibl. 3 p. Circa 440 bibl. ref

Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art : A Sourcebook of Artists' Writings

Edited by Stiles and Selz, this collection of well known artists' writings and critical texts by North American and European artists/authors draws attention to key moments in the evolution of late-modern art. The texts – manifestos, theoretical essays, interviews, letters, etc. – are placed within one of the following nine categories: Gestural Abstraction; Geometric Abstraction; Figuration; Material Culture and Everyday Life; Art and Technology; Installations, Environments and Sites; Process; Language and Concepts. Includes brief introductions to each chapter. Bibliography. Index. Circa 1300 bibl. ref