Pérdida de valores en la comunicación de adolescentes en edades de 13 y 18, en el II Semestre del Año 2012 del Instituto Rural San Rafael de la Comunidad el Tamarindo; Municipio de Telpaneca Departamento de Madriz

Pérdida de valores en la comunicación de adolescentes en edades de 13 y 18 años del instituto rural san Rafael de la comunidad el Tamarindo; Municipio de Telpaneca departamento de Madriz. El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de Analizar los efectos que ha traído la pérdida de valores en la comunicación en los adolescentes de las edades de 13 y 18, en los distintos contextos (social, cultural, y familiar). Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en la comunidad del Tamarindo municipio de Telpaneca, departamento Madriz, Se tomaron 10 estudiantes de séptimo grado de las edades de 13 y 18, 10 padres de familia y 10 maestros para recopilar información referente a los jóvenes de la comunidad, mediante entrevistas y observación con cada uno de ellos, de las cuales los padres resaltaron que los factores que inciden en la pérdida de valores de sus hijos principalmente son sus amigos, se tomaron tres puntos de vista diferentes (padres de familia, maestros y alumnos), para catalogar las causas más importantes, así como sus consecutivas consecuencias, además de factores negativos existentes en la comunidad. Palabras claves: valores, comunicación, adolescentes

Sustainable bioactive pectin-based films to improve fruit safety via a circular economy approach.

This work reports on the valorisation of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) for the development of food-grade antiviral coatings against major viral foodborne pathogens, human noroviruses (NoVs) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Initially, the antiviral activity of polyphenol-rich pectin extracts with abundant non-covalent interactions (PPN), pectin extracts enriched with intact pectin-polyphenol ester and O-glycosyl bonds (PPC) and hydro-ethanolic polyphenol-rich extracts (EPE) was compared. Higher viral reductions were found for the pectin extracts rich in polyphenols, mainly in those containing covalent pectin-polyphenol interactions. This specific extract was mixed with commercial citrus pectin (CP) to develop active edible films. Dry films were analysed in terms of their optical, morphological, mechanical and barrier properties. Addition of the bioactive pectin persimmon extract resulted in more coloured films with lower transparency. The presence of covalently-linked polyphenols gave rise to stiffer films, with lower sorption capacity and more hydrophobic nature. The infectivity of MNV and HAV on fresh blueberries after the coating treatments was reduced by approximately 4.28 and 2.38 log, respectively, after overnight incubation, as compared to the controls, when 10% PPC was incorporated into the film. Higher amounts of PPC did not significantly improve the antiviral activity and a complete inactivation for both viruses was observed after 4 days of storage at 25 °C. This paper highlights the potential of persimmon discards as a cheap source of food-grade antiviral coatings with improved physicochemical properties as compared to commercial citrus pectin

Bioactive extracts from persimmon waste: influence of extraction conditions and ripeness.

In this work, a bioactive persimmon extract was produced from discarded fruits. A central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of different extraction parameters and ripeness stages of persimmon fruits on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the resulting extracts. Significantly greater phenolic contents were obtained from immature persimmon (IP) fruits. The optimum IP extract with the conditions set by the experimental design was industrially up-scaled and its composition and functional properties were evaluated and compared with those obtained under lab-scale conditions. Both extracts contained significant protein (>20%) and phenolic contents (∼11-27 mg GA/g dry extract) and displayed significant antiviral activity against murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus. Moreover, the extract showed no toxicity and significantly reduced the fat content and the cellular ageing of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) without affecting the worm development. These effects were mediated by down-regulation of fat-7, suggesting an anti-lipogenic activity of this extract

Prototype device for monitoring and traceability of the vaccine cold chain

"La cadena de frío es un conjunto de normas y procedimientos que aseguran el correcto almacenamiento y distribución de vacunas a los servicios de salud desde el nivel nacional hasta el nivel local" (Organización Panamericana de la Salud [OPS, 2021]). Esto representa un desafío logístico debido a la sensibilidad que tienen los productos biológicos a cualquier desviación significativa de la temperatura, lo que finalmente puede repercutir en su afectividad y en consecuencia crear Eventos adversos Supuestamente Atribuibles a la Vacunación o Inmunización (ESAVI). Con el objetivo de preservar la continuidad de la red de frío, se desarrolló un prototipo de Monitoreo y Trazabilidad para las vacunas, que registra los parámetros de temperatura, humedad e intensidad de la luz y mediante un código de colores ayuda al personal sanitario a identificar de forma rápida si existe una deficiencia dentro de los rangos establecidos para su conservación."The cold chain is a set of standards and procedures that ensure the correct storage and distribution of vaccines to health services from the national level to the local level" (Pan American Health Organization [PAHO, 2021]). This represents a logistical challenge due to the sensitivity of biological products to any significant temperature deviation, which can ultimately impact their affectivity and consequently create Events Supposedly Attributable to Vaccination or Immunization (ESAVI). In order to preserve the continuity of the cold network, a prototype of Monitoring and Traceability for vaccines was developed, which records the parameters of temperature, humidity and light intensity and through a color code helps health professionals to quickly identify if there is a deficiency within the established ranges for their conservation

Application of edible nanolaminate coatings with antimicrobial extract of Flourensia cernua to extend the shelf-life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit

Supplementarymaterialrelatedtothisarticlecanbefound,inthe online version, at doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.12. 008.Edible coatings have potential to reduce postharvest losses of fruit such as tomato. In this study, the effects of nanolaminate coatings incorporated with extracts of Flourensia cernua, an endemic plant of the arid and semi-arid regions of Mexico, has been investigated. Ethanol extracts of F. cernua (FcE) were prepared and incorporated into polyelectrolyte solutions of alginate and chitosan. The nanolaminates were characterized by determining the zeta potential, contact angle and water vapor and oxygen permeabilities. Shelf-life analyses (20°C for 15 d) were carried out with uncoated fruit (UCF), nanolaminate coating (NL) and nanolaminate coating with FcE (NL+FcE). Physicochemical analyses, gas exchange rates of O2 and CO2 and ethylene production, as well as microbiological analyses of treated fruit were measured. Zeta potential and contact angle measurements confirmed the successful assembly of successive nanolayers of alginate and chitosan, as well as those with F. cernua. The nanolaminate coatings resulted in decreased permeabilities to water and O2. The best treatment of NL+FcE, extended the shelf-life of fruit by reducing weight loss and microbial growth, reducing gas exchange and ethylene production, and maintaining firmness and color. The NL+FcE treatment are an alternative to extend the shelf-life of tomato fruit.Author E. de J. Salas-Méndez thanks Mexican Science and Technology Council (CONACYT, Mexico) for PhD fellowship support. Authors want to thank PhD Zlatina Genisheva for the proof reading of the manuscript and suggestions to the same; also, to:MaríaGuadalupe Moreno Esquivel, Edith E. Chaires Colunga, Olga L. Solís Hernández and M. Leticia Rodríguez González of the Phytochemistry Laboratory from Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, for their assistance in obtaining extracts and chemical composition.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Confiabilidad y validez de un instrumento que mide percepciones de sexualidad / Reliability and validity of an instrument that measures perceptions of sexuality

Las redes sociales han alcanzado un protagonismo sin precedentes en la vida cotidiana de los jóvenes. Se estima que los usuarios dedican en promedio 3 horas a la revisión de sus páginas personales y las de sus contactos. En este sentido, temas tales como la sexualidad, salud reproductiva, embarazo y aborto inducido son centrales en la agenda de los usuarios debido al acceso de información y acumulación de la misma. A partir de estos datos, se realizó un estudio exploratorio y transversal con una selección no probabilística de 215 estudiantes de una universidad pública. Se propuso una teoría para explicar la participación de los jóvenes en Internet y se especificaron ocho dimensiones para anticipar escenarios de redes sociales en torno a la discusión de la legalidad del aborto. Los resultados muestran que la acumulación de información es el factor indicativo de la participación reproductiva en las redes sociales (β = 0,49) mientras que los parámetros de ajuste siguieren la aceptación de las relaciones especificadas [χ2 = 24,13 (24 gl) p = 0,000; GFI = 0,975; RMR = 0,003]. En referencia al estado del conocimiento, los aportes del presente trabajo fueron discutidos a fin de recomendar otras investigaciones y ajustar los límites a políticas de salud reproductiva.   Social networking has achieved unprecedented prominence in the daily lives of young people. It is estimated that users spend on average three hours to review their personal pages and their contacts. In this regard, issues such as sexuality, reproductive health, pregnancy and induced abortion are central to the agenda of the users due to access information and build it. From these data, an exploratory cross-sectional study with a nonrandom selection of 215 students at a public university was performed. A theory was proposed to explain the participation of young people on the Internet and eight dimensions were specified scenarios to anticipate social networks around the discussion of the legality of abortion. The results show that the accumulation of information is the indicative factor of reproductive participation in social networks (β = 0.49) while setting parameters acceptance of the specified ratios [χ2 = 24.13 (24 df) p = 0.000; GFI = 0.975; RMR = 0.003]. Referring to the state of knowledge, the contributions of this study were discussed in order to recommend further research and set limits to reproductive health policies

Post-Hospital Syndrome and Hyponatremia

Introduction: Post-hospital syndrome (PHS) is defined as a period of vulnerability during the first 30 days after a patient is discharged from hospital, in which multiple factors come into play. Hyponatremia is the most frequent hydroelectrolytic disorder in hospitalized patients and may be related to the appearance of PHS. Objective: The objective is to estimate the prevalence of PHS that is assessed as the rate of readmissions in the first 30 days after discharge, in patients with hyponatremia. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive observational study of patients with hyponatremia who were discharged from 1 September 2010 to 2 February 2020 at the Internal Medicine Service of the Hospital University of San Juan (Alicante, Spain). Results: Of the 25 included patients, 5 (20%) were readmitted within a month of discharge, after a mean of 11.4 days (standard deviation [SD] 5.1). The overall mortality of the study was 20% (n = 5), with one case of death in the first 30 days post-hospitalization (4%). In 12 patients (48%) the origin of the hyponatremia was undetermined. The most frequently recorded etiology for the condition was pharmacological (n = 7, 28%), and there was pronounced variability in its clinical and laboratory study. The most widely used corrective measure was drug withdrawal, in 16 patients (64%). Water intake restriction was the most common treatment after discharge (5 patients, 20%), followed by urea (2 patients, 8%), while tolvaptan was not used. Conclusion: Hyponatremia may be the cause of PHS, which could increase the rate of early readmission. Hyponatremia is an underdiagnosed and undertreated entity, so it is necessary to apply an appropriate system to optimize its management and, in future studies, to assess its impact on PHS

Multicentre, randomised, single-blind, parallel group trial to compare the effectiveness of a Holter for Parkinson's symptoms against other clinical monitoring methods: study protocol

Introduction In recent years, multiple studies have aimed to develop and validate portable technological devices capable of monitoring the motor complications of Parkinson's disease patients (Parkinson's Holter). The effectiveness of these monitoring devices for improving clinical control is not known. Methods and analysis This is a single-blind, cluster-randomised controlled clinical trial. Neurologists from Spanish health centres will be randomly assigned to one of three study arms (1:1:1): (a) therapeutic adjustment using information from a Parkinson?s Holter that will be worn by their patients for 7 days, (b) therapeutic adjustment using information from a diary of motor fluctuations that will be completed by their patients for 7 days and (c) therapeutic adjustment using clinical information collected during consultation. It is expected that 162 consecutive patients will be included over a period of 6 months. The primary outcome is the efficiency of the Parkinson?s Holter compared with traditional clinical practice in terms of Off time reduction with respect to the baseline (recorded through a diary of motor fluctuations, which will be completed by all patients). As secondary outcomes, changes in variables related to other motor complications (dyskinesia and freezing of gait), quality of life, autonomy in activities of daily living, adherence to the monitoring system and number of doctor?patient contacts will be analysed. The noninferiority of the Parkinson's Holter against the diary of motor fluctuations in terms of Off time reduction will be studied as the exploratory objective. Ethics and dissemination approval for this study has been obtained from the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge Ethics Committee. The results of this study will inform the practical utility of the objective information provided by a Parkinson's Holter and, therefore, the convenience of adopting this technology in clinical practice and in future clinical trials. We expect public dissemination of the results in 2022.Funding This work is supported by AbbVie S.L.U, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [DTS17/00195] and the European Fund for Regional Development, 'A way to make Europe'

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality